The effect of crop size and low levels of major elements on fruit characteristics and incidence of storage pit in Sturmer apples in pot experiments

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
GC Wade ◽  
JM Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Cell Number ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Carry Over

Pot experiments in sand culture with Sturmer apple trees were continued to study the effects of low levels of major elements on the storage type of bitter pit. Compared with a complete treatment, the no calcium treatment induced high susceptibility to storage pit but had no other significant effects. The other treatments had no effect on pit. Pitted fruits had a lower calcium and higher protein nitrogen content than sound fruits but there was no evidence that the level of other mineral elements was affected. Other fruit responses to low level treatment are discussed. No nitrogen and no phosphorus prevented fruit set but no magnesium and no potassium increased it. However, many of the effects on fruit cell number and levels of mineral elements in fruits may be due to competition between the fruits for limited resources rather than any direct physiological effect. Differences between years in fruit responses may be due to alternate cropping with differences in carry over of reserves or differences in level of competition between fruit and vegetative growth and caution is necessary in interpreting results.

Sulfhydryl groups as potential biomarkers of water pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chourouk Romdhani ◽  
Zahrah Alhalili ◽  
Soumaya Elarbaoui ◽  
Moez Smiri
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Mineral Pollution ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Thiols represent a source of environmental pollution especially wastewater. The present work aims to evaluate the degradation of sulfur in two biological treatment plants in Tunisia: conventional plant of Rades Malienne, and vertical and horizontal flow from the Grombalia plant. We analyzed (1) wastewater properties, (2) the hydrosulfur (thiol) group, (3) membrane processes ultrafiltration technique and (4) characterization of the quality of wastewater from different plants. We used ultrafiltration membrane assisted ZnO and TiO2 NPs application on real effluents from different biological treatment plants. STEP1 is found to be more loaded with sulphur. Application of AC-ZnO membrane gives 99.07% and 99.55% of sulfur removal from wastewater of STEP1 and STEP3. STEP3 is 50 times less charged on sulfur than STEP1. We suggested that when the sulphur content is high, this leads to an increase in mineral elements. This could be explained by the interactions between thiols and the major elements that cause mineral pollution.

Anteroposterior patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio: an explant assay reveals inductive and suppressive cell interactions

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1873-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Sagerstrom ◽  
Y. Grinblat ◽  
H. Sive
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Type I ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Anteroposterior Patterning ◽  
Embryonic Shield ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Neural Markers

We report the first extended culture system for analysing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryogenesis with which we demonstrate neural induction and anteroposterior patterning. Explants from the animal pole region of blastula embryos ('animal caps') survived for at least two days and increased in cell number. Mesodermal and neural-specific genes were not expressed in cultured animal caps, although low levels of the dorsoanterior marker otx2 were seen. In contrast, we observed strong expression of gta3, a ventral marker and cyt1, a novel type I cytokeratin expressed in the outer enveloping layer. Isolated ‘embryonic shield’, that corresponds to the amphibian organizer and amniote node, went on to express the mesodermal genes gsc and ntl, otx2, the anterior neural marker pax6, and posterior neural markers eng3 and krx20. The expression of these genes defined a precise anteroposterior axis in shield explants. When conjugated to animal caps, the shield frequently induced expression of anterior neural markers. More posterior markers were rarely induced, suggesting that anterior and posterior neural induction are separable events. Mesodermal genes were also seldom activated in animal caps by the shield, demonstrating that neural induction did not require co-induction of mesoderm in the caps. Strikingly, ventral marginal zone explants suppressed the low levels of otx2 in animal caps, indicating that ventral tissues may play an active role in axial patterning. These data suggest that anteroposterior patterning in the zebrafish is a multi-step process.

