An industry applicable model for predicting lean meat yield in lamb carcasses

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

A wide selection of lamb types (n = 360) of mixed sex (ewes and wethers) were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Soft tissue depth at the GR site (thickness of tissue over the 12th rib, 110 mm from the midline) was measured in the chiller, using a GR knife (GR). Each carcass was subsequently broken down to a range of trimmed boneless retail cuts and the lean meat yield determined. The predominant industry model for predicting meat yield in Australia uses hot carcass weight (HCW) and tissue depth at the GR site. A moderate level of accuracy and precision was found when HCW and GR were used to predict lean meat yield (R2 = 40.5, r.s.d. = 2.39%), which could be improved markedly when loin muscle cross-sectional area at the 12th rib (EMA) was included in the model (R2 = 54.5, r.s.d. = 2.10%). A better result was achieved when the model included the weight of subcutaneous fat (SLFat) from the shortloin (R2 = 73.8, r.s.d. = 1.59%). A combination of SLFat and the weight of the shortloin muscle (SLMus) negated the need to include either GR or EMA in the model (R2 = 76.1, r.s.d. = 1.52%). The transportability of a model based on HCW, SLFat and SLMus was tested by randomly dividing the dataset and comparing the coefficients and the level of accuracy and precision. Collecting measures of EMA, SLFat and SLMus in boning rooms is potentially feasible. If this can be achieved under commercial conditions, a rigorous method for automatically predicting lean meat yield during boning could be applied. Application of the approach to large-scale research programs, where estimates of lean meat yield are required, would be possible at a reduced cost compared with alternative systems based on full carcass breakdown. A suitable model is given for this purpose.

Meat yield and subjective muscle scores in medium weight steers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
AP Yeates ◽  
WA McKiernan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Medium Weight

The association between visually assessed muscle scores on live steers and their carcasses, eye muscle area, and the yield of saleable and lean meat was determined on 156 steers of mixed breeds (mean carcass weight 282 kg, mean P8 fat depth 13 mm). The contribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to differences in saleable meat yield was also investigated. There was a negative correlation between P8 fat depth and both live ( r = -0.21) and carcass muscle score (r. = -0.31); therefore, the assessors were not scoring fatter steers as having better shape. The correlation between live and carcass muscle scores was 0.79. The correlation between carcass muscle score and eye muscle area was 0.58. When live muscle score, carcass muscle score, or eye muscle area was included in regression models already containing weight and fat depth, there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the amount of variation in saleable and lean meat yield explained by the models. At the same liveweight and fat depth, a change in live muscle score from C (moderately muscled) to B (well muscled) was accompanied by an increase of 1.7% in saleable meat and 2.2% in lean meat, when these were expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. The equivalent change in carcass muscle score in carcasses of the same weight and f a t depth was accompanied by an increase of 1.9% in saleable meat and 2.4% in lean meat. The increased weight of saleable meat was not due to an increase in the dissected fat content of the meat. Weight of subcutaneous fat decreased as muscle score increased (P<0.01). There was no significant association between the amount of intermuscular fat and either live or carcass muscle score (r. = -0.075 and -0.18, respectively).

Effect of Subcutaneous Tissue on Changes in Thigh Circumference Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (08) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
Ryo Yoshii ◽  
Yu Konishi ◽  
Daisuke Ando ◽  
Satoshi Ochiai ◽  
Tetsuo Hagino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCircumference measurements have been used to estimate muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in clinical settings. Measurements of thigh circumference are affected by muscle and subcutaneous fat (SF). In fact, SF could increase over a short period. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF following ACL reconstruction is important. This study’s primary purpose was to examine pre- and post-operative changes in thigh circumference, thigh muscles and SF CSAs in both legs. Secondary, the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF CSAs was examined to demonstrate that circumference measurements could be used to detect atrophy. Quadriceps, hamstrings, and SF CSAs at 15, 10, and 5 cm proximal to the patella were measured by MRI pre- and 4 weeks postoperatively to examine how reconstruction affected those tissues in the thighs. The results showed increases in SF CSA (r=0.72 at 10 cm, r=0.67 at 15 cm) greatly affected thigh circumference in females on the surgical side. In males, increases in SF CSA (r=0.83) at 15- and 5-cm and decreases in quadriceps muscle CSA (r=0.73) at 5 cm affected thigh circumference on the surgical side. Thigh circumference measurements might not reflect actual muscle CSA in ACL patients.

