Treatment of pastures with granular phorate to control the lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis) and the red legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
MMH Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Density Regulation

Ten per cent phorate ('Thimet') granules were broadcast on to pastures to control the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.) and the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.). A rate of one ounce of active ingredient an acre gave effective control of both pests, principally by fumigant action. Biscirus lapidarius Kramer, a useful bdellid mite preying upon the lucerne flea, was reduced in numbers by this treatment. Rain during or immediately after application inhibited the fumigant action. Changes in population density after treatment provided indirect evidence of the mechanisms of density regulation in these pests.

Carbamate and organophosphorus sprays as alternatives to DDT to control red-legged earth mites (Halotydeus destructor and Penthaleus major)

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Wright
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Organophosphorous Compounds ◽  
Low Volume

Four experiments, two conducted in 1962 and two in 1963, are described. Low volume applications of two carbamates, eight organophosphorous compounds, and a quinoxaline miticide were tested for their value in controlling the two species of red-legged earth mites, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) and Penthaleus major (Duges) alongside the standard DDT treatment of four ounces active ingredient an acre. Two of the organophosphorous compounds, namely azinphos ethyl and 'Imidan' applied at half an ounce active ingredient an acre, were shown to give effective control of both mite species for at least five weeks and can now be recommended as alternative mite control treatments that would eliminate the risk of contamination of meat or animal products by undesirable residues. Since DDT at 2 oz active ingredient an acre gave very effective mite control, this lower dosage may- be useful in lessening the residue risk.

scholarly journals Strategies for control of the redlegged earth mite in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann ◽  
G. P. Mangano ◽  
J. M. Gower ◽  
C. C. Pavri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Control Package

The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, continues to be an intractable pest causing damage to most crop and pasture species in southern Australia. H. destructor feed on all stages of plants, but particularly damage seedlings in autumn. Research has aimed to develop new controls based on a better understanding of the biology and ecology of this pest. Chemicals remain the key tool to control H. destructor, despite the recent appearance of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids. A control package, Timerite, has been developed by which a single well-timed spray in spring can prevent H. destructor from developing diapause eggs. Field trials show this strategy provides effective control of H. destructor the following autumn, and protects plant seedlings, although mite populations build up again during winter. Non-chemical control strategies include grazing, the use of tolerant plants such as cereals, resistant legume cultivars and avoiding rotations where favourable host plants are available in the year before growing susceptible crops such as canola. Natural enemies can assist in mite control, and their numbers can be enhanced by methods including increasing landscape features like shelterbelts. Interspecific competition can occur between H. destructor and other pest mites, but the extent to which these interactions influence the structure of pest communities under different management regimes remains to be investigated.

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

The role of blood intake in density regulation of populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Density Regulation ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe growth of populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug) depends on temperature and blood-intake. Experiments are described which demonstrated the density-dependent relationship between population size, blood intake and population growth at different temperatures. The number of bugs feeding and their mean blood intake was lower at high bug densities than at low ones, both with restrained chickens and with unrestrained mice as hosts. When blood intake was restricted, the development times of all nymphal stages were increased, and female fecundity was decreased. Previous work showed also that reduced blood intake led to an increased tendency for adult flight. It is thought that at high bug density the three factors, increased development times, decreased fecundity and increased flight, operate to restore the population to a stable density without promoting an increase in mortality. The mechanism linking population density to nutritional status seemed to depend on host irritability, which interrupted the bugs' feeding. Bugs which passed a certain threshold meal size would not resume feeding if interrupted, even though their blood intake was well below normal. The difference between the minimal threshold meal and a normal meal is thought to provide the nutritional elasticity within which the development processes are regulated. It is suggested that this mechanism is characteristic of K-strategists, whereas r–strategists such as mosquitoes tend to continue attacking, even if interrupted, until they achieve a normal meal.

scholarly journals DOSES DE GLIFOSATO E TEMPERATURA DA CALDA DE APLICAÇÃO NO CONTROLE DE CAPIM BRAQUIÁRIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475
Author(s):  
João de Deus Godinho Junior ◽  
José Márcio de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Renato Adriane Alves Ruas ◽  
Alberto Carvalho Filho ◽  
Pedro Ivo Vieira Good God
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Suitable Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