Increased growth and uptake of nutrients by corn plants treated with low levels of simazine

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Freney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Simazine applications of 1.5 p.p.m. to soil in pots in a glasshouse increased dry matter yields and uptake of nitrogen in corn only when additional nitrogen was applied to the soil. The proportions of protein and non-protein nitrogen in the topgrowth were not affected. Application of simazine at this rate without addition of nitrogen resulted in increased leaf area but did not significantly affect yield. Simazine provided a stimulus to the plant early in its life and enabled it to grow faster than the control plant. When the supply of available nitrogen was exhausted the simazine effect decreased. When incubated with soil, simazine did not increase mineralization of soil organic nitrogen, nor did it have any effect on immobilization of mineral nitrogen. Simazine applied at 0.06 p.p.m. in solution culture increased the yield of corn tops by 36%, the uptake of nitrogen by 37%, phosphorus by 25%, magnesium by 24%, and potassium by 41 %. It had no effect on the yields of roots. The results suggest that simazine increased plant growth by a direct effect on plant metabolism and not through any interaction with the soil.

scholarly journals Nutritional qualities assessment of locally processed spaghetti

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Bitrus Tukura ◽  
Joseph Daniel Gbubele ◽  
Swaiba Mamman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Low Levels

The quest for cheap and quality food is on the increase, especially during economy crises. Some nutritional properties of the raw and cooked local and industrial spaghetti were determined using standard methods. Concentrations of mineral elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Total ash (0.98±007 %), crude protein (14.28±0.15 %) and carbohydrate (77.95±0.11 %) levels in the raw industrial spaghetti were higher compared to the locally processed raw spaghetti. Carbohydrate and moisture levels for both processed spaghetti increased on cooking, while total ash and protein contents decreased. Crude fiber (0.009±0.00 %), carbohydrate (77.52±0.21 %) and moisture levels in the cooked local spaghetti were higher than in the cooked industrial spaghetti. Proximate contents of the local and industrial raw spaghetti were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different. Concentrations of mineral elements in the raw locally processed spaghetti were lower than in the industrial spaghetti. Low levels of functional properties were recorded in the local spaghetti. Cooking decreased zinc content in the spaghetti, but significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the moisture content, crude fiber, carbohydrate and mineral contents. The spaghetti processed locally may serve as an alternative to the industrial spaghetti.

A multivariate approach to plant mineral nutrition: dose–response relationships and nutrient dominance in factorial experiments

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Shaver ◽  
M. J. Lechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Canonical Variates Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilization

Canonical variates analysis was used to compare the effects of fertilization on the concentrations of five mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) in young shoot tissues of six tundra plant species of three different growth forms. There were two specific objectives: (i) to determine whether it was possible to describe meaningful dose–response relationships in a multivariate response to fertilization, and (ii) to determine the multivariate effect of N plus P fertilization in comparison with the effects of N or P added alone. The results showed that low levels of N–P–K fertilization caused a shift in multivariate nutrient content that was intermediate between the control values and the shift caused by high fertilization, and in the same direction as the latter. In a June harvest, the effect of N plus P fertilization was very similar to the effect of N fertilization alone. However, in August the N plus P effect was dominated by the response to P alone. In all of the analyses, the fundamental similarities and differences among unfertilized plants of each species and growth form were maintained under fertilization.

Growth and chemical composition of white clover as affected by sulphur supply

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Four Levels

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L. var. Ladino) were grown in sand culture with four levels of sulphur supply. Growth increased with increasing sulphur supply, all plants except those at the highest sulphur level showing deficiency symptoms. As the severity of the deficiency increased, the root system formed a proportionately larger part of the plant, and the stems and petioles smaller proportions; the proportion of the whole plant formed by the laminae was reduced to only a slight extent. Nitrogen and sulphur fractions were examined in the laminae, nitrogen at each of three harvests and sulphur at the second harvest. The percentages of protein nitrogen and of total nitrogen increased as sulphur supply increased, protein nitrogen forming a greater proportion of the total nitrogen at the higher sulphur levels. In contrast, protein sulphur formed the bulk of the total sulphur in deficient plants, but as sulphur supply approached an adequate level for growth, there was a marked increase in non-protein organic sulphur and a smaller increase in sulphate sulphur. In this respect, white clover appears to differ from legumes other than Trifolium spp. and from non-legumes, all of which accumulate sulphur mainly as sulphate.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Reproducibility of Inductively Coupled Spectrometric Techniques in Soil Metal Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211986900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari ◽  
Megersa Olumana Dinka ◽  
Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Precise estimation of metals in samples remains a challenge as a result of analytical biases and errors, which occur at sample collection, preparation, and measurement stages. A poor understanding of the nature and occurrence of these errors further aggravates this challenge. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) techniques in quantifying metals from contaminated soils of Roundhill landfill vicinity. Using statistical tools, the study evaluated biases of the 2 methods. High coefficients of variation were realized for V, Cr, and Pb concentrations varied at various sampling sites. Concentrations of elements obtained using the 2 methods had no significant differences using t-test analysis. Definitive agreement for the 2 methods was observed for V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb concentrations, whereas the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe showed some deviations in their regression lines. Spectral, systematic, memory, and carry over errors could be attributable to these deviations. The errors promote chelation and adsorption of ions in samples to form insoluble compounds that cannot be quantified. Overall, ICP-MS had greater sensitivity than ICP-OES in trace elements analysis compared with major elements.

