Lotononis bainesii Baker — a legume for sub-tropical pastures

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Virus Attack ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perennial Legume

Lotononis bainesii is a prostrate, fine stemmed, small leaved, stoloniferous perennial legume, suitable for pasture mixtures in parts of the sub-tropics and tropics. It prefers moist, friable soils, on which it withstands heavy graying. It is highly palatable and non-toxic to stock and is frost tolerant but virus susceptible. Heavy grazing in late summer reduces virus attack and ensures green growth through the winter. Reproduction is by seed or by vegetative means. The species combines well with a number of pasture grasses. Yields of L. bainesii exceeding one ton of dry matter per acre have been obtained in mid-summer on grazed grass-legume mixtures, and yields of 1/4 ton per acre are common. The mean nitrogen content is approximately 2.9 per cent.

Laboratory estimates of the nutritive value of some herbaceous native legumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (113) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen ◽  
GPM Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
P Values ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exotic Legumes ◽  
Soil Level

Forty-four accessions of herbaceous native legumes from the genera Glycine and Galactia were grown in a glasshouse in a soil-sand-nutrient mixture that contained adequate phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and molybdenum for plant growth. They were grown as individual plants with four replications of each. All plants were cut to soil level on August 18; regrowth was cut on October 7, November 22 and December 30 (harvests 1,2 and 3). The herbage was dried and analysed for nitrogen (g N/kg OM), phosphorus (g P/kg OM) and organic matter digestibility (% OMD). There were significant differences between the accessions for values of dry matter yield (P<0.001), nitrogen content (P<0.01), phosphorus content (P<0.001) and OMD (P<0.05). The mean nitrogen content declined at each harvest (40.6,33.7 and 31.7 g N/kg OM, respectively; P<0.05) and OMD of the herbage at harvest 3 was less than that at 1 and 2 (70.4, 71.1 and 67.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Herbage from harvest 1 had significantly greater P values than that from harvests 2 and 3 (4.7,4.2 and 4.4 g P/kg OM; P< 0.05). Plant yield was correlated with both nitrogen yield (r = 0.98; P<0.001) and phosphorus yield (r = 0.93; P<0.01) but not with OMD. Nitrogen content and digestibility were correlated (r = 0.48; P<0.01) but neither attribute was significantly correlated with phosphorus content. Samples of native herbaceous legumes belonging to the genera Desmodium and Kennedia and of some exotic legumes were collected from a nursery and analysed for N, P and OMD. The N and P values of all these legumes were in the range 31.9-39.2 g N/kg OM and 3.0-4.1 g P/kg OM, and compared favourably with those of the legumes grown in the glasshouse. The OMD of the exotic legumes (range 61.3-85.2%) compared favourably with those of the native legumes grown in the glasshouse but the natives Desmodium spp. and Kennedia spp. (range 26.7-35.4%) were very much lower than the Glycine spp. and Galactia spp.

Changes in characteristics of pastures in the coastal subtropics when grazed by cattle during years of low rainfall

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Hennessy ◽  
D. J. McLennan ◽  
P. J. Williamson ◽  
S. G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Improved Pasture

Summary. The effect of continuous grazing on pasture composition and quality was assessed on 2 pasture types in a subtropical environment. The pastures were native stocked at 1 cow/2.5 ha, and previously improved stocked at 1 cow/1.6 ha. In August 1990, carpet grass (Axonopus affinus) was the major species in both the native (49.8%) and improved (61.3%) pastures. However, the proportion of carpet grass decreased during the study to 33% in the native pasture and 30% in the improved pasture in February 1994. In the native pasture, blady grass (Imperata cylindrica) increased at the expense of carpet grass, whereas in the improved pasture higher quality grasses, and to a lesser extent Giant Parramatta grass (Sporobolus indicus), increased at the expense of carpet grass. Overall, dry matter on offer and green dry matter depended on rainfall and these peaked in late summer. Dry matter on offer differed between non-drought and drought periods in both pastures and was ≤3500 kg/ha in drought months in the native pasture and ≥3500 kg/ha in comparable months in the improved pasture. Green dry matter was higher in pastures towards the end of the summer growing season (83%, March 1992) and lower during many of the drought months (12%, May 1991). Grazing pressure (liveweight 0.75/t green dry matter) was highest in August, the crucial period for weed incursion. Organic matter digestibility was highest following rain in late spring (November 1990; 69%, improved pasture) but lowest in the absence of rain (November 1993; 38%, native pasture). The proportion of green dry matter in the native pasture was not related to organic matter digestibility nor to the nitrogen content of plucked pasture samples. However, in the improved pasture the proportion of green dry matter was related to organic matter digestibility on 3 occasions but not to nitrogen content.

The nutritional value of four tropical grasses when fed as chaff and pellets to sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Minson ◽  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), setaria (Setaria sphacelata), and buffel grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris) were cut at different stages of growth and artificially dried to provide ten feeds with a range of leaf percentages (13-56), nitrogen contents (0.42-3.70 per cent), and acid detergent fibre percentage (26.3-43.3). Half of each cut was chaffed and the remainder pelleted. Both pellets and chaff were fed to Merino wethers in metabolism cages. Pelleting decreased the mean digestibility of dry matter by 6.8 percentage units, nitrogen by 2.2 percentage units, and ADF by 11.5 percentage units. Pelleting increased the mean voluntary intake by sheep 47 per cent for dry matter and 27 per cent for digestible dry matter with only minor differences in response to pelleting mature and young grass. The smallest increase from pelleting was 4.1 per cent for buffel grass containing 0.42 per cent N. In grass of the same age in which the nitrogen content had been increased to 0.75 by fertilizer nitrogen, pelleting increased intake by 26.6 per cent. It was concluded that with mature tropical grasses the response to pelleting may be limited by a low nitrogen content. Pelleting may be a useful technique for eliminating the effect of physical structure when studying factors affecting the voluntary intake of pasture plants.

Response of native pasture to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer at Katherine, N.T

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphate Response ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A factorial combination of three levels of nitrogen and three levels of phosphate fertilizer was imposed on native pasture at Katherine over three years from 1956 to 1959. The pasture was composed largely of Sorghum plumosum and Themeda australis. A marked interaction between fertilizers in total dry matter yield was recorded; significant yield increases were obtained only in the presence of both nutrients. Sorghum showed independent responses to nitrogen and phosphate. Themeda was favoured only by a balanced nutrient supply, and with nitrogen in the absence of applied phosphate or vice versa its yield was reduced. The mean nitrogen content of the pasture increased substantially only when nitrogen was applied without phosphate. Response in total nitrogen yield to applied nitrogen and phosphate was independent ; where both nutrients were applied the response was mainly in dg matter yield with little change in nitrogen content, and when only one nutrient was applied the reverse held. Mean phosphorus content increased with increasing level of applied phosphate and decreasing level of applied nitrogen ; the changes were largely independent between fertilizers. Total phosphorus yield increased with increasing level of applied phosphate but was little affected by the level of applied nitrogen. Recovery of nitrogen fertilizer was extremely low, ranging from 5-6 per cent in the absence of applied phosphate to 8-9 per cent at the highest level of phosphate. The practical and ecological implications of the results are discussed.

The measurement of yield, voluntary intake and animal production of tropical pasture mixtures

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryThe consumption of three different tropical pastures by the conventional clipping method and by the nitrogen–chromic oxide technique were assessed and compared over a 2-year period. The clipping method was found to give consistently higher estimates of consumption of herbage dry matter by grazing steers than the chromic oxide method by approximately 16, 14 and 25% respectively for treatments E (Gynodon + Centrosema), F (Mixture E + Stylosanthes) and G (Digitaria + two legumes), when data for the 2 years were pooled for each treatment.The mean live-weight gain over the 2-year period was 0·19 kg per head per day. This figure is essentially in agreement with that obtained for the same group of animals in the previous 2 years. As would be expected the lowest gain was recorded during the dry season when there was little or nothing to graze. It was similarly observed that during a severe attack of trypanosomiasis the animals sustained some losses even though there was abundant pasture to graze.