DOSES DE GLIFOSATO E TEMPERATURA DA CALDA DE APLICAÇÃO NO CONTROLE DE CAPIM BRAQUIÁRIA   JOÃO DE DEUS GODINHO JUNIOR1, JOSÉ MÁRCIO DE SOUSA JÚNIOR1, RENATO ADRIANE ALVES RUAS1, ALBERTO CARVALHO FILHO1, PEDRO IVO VIEIRA GOOD GOD1   1Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia MG-230 - Km 7, Zona Rural, CEP: 38810-000, Rio Paranaíba - Minas Gerais, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].   RESUMO: As variações de temperatura podem influenciar na distribuição e penetração de princípios ativos de herbicidas nas plantas. Assim, é necessário definir a temperatura mais adequada para cada aplicação, pois, temperaturas baixas podem inibir absorção de certos produtos e interferir na efetividade do controle e temperaturas mais elevadas podem causar perdas por deriva e reduzir a eficácia do tratamento. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de glifosato e a temperatura da calda de aplicação no controle de capim braquiária. Empregou- se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 x 4, sendo: cinco temperaturas de calda (5, 20, 35, 50 e 65 °C), quatro doses do glifosato (0, 0,54, 1,08 e 1,62 kg i.a. ha-1) e quatro períodos de avaliação (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação). Foram realizadas três repetições, totalizando 240 unidades experimentais constituídas de uma área de 10 m² (5 x 2 m) formada com Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã. Houve efeito significativo apenas das interações duplas, sendo observado maior efeito da temperatura nos tratamentos que receberam menores doses do herbicida. Concluiu-se que a elevação da temperatura da calda de glifosato melhora o controle efetivo de U. brizantha, principalmente, nas menores doses.             Palavras-chave: dessecação de plantas daninhas, eficiência de controle, herbicidas, tecnologia de aplicação.   GLYPHOSATE DOSES AND TEMPERATURE OF APPLICATION SYRUP IN CONTROL OF PALISADE GRASS   ABSTRACT: Temperature variations can influence the distribution and penetration of the active ingredient in the plant. However, it is necessary to define the most suitable temperature for each treatment, since lower temperatures may inhibit the absorption of the products and those higher can cause losses due to drift. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glyphosate doses and the application syrup temperature on the control of palisade grass. Was employed a randomized complete block design with treatments in a factorial 5 x 4 x 4, being five syrup temperatures (5, 20, 35, 50 and 65 °C), four doses of glifosato (0, 0.54, 1.08 and 1.62 kg ha-1) and four evaluation periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application). Three replicates were performed, totaling 240 established experimental units of 10 square meters in size (5 x 2 m) formed with Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã. There was an effect in double interactions, and observed higher temperature effect in treatments with lower doses of herbicide. It was concluded that the increase in glifosato syrup temperature improvement effective control of U. brizantha mainly in smaller doses.     Keywords: desiccation of weeds, control efficiency, herbicides, application technology.

Insecticides for the control of dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Wright
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Field trials were carried out in the Brunswick River district of New South Wales from 1971 to 1975 to evaluate insecticides against dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Effective control was obtained by spraying the bases of plants and surrounding soil to a radius of 30 cm in spring and autumn with pirimiphos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos emulsions at 2.24 kg active ingredient ha-1 (1.12g per plant) per application. Chlordecone dust, pirimiphos-ethyl granules and chlorpyrifos powder sprinkled by hand at 2.8 kg ha-1 a.i. (1.42 g per plant) per application also gave effective control and could be used where water is unavailable.

72 A One-health Perspective on S. aureus Induced Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu ◽  
Pierre Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
One Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Bovine mastitis, commonly caused by bacteria, is one of the most devastating diseases for the dairy industry worldwide, with high economic, social, and public health impacts. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading pathogens in most countries. Success rate of antibiotic treatment is low such that effective control of S. aureus induced mastitis is currently only possible through prevention of new infections and culling of infected animals. The infection is usually subclinical, causing elevated somatic cell counts but no detectable changes in milk or the udder. S. aureus persists in mammary glands, teat canals, and teat lesions of infected cows and is transmitted to other cows during milking. The direct evidence of cross-species transmission of S. aureus is still scarce. Nevertheless, accumulating indirect evidence supports the zoonotic potential for S. aureus from bovine mastitis to humans. In addition to direct contact, aerosol exposures may also be an important mechanism for the transmission. While animal-adapted livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been known for many years, most S. aureus isolated from mastitic milk in Canada are methicillin-sensitive. S. aureus induced mastitis is a common reason for therapeutic and/or prophylactic use of antibiotics on dairy farms. Occurrence of multidrug resistant, especially methicillin-resistant, S. aureus has been a major public health concern. In this talk, we will address the pathogenesis and strain spectrum of S. aureus induced bovine mastitis, review existing evidence for inter-species transmission, and discuss possible transmission of methicillin-resistance determinants. This talk aims to emphasize the need for the one-health approach for prevention and treatment of S. aureus induced mastitis, in order to provide safe and nutritious milk and milk products to consumers.

scholarly journals Efficacy of biological formulations against Neoglocianus maculaalba and Dasineura papaveris in Papaver somniferum

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Pavel Kolařík ◽  
Jiří Rotrekl ◽  
Karla Kolaříková
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Azadirachtin A

The effectiveness of selected insecticides against capsule weevils (Neoglocianus maculaalba) and capsule midges (Dasineura papaveris), which are the main pests of breadseed poppy, was verified in a small-plot field experiment in 2015–2017. The effect of foliar application was evaluated according to boreholes on capsule surfaces caused by the feeding of capsule weevil adults and larvae numbers in capsules collected approximately 4 weeks after application. Biological efficacy of the tested biological formulations Spintor (active ingredient spinosad 240 g/l) in dosage 0.4 l/ha and NeemAzal T/S (active ingredient azadirachtin A 10.6 g/l) in dosage 3 l/ha against N. maculaalba larvae in individual years of monitoring ranged from 46.4% to 77.7% and from 67.7% to 82.9%, respectively. The effect of the formulation Prev B2 (boron ethanolamine corresponding to 2.1% of water-soluble boron) in 0.3% dosage was in the range of 59.5–81.9%. Their efficacy did not differ significantly compared to the registered chemical standards Biscaya 240 OD (active ingredient thiacloprid 240 g/l) and Decis Mega (active ingredient deltamethrin 50 g/l). Therefore, these biological insecticides are potentially useful for the effective control of N. maculaalba and D. papaveris population densities and reduction of damage they cause to breadseed poppy.

scholarly journals Nematodes in relation to plant growth. III. Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) in tree crops, potatoes and red clover.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-209
Author(s):  
M. Oostenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The results of five rotation and fumigation experiments together with additional field surveys show that Pratylenchus penetrans is a serious cause of sickness symptoms and has crop rotational effects on many woody plants, red clover and potatoes. It is wide-spread in light and medium soils especially in nurseries and fruit orchards; 9% of the fields examined contained more than 100 specimens per 100 ml. of soil. Results demonstrate a significant linear relationship between the log. of initial population density or of population density within roots and growth deficit of susceptible crops. There was some indication that heavy infestations of P. penetrans in red clover roots impaired nitrogen fixation. The cultivation of rye, oats and red clover should be avoided in infested land as they are good hosts. Beet or mangolds are advised to be grown on infested arable land just before potatoes or red clover as they suppress P. penetrans. Nematicides give effective control of P. penetrans but their cost restricts their use to land growing valuable crops. Other plant nematode relationships indicated by the results were that grass, red clover, oats, rye, and swede were efficient hosts of Tylenchorhynchus dubius; red clover was a good host of Rotylenchus robustus; potatoes were a better host for Meloidogyne hapla than red clover, mangold or oats; mangold was an efficient host of P. neglectus but suppressed P. penetrans and P. crenatus; mangold and grass were efficient hosts of Paratylenckus spp. D.J.H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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