Management of beneficial invertebrates and their potential role in integrated pest management for Australian grain systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Holloway ◽  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Philip I. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The Impact

Beneficial invertebrates (predators and parasitoids) can make significant contributions to the suppression of insect pest populations in many cropping systems. In Australia, natural enemies are incorporated into integrated pest management programs in cotton and horticultural agroecosystems. They are also often key components of effective programs for the management of insect pests of grain crops in other parts of the world. However, few studies have examined the contribution of endemic natural enemies to insect pest suppression in the diverse grain agroecosystems of Australia. The potential of these organisms is assessed by reviewing the role that natural enemies play in the suppression of the major pests of Australian grain crops when they occur in overseas grain systems or other local agroecosystems. The principal methods by which the efficacy of biological control agents may be enhanced are examined and possible methods to determine the impact of natural enemies on key insect pest species are described. The financial and environmental benefits of practices that encourage the establishment and improve the efficacy of natural enemies are considered and the constraints to adoption of these practices by the Australian grains industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

scholarly journals Integrating Rowcovers and Strip Tillage for Pest Management in Summer Squash and Muskmelon Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-932
Author(s):  
Amanda Skidmore ◽  
Neil Wilson ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Ric Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Strip Tillage

Pest management in cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) cropping systems is challenging. As a result, pesticides are heavily used for managing insect pests and diseases. This work focused on the application of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to control pests and reduce reliance on insecticide sprays while maintaining the quality and quantity of marketable yields in two commonly grown cucurbit crops: muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and summer squash (Cucurbita pepo). Plasticulture (raised beds covered in black plastic mulch) and strip tillage, two soil management systems commonly used for cucurbit IPM production, were compared to determine their impact on yield and pest numbers during the 2013–14 growing seasons. Additionally, the use of early season rowcovers and their impact on yield and pest pressure were investigated. Plasticulture use increased marketable yields compared with strip tillage for both summer squash and muskmelon, but strip tillage resulted in fewer total pests for both crops. Rowcover use did not have a consistent effect on insect pest numbers and showed a negative impact on the yield of both summer squash and muskmelon. No significant impacts on yield were observed when the interaction between rowcovers and the tillage system was investigated. The use of rowcovers impacted pest numbers, but these impacts were not consistent between insect pest species. Insecticide use was reduced in covered treatments, but only by one application. We concluded that these management techniques have the potential to be used in an IPM system, but the reduced marketable yield of strip tillage systems may reduce the adoption of this IPM technique for these crops.

scholarly journals Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Little ◽  
Thomas W Chapman ◽  
N Kirk Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.

scholarly journals Impact of integrated pest management on the population of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Mascarenhas Motta Miranda ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Leandro Bacci ◽  
Ézio Marques da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Eridania ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) in the productivity of the tomato and in the populations of leafminers, fruit borers, and natural enemies in tomato crops. The treatments were calendar (spraying twice weekly with insecticides and fungicides), IPM (spraying when action thresholds were achieved), and control (no pesticide was applied). IPM was the most efficient system of pest control due to presenting similar productivity and 65.6% less pesticide applications than in the calendar. The attack of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to the leaves only achieved the action threshold in the final phase of the cultivation. The main fruit borer was Neoleucinoides elegantalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), followed by T. absoluta and Spodoptera eridania (Cr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The natural enemy populations were severely reduced by excessive pesticide applications. Predators were more abundant than parasitoids. The most abundant predators were Araneidae, Anthicus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), Cycloneda sanguinea larva (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Staphylinidae adults (Coleoptera), Orius sp. and Xylocoris sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Formicidae (Hymenoptera), and Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera). The most abundant parasitoids were Hymenoptera of the families Eulophidae, Braconidae (Bracon sp. and Chelonus sp.), Trichogrammatidae [Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley)] and Bethylidae (Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead), besides Tachinidae (Diptera).

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Screening of Genotypes against Major Sucking Insect- Pests of Mothbean [Vigna aconitifolia] in Arid Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
K. L. Naga ◽  
A. R. Naqvi ◽  
B. L. Naga ◽  
H. L. Deshwal ◽  
L. Jhumar
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Aim: Some genotypes of mothbean were screened for their comparative preference against jassids, whiteflies and thrips. Materials and Methods: The experiment was laid out during Kharif season in Randomized Block Design with three Replications. Ten genotypes (viz., RMO-225, RMO-40, RMO-423, RMO-435, RMO-257, RMO-25, RMO-141, RMO-20-36, RMO-04-01-28 and RMO-28-80) were screened against major sucking insect pests which were replicated thrice. Observations: The observations were recorded after two weeks of sowing at weekly intervals after two weeks of sowing. The pest populations were recorded on five randomly selected and tagged plants per plot in early hours when insect have minimum activity. Results: The data revealed that none of the genotypes ware found free from sucking insect pest attack. On the basis of peak population, the genotypes RMO-25 and RMO-141 were categorized as least preferred to jassids, whiteflies and thrips, whereas, RMO-435, RMO-225 and RMO-04-01-28 as highly preferred to jassids and whiteflies and RMO-435, RMO-225 and RMO-257 as highly resistant to thrips. Conclusion: It is well known that certain genotypes of crops are less attacked by a specific insect-pest than others because of natural resistance. In the integrated pest management programme, growing of varieties (RMO-25 and RMO-141) with less preference to sucking insect-pests is one of the most important tools without additional cost.

scholarly journals Sanitation Improves Stored Product Insect Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Morrison ◽  
Alexander Bruce ◽  
Rachel Wilkins ◽  
Chloe Albin ◽  
Frank Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products throughout the post-harvest supply chain. While good sanitation programs are generally thought to reduce the abundance and diversity of insects, there has been less appreciation of the manifold ways that sanitation interacts with a range of other IPM tactics to modulate their efficacy. Here, we review the literature on how the effectiveness of chemical, physical/cultural, biological, and behaviorally-based control tactics varies with changes in sanitation. In addition, we discuss how sanitation may affect ongoing pheromone- and kairomone-based monitoring programs. Where possible, we quantitatively compile and analyze the impact of sanitation on the fold-change in the efficacy of IPM tactics. We found that decreased sanitation negatively affected the efficacy of most tactics examined, with a mean 1.3–17-fold decrease in efficacy under poorer sanitation compared to better sanitation. Sanitation had neutral or mixed impacts on a few tactics as well. Overall, the literature suggests that sanitation should be of the utmost importance for food facility managers concerned about the efficacy of a wide range of management tactics.

Natural enemies and forest pest management

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Nealis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Forest Practices

Forest insect pest management differs from pest management in other renewable-resource industries because of the relative complexity and stability of the forest environment. An important component of this complexity is the rich fauna of natural enemies attacking most forest insect pests. Understanding the relationship between forest insect pests and their natural enemies would permit better insight into the dynamics of pest populations.The active release of natural enemies in inoculative or inundative release strategies is a direct application of biological control to pest management. The conservation of resident natural enemies is an indirect biological control method with great potential. Knowledge of the ecology of natural enemies can be used to modify other forest practices such as reforestation and insecticide use to conserve or enhance the action of natural enemies.

scholarly journals Diversity and equitability of insect pests and natural enemies in brinjal field treated with insecticide

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
A Awal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
MMH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Sweep Net

Experiment was conducted during winter season to study the diversity and equitability of insect pest species and natural enemies in insecticide treated brinjal fields. Highest number of insect pests were recorded in` Tracer 45 SC, Bactoil (Bt), Nimbicidene 0.03 EC and lowest was in Necstar-50 EC and Proclaim-5 SG treated plots. The highest total abundance of insect pest was recorded in the plots treated with Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC and lowest total abundance was in Helicide (HNPV), Proclaim-5 SG and Booster-10 EC treated plots. The diversity index and equitability of insect pest species were highest in the plots treated with Nimbicidene 0.03 EC and Bactoil in visual search and sweep net methods while Bactoil and Booster 10 EC in pitfall trap method. However, lowest diversity index and equitability were obtained from the plots treated with Booster 10 EC, Proclaim-5 SG, Necstar-50 EC, Tracer-45 SC in visual search and sweep net methods but also in plots treated with Nimbicidene 0.03 EC in pitfall trap method. In case of natural enemies, the highest number of families were recorded in Tracer-45 SC, Nimbicidine 0.03 EC and Bactoil treated plots while lowest was in Helicide, Booster 10 EC, Proclaim-5 SG and Necstar-50 EC treated plots. The highest total abundance of natural enemy was recorded in the plot treated with Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC while lowest abundance was in the plot treated with Necstar-50 EC and Boster-10 EC. The diversity index and equitability of natural enemies were the highest in the plots treated with Proclaim-5 SG, Bactoil, Helicide and Necstar-50 EC in visual search, sweep net method and pitfall trap method while lowest was in Booster 10 EC, Tracer-45 SC treated plots in visual search method, Booster 10 EC and Nimbicidene 0.03 EC treated plots in sweep net method, Necstar-50 EC and Nimbicidene 0.03 EC treated plots in pitfall trap method. Bactoil and Tracer-45 SC were relatively safe for natural enemies and therefore would be fit well into integrated pest management (IPM) against BSFB of brinjal crop.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 71-80, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Nanopesticides: A Systematic Review of Their Prospects With Special Reference to Tea Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhabesh Deka ◽  
Azariah Babu ◽  
Chittaranjan Baruah ◽  
Manash Barthakur
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tea is a natural beverage made from the tender leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis Kuntze). Being of a perennial and monoculture nature in terms of its cultivation system, it provides a stable micro-climate for various insect pests, which cause substantial loss of crop. With the escalating cost of insect pest management and increasing concern about the adverse effects of the pesticide residues in manufactured tea, there is an urgent need to explore other avenues for pest management strategies.Aim: Integrated pest management (IPM) in tea invites an multidisciplinary approach owing to the high pest diversity in the perennial tea plantation system. In this review, we have highlighted current developments of nanotechnology for crop protection and the prospects of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant protection, emphasizing the control of different major pests of tea plantations.Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar search engines with the following terms: nanotechnology, nanopesticides, tea, and insect pest. An article search concentrated on developments after 1988.Results: We have described the impact of various pests in tea production and innovative approaches on the use of various biosynthesized and syntheric nanopesticides against specific insect pest targets. Simultaneously, we have provided support for NP-based technology and their different categories that are currently employed for the management of pests in different agro-ecosystems. Besides the broad categories of active ingredients (AI) of synthetic insecticides, pheromones and natural resource-based molecules have pesticidal activity and can also be used with NPs as a carriers as alternatives to traditional pest control agents. Finally, the merits and demerits of incorporating NP-based nanopesticides are also illustrated.Conclusions: Nanopesticides for plant protection is an emerging research field, and it offers new methods to design active ingredients amid nanoscale dimensions. Nanopesticide-based formulations have a potential and bright future for the development of more effective and safer pesticide/biopesticides.

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