Zinc treatments applied to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) setts changes early growth and zinc status of plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Fulton ◽  
C. J. Asher
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Summary. Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in nutritional trials on a Zn-deficient lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa (12°28"S, 141°53"E). The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil. The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn. Two techniques were studied to establish if they could be used to correct Zn deficiency early in the growth of cassava: one was the fertilisation of cassava plants before cutting the stems for planting setts, and the other was soaking cassava setts in Zn solutions for various times at 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) or 51 kPa (partial pressure). Setts, after treatments, were planted into pots of lateritic soil from Weipa. Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms. However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts. Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades. These treatments were: soaking in 17.4 or 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 h at 51 kPa; and soaking in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 139 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 and 5 h at 101 kPa. These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers.

Mineral nutrition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in replaced soil after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
MC Fulton ◽  
LC Bell ◽  
CJ Asher
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Copper Zinc

The yield potential of cassava with optimal mineral nutrition was evaluated in a lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland. There were 9 field experiments. In 8 separate experiments, 5 rates each of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur, copper, zinc (Zn), boron or molybdenum fertilisers were banded into the soil. In the phosphorus (P) experiment, triple superphosphate and rock phosphate were compared, each with 5 rates of P banded, broadcast or spot-placed into the soil. After 2 wet seasons (66 weeks after planting), maximum tuber yields were produced by the banded application of 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha. With rock phosphate, only the broadcast placement produced an increase in the yield of cassava, maximum yields being achieved with 400 kg P/ha. In addition, there was evidence that 100 kg N/ha and 300 kg K/ha were needed for maximum yields. Therefore, based on the results of these individual experiments over 2 seasons, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate or 400 kg P/ha as rock phosphate, 300 kg K/ha, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha are the fertiliser recommendations for cassava grown in replaced soil at Weipa. In addition, early Zn deficiency symptoms (not related to any applied fertilisers) may necessitate a foliar spray of 4 kg Zn/ha as well as the soil-applied Zn fertiliser. However, the use of dolomite at 80 kg Mg/ha may have decreased the tuber yields and/or increased the requirements for certain soil-applied fertilisers. An average yield of 26.0 t/ha of tubers (fresh weight) was obtained with a 51-week growing season, and the recommended rates of fertilisers. This yield was reasonable when compared with 32 t/ha of fresh tubers predicted by a growth model for cassava, grown in North Queensland for 52 weeks without irrigation.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

Zinc application enhances grain zinc density in genetically-zinc-biofortified wheat grown on a low-zinc calcareous soil

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Human zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries due to the prevalence of cereals in the diet. Among different alleviation strategies, genetic Zn biofortification is considered a sustainable approach. However, it may depend on Zn availability from soils. We grew Zincol-16 (genetically-Zn-biofortified wheat) and Faisalabad-08 (widely grown standard wheat) in pots with (8 mg kg−1) or without Zn application. The cultivars were grown in a low-Zn calcareous soil. The grain yield of both cultivars was significantly (P≤0.05) increased with that without Zn application. As compared to Faisalabad-08, Zincol-16 had 23 and 41% more grain Zn concentration respectively at control and applied rate of Zn. Faisalabad-08 accumulated about 18% more grain Zn concentration with Zn than Zincol-16 without Zn application. A near target level of grain Zn concentration (36 mg kg−1) was achieved in Zincol-16 only with Zn fertilisation. Over all, the findings clearly signify the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification of genetically Zn-biofortified wheat grown on a low-Zn calcareous soil.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

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