Salt tolerance trials with forage plants in south-western Australia

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Rogers ◽  
ET Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Forage Plants

A number of forage plants, including reputed salt tolerant species, were tested on a saline-alkali soil at Kojonup, Western Australia. Some annual species gave initial promise but were relatively short-lived in sward conditions. Two perennial grasses, Agropyron elongatum (C.P.I. W296), and Puccinellia capillaris (C.P.I. 15034), persisted well in test plots and field trials. They provided good ground cover and some grazing on land previously thought to be of little value and a potential erosion hazard.

Identifying suitable grass species for saline areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Rogers ◽  
CL Noble ◽  
RJ Pederick
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Pascopyrum Smithii ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

The salt tolerance of 20 lines of perennial grasses, including both native Australian and introduced species, was evaluated in 3 separate experiments over 0-180 mol Na Cl/m3 in the greenhouse, with the aim of identifying material that may be grown productively in saline areas in Australia, particularly the Murray- Darling Basin. Lolium perenne cv. Victorian, a species that is recognised as having a moderate level of salt tolerance, was included in all experiments as a reference species. In relative terms (as defined by the rate of the decline in dry matter production under saline conditions), only 5 species or cultivars (Psathyrostachys juncea cvv. Mankota, Tetracan and Vinall, Pascopyrum smithii cv. Walsh and Thinopyrum elongatum cv. Tyrell) were more salt tolerant than L. perenne cv. Victorian. However, several species including the native species Enteropogon acicularis and Themeda triandra, and the introduced species Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Thinopyrum elongatum, produced more dry matter than L. perenne over NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 180 mol/m3. The salt tolerance of Danthonia richardsonii was very similar to that of L. perenne. It was concluded that Psathyrostachys juncea, Pascopyrum smithii, Enteropogon acicularis and D. richardsonii, may offer potential as salt-tolerant germplasm, however, further field studies are recommended in order to fully assess the response of this material to saline soil conditions.

CROP RESPONSE TO SALINE SOIL CONDITIONS IN THE PARKLAND AREA OF SASKATCHEWAN

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
J. W. HAMM
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Crop Performance

The salinity tolerance of six annual crop species, wheat, oats, barley, rye, flax and rapeseed, were determined on saline soils that occur north of the Quill Lakes in the northeastern corner of the agricultural area of Saskatchewan. The relative merits of a salt-tolerant grass-legume mixture were also given consideration. The effects of salt stress on spring-sown cultivars became most apparent following exposure to hot, dry summer weather. In contrast, maximum salt tolerance for both winter wheat and winter rye was a function of winterkill. The winterhardiness of both winter annuals was reduced by saline conditions, but winter rye was more adversely affected than winter wheat. Large decreases in seed yield, plant dry weight and height occurred before the effects of increased soil conductivity were expressed for hectoliter weight, 1000-kernel weight, date of maturity, protein content and oil content. Among the spring and winter annual cultivars considered, Bonanza barley and Garry oats demonstrated the greatest salt tolerance. However, where severely saline conditions occurred, mixtures of salt-tolerant perennial grasses and alfalfa proved to be more productive than either barley or oats. The salinity tolerance of all cultivars was greater for years with more favorable growing conditions. It was apparent that stress factors, such as soil salinity, cold, heat, drought, etc., have a cumulative effect in reducing crop performance. This observation emphasizes the importance of minimizing all stress factors when attempting to crop saline soils. Detailed soil analyses indicated that where salts were a problem, the level of salinity was extremely variable, often changing dramatically over short distances. This extreme variability made it difficult to assess the magnitude of the salinity problem. In this regard, crop performance, especially plant height, provided a good indicator for identifying saline areas for purposes of soil testing.

Association of salt tolerance at seedling emergence with adult plant performance in slender wheatgrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pearen ◽  
M. D. Pahl ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz ◽  
R. Hermesh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Agropyron Trachycaulum ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Regrowth of 15 slender wheatgrass (SWG, Elymus trachycalus sp. Trachycalus (= Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte) lines was evaluated after 3 (harvest-one) and 11 wk (harvest-two) after clipping at four salinity levels. Lines were previously categorized into salt-tolerant (TOL) and non salt-tolerant (NT) accessions based on percent emergence at 15 mS cm−1 relative to a salt-tolerant control, tall wheatgrass (TWG, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. [= Thinopyron ponticum (Podpera) Lu & Wong]. Regrowth of five TOL, five NT, five untested (UT) SWG lines and TWG were compared in a greenhouse with nutrient solutions salinized to ECe values of 2, 7, 15, and 23 mS cm−1. Regrowth of all SWG lines decreased from 68 to 98% as salinity increased. Orbit tall wheatgrass shoots were about threefold larger than SWG shoots at 15 and 23 mS cm−1. Phenological development of NT lines was slower (P ≤ 0.05) than that of TOL and UT lines at all ECe levels. However, shoot growth of NT lines exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) that of TOL lines at 23 mS cm−1. Regrowth after 3 and 11 wk were correlated within ECe levels, (r = 0.22 to r = 0.34, P ≤ 0.01). Lack of a positive relationship between lines selected for emergence in saline media and their subsequent growth under saline conditions indicates that improvements in adult plant growth under saline conditions will require additional selection for appropriate traits in SWG. Key words: Slender wheatgrass, Elymus trachycalus sp. trachycalus (= Agropyron trachycaulum Link Malte), tall wheatgrass, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. (= Thinopyron ponticum (Podpera) Lu & Wong), salt tolerance, genetic screening, emergence

Salt tolerance and ionic relations of wheat as affected by individual chromosomes of salt-tolerant Lophopyrum elongatum

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Omielan ◽  
E. Epstein ◽  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Lophopyrum Elongatum ◽  
Ionic Relations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physiological Characters

Bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS), an amphiploid from a cross between CS and salt-tolerant Lophopyrum (= Agropyron) elongatum (Host) Löve, 19 of 21 possible disomic substitution lines of L. elongatum chromosomes for CS homoeologues, and a check cultivar, PI 178704, were grown in a replicated field trial under two levels of salinity and control conditions. Under salinity, the amphiploid greatly outperformed CS in grain yield, biomass, and other characters, indicating that it is more salt tolerant than CS. Of the seven L. elongatum chromosomes, six increased salt tolerance in disomic substitution lines; the most dramatic increase was conferred by chromosome 3E. Increased salt tolerance of the amphiploid was associated with the exclusion of Na+ and Cl− and inclusion of K+ as well as retranslocation of K+. Lophopyrum chromosomes controlling these physiological characters were identified. Some of the chromosomes had multiple effects, where as others affected only a specific character. The largest effects were associated with chromosome 3E. In addition, several wheat chromosomes controlled the exclusion or inclusion of these ions; the most notable effects were by chromosome 4D. Salt tolerance correlated negatively with Na+ and positively with K+ concentration in the flag leaf and with the K+/Na+ ratios. The relationships were strong enough to be exploited as selection tools in the breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars.Key words: salt tolerance, wheat, Lophopyrum elongatum.

Application of SSR Technique for the Identification of Markers Linked to Salinity Tolerance in Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
AC Manidas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Rice Landrace ◽  
Salt Susceptible

A cross was made between high yielding salt susceptible BINA variety (Binadhan-5) with salt tolerant rice landrace (Harkuch) to identify salt tolerant rice lines. Thirty six F3 rice lines of Binadhan-5 x Harkuch were tested for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage in hydroponic system using nutrient solution. In F3 population, six lines were found as salt tolerant and 10 lines were moderately tolerant based on phenotypic screening at the seedling stage. Twelve SSR markers were used for parental survey and among them three polymorphic SSR markers viz., OSR34, RM443 and RM169 were selected to evaluate 26 F3 rice lines for salt tolerance. With respect to marker OSR34, 15 lines were identified as salt tolerant, 9 lines were susceptible and 2 lines were heterozygous. While RM443 identified 3 tolerant, 14 susceptible and 9 heterozygous rice lines. Eight tolerant, 11 susceptible and 7 heterozygous lines were identified with the marker RM169. Thus the tested markers could be efficiently used for tagging salt tolerant genes in marker-assisted breeding programme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16929 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 57 - 65, 2008

Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad ◽  
G.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salinity tolerance indices in North African barley accessions at reproductive stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Allel ◽  
Anis BenAmar ◽  
Mounawer Badri ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
North African ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Selection Indices

Soil salinity is one of the main factors limiting cereal productivity in worldwide agriculture. Exploitation of natural variation in local barley germplasm is an effective approach to overcome yield losses. Three gene pools of North African Hordeum vulgare L. grown in Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt were evaluated at the reproductive stage under control and saline conditions. Assessment of stress tolerance was monitored using morphological, yield-related traits and phenological parameters of reproductive organs showing significant genetic variation. High heritability and positive relationships were found suggesting that some traits associated with salt tolerance could be used as selection criteria. The phenotypic correlations revealed that vegetative traits including shoot biomass, tiller number and leaf number along with yield-related traits such as spike number, one spike dry weight, grain number/plant and grain number/spike were highly positively correlated with grain yield under saline conditions. Hence, these traits can be used as reliable selection criteria to improve barley grain yield. Keeping a higher shoot biomass and longer heading and maturity periods as well as privileged filling ability might contribute to higher grain production in barley and thus could be potential target traits in barley crop breeding toward improvement of salinity tolerance. Multiple selection indices revealed that salt tolerance trait index provided a better discrimination of barley landraces allowing selection of highly salt-tolerant and highly productive genotypes under severe salinity level. Effective evaluation of salt tolerance requires an integration of selection indices to successfully identify and characterize salt tolerant lines required for valuable exploitation in the management of salt-affected areas.  

scholarly journals Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Md Sarowar Alam ◽  
Mark Tester ◽  
Gabriele Fiene ◽  
Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.

Short-term salt tolerance mechanisms in differentially salt tolerant tomato species

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Santa-Cruz ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Ana Rus ◽  
Maria C. Bolarin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Species
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