The effect of maternal thyroidectomy prior to conception on foetal brain development in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Potter ◽  
G. H. McIntosh ◽  
M. T. Mano ◽  
P. A. Baghurst ◽  
J. Chavadej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Foetal Brain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. Merino ewes were surgically thyroidectomized, and mated 6 weeks later when their plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were negligible. Their foetuses were delivered by hysterotomy at 52, 71, 84, 98, 125, 140 days gestation or at term (150 days). Despite the very low levels of T4 in maternal plasma, the concentrations of T4 in foetal plasma were not significantly different after 71 days gestation from those of foetuses of sham-operated (control) ewes. Foetal brain and body weights, however, were reduced from 71 days compared to those of foetuses of sham-operated ewes. The foetal brain weights but not the body weights were restored to normal from 125 days to term. In additon to the weights, cell number (DNA) and cell size (protein:DNA ratio) appeared to be normal in the neonatal brain at parturition and this was confirmed by histological examination of the brains. Thus lack of maternal thyroid hormones in early pregnancy may cause a reduction in brain and body growth in the foetus which, in the case of the brain, appears to be restored to normal after the onset of foetal thyroid function.

Some morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in the pear fruit (Pyrus communis var. Williams Bon Chrétien) during development and following harvest

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Bain
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes occurring in the developing fruit of Pyrus communis var. Williams Bon Chretien were studied at frequent intervals, from blossom until after commercial maturity, in three successive seasons. Morphological changes were shown by increase in measurements of volume, long and short axis, and the width of the cortex (flesh), the morphology of the fruit being interpreted by the receptacular theory, Anatomical changes were given by the duration and distribution of cell division, differentiation of tissues, cell size, and cell number. Physiological changes were expressed as changes in fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content for the whole fruit, and separately for the flesh, peel, and core in the second and third seasons. Total and reducing sugars, starch, titratable acidity, and total and protein nitrogen were estimated per gram of dried flesh at each sampling. Respiration rates for whole fruit were measured by the Pettenkofer method. Physiological changes could not be expressed on a per cell basis because of the complex structure of pear tissue. Data presented on the basis of the number of days from blossom showed two distinct stages in fruit growth. Stage I, the first 42-56 days of development, corresponded to the main cell division period and was characterized by more rapid morphological but slower physiological changes (except for increase in protein nitrogen) than Stage 11, the remainder of the time on the tree. Comparable trends were found in the three seasons, but drought reduced growth rate in the first season. Some ripening changes were followed on removal from the tree and after periods of cold storage at 0°C.

scholarly journals Volcanic soils composition impact on the major mineral elements content of grapes and wines

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
María Teresa Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Cabanis ◽  
Geneviève Cassanas ◽  
Lurdes Matos ◽  
Jorge Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

<p style="text-align: justify;">The analysis of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium was carried out in soils, grapes and wines of wine regions of the Azores in order to obtain a mineral profile of the principal major elements. It would be of interest to achieve a profile of these minerals, according to the climate, to the position of the Islands and to their volcanic soils. Determinations were carried out by atomic absorption in flame. A statistical analysis of the findings was performed. This study establishes the diversity of wine regions in the Azores. As a whole, the amounts in the wines are in the european average.</p>

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