Ploidy and virus reaction in Physalis floridana RYDB.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean

Diploid Physalis floridana has 24, and the induced autotetraploid 48 somatic chromosomes. The increased ploidy resulted in the usual increases in size of stomates, pollen, and seed, but in a decreased nitrogen content of the leaves. Dry matter production of the leaves and stems was 28.3 per cent, greater in the tetraploid than in the diploid. The percentage moisture content was not increased by tetraploidy. The increased ploidy did not affect the reaction to several mesophyll viruses, but resulted in a marked increase in the sensitivity to the phloem virus, leaf roll. Inoculation with leaf roll at the third true-leaf stage reduced the mean fresh weight per plant by 26.5 per cent. in the diploid, and 57.3 per cent. in the tetraploid. The greater sensitivity of the tetraploid followed inoculations at other growth stages, but, with both diploid and tetraploid P. floridana, the closer the plants were to the flowering stage at inoculation the less obvious the reaction.

Diet mixing in an aquatic carnivore, the harbour seal

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Trumble ◽  
Michael A Castellini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Diet Mixing ◽  
Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
The Mean

To determine the effects of diet mixing on digestive performance, harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) were offered either pure diets of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)) or a 1:1 mix of herring and pollock. Regardless of diet, retention time decreased approximately 40% as intake quadrupled. The mean apparent digestible dry matter (ADDM) was greatest on mixed diets during low feeding frequency trials; ADDM during high feeding frequency trials was significantly reduced as intake increased for animals on the single-species (pollock or herring) diets. As intake increased, up to 45% more digestible energy was assimilated from the mixed diet than from either single-species diet. The findings of this study suggest that a mixed diet consisting of prey differing in lipid and protein amounts increased digestible energy intake in harbour seals. Our measures of intake and ADDM in harbour seals revealed digestive flexibility and indicated that digestion in harbour seals was more efficient on a mixed diet.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

Growth and N status of Populus in mixture with red alder on recent volcanic mudflow from Mount Saint Helens

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Heilman
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Eleven months after the May 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens in southeastern Washington, United States, three Populus clones were planted in an experiment on the Toutle River mudflow deposit. The trees grew at an abnormally slow rate and by 3 years were overtopped by a dense stand (14 600 ± 3600 trees/ha) of red alder seeded naturally onto the site. Over the 6-year period of the study, the total N content of the soil increased an average of 56 kg•ha−1•year−1•. Foliar N concentration in Populus increased significantly from a mean late summer – early autumn value in the 2nd year (1982) of 0.69% N to a value of 2.06% N at the end of the seventh growing season. The mean annual height growth of the largest Populus averaged <0.5 m/year in the first 3 years, increasing to an average of over 1.0 m/year in the 5th and 6th years. Fertilizer treatments with N (as urea) and N + P (as urea plus treble superphosphate) placed in the soil near the individual Populus at a maximum rate of 5.3 g N/tree increased height growth in the year of fertilization (1982) and the following year (the response in height growth for the 2 years totaled 64%). After 1984, no significant effects of fertilizer on height growth, total height, or diameter were evident. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased foliar N concentration (1.54% N with the highest N treatment vs. 0.69% N in the control) in the year of treatment only. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on growth or foliar P concentration. At 6 years, only 2% of the Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray clone and 13% of the tallest Populus hybrid were equal to or above the mean height of alder dominants and codominants (6.2 m). Additionally, the diameter growth of Populus was severely limited: the trees had only 8% of the cross-sectional area of "normal" trees for their height. Results indicated that on sites of low N such as the mudflow, Populus may not compete satisfactorily in mixture with alder. Such behavior is in sharp contrast to sites of high N, where red alder cannot compete with Populus.

Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
S. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document