Use of ultrasound in prediction of carcass characteristics in lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
I. Clark ◽  
S. D. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements

Longissimus muscle area, maximum depth and maximum width and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured ultrasonically at the first lumbar vertebra on 1162 lambs. Lambs were rams, ewes and wethers, ranging in age from 3 to 15 mo, with liveweights ranging from 32.5 to 70.2 kg. Subjective conformation scores of the leg, loin and shoulder and body-wall thickness at the GR site (11 cm from the carcass midline between the 12th and 13th ribs) were measured on warm carcasses and were used to determine lean-meat yield. Saleable-meat yield and percentage of saleable-meat yield in each of the primal cuts were also determined by carcass dissection of 57 of the lambs. Stepwise regression equations predicting GR and lean-meat yield from ultrasound measurements, age, (age)2, liveweight and (liveweight)2 had an R2 of 0.49 and 0.47, respectively (P < 0.15). Stepwise regression predicting saleable-meat yield by carcass dissection from ultrasound measurements, age, (age)2, liveweight and (liveweight)2 had an R2 of 0.64, with subcutaneous fat as the only significant regressor (P < 0.001). Stepwise discriminant analysis used to predict leg, loin and shoulder conformation scores from ultrasound measures, liveweight, (liveweight)2, (age)2 and age had R2 values of 0.27, 0.18 and 0.24, respectively (P < 0.15). From these data, ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat and longissimus depth in combination with liveweight and age appear to be valuable predictors of saleable-meat yield as determined by carcass dissection, GR and lean-meat yield but appear to be less useful in prediction of subjective muscling scores, except in the case of small-frame lambs. Key words: Ultrasound, lamb, carcass, meat yield

Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey among Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2393-PUB
Author(s):  
KENICHIRO TAKAHASHI ◽  
MINORI SHINODA ◽  
RIKA SAKAMOTO ◽  
JUN SUZUKI ◽  
TADASHI YAMAKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Survey

Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

Gambling-like video game practices: A cross-sectional study of links with problem gambling and disordered gaming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Clinically Significant

A variety of practices have recently emerged which are related to both video games and gambling. Most prominent of these are loot boxes. However, a broad range of other activities have recently emerged which are also related to both gambling and video games: esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, social casino play, and watching videos of both loot box opening and gambling on game streaming services like Twitch.Whilst a nascent body of research has established the robust existence of a relationship between loot box spending and both problem gambling and disordered gaming, little research exists which examines whether similar links may exist for the diverse practices outlined above. Furthermore, no research has thus far attempted to estimate the prevalence of these activities.A large-scale survey of a representative sample of UK adults (n=1081) was therefore conducted in order to investigate these issues. Engagement in all measured forms of gambling-like video game practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. An aggregate measure of engagement was associated with both these outcomes to a clinically significant degree (r=0.23 and r=0.43). Engagement in gambling-like video game practices appeared widespread, with a 95% confidence interval estimating that 16.3% – 20.9% of the population engaged in these activities at least once in the last year. Engagement in these practices was highly inter-correlated: Individuals who engaged in one practice were likely to engage in several more.Overall, these results suggest that the potential effects of the blurring of lines between video games and gambling should not primarily be understood to be due to the presence of loot boxes in video games. They suggest the existence of a convergent ecosystem of gambling-like video game practices, whose causal relationships with problem gambling and disordered gaming are currently unclear but must urgently be investigated.

Analysis and design of suitable model structures for activated sludge tanks with circulating flow

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alex ◽  
R. Tschepetzki ◽  
U. Jumar ◽  
F. Obenaus ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Model Structures

Activated sludge models are widely used for planning and optimisation of wastewater treatment plants and on line applications are under development to support the operation of complex treatment plants. A proper model is crucial for all of these applications. The task of parameter calibration is focused in several papers and applications. An essential precondition for this task is an appropriately defined model structure, which is often given much less attention. Different model structures for a large scale treatment plant with circulation flow are discussed in this paper. A more systematic method to derive a suitable model structure is applied to this case. Results of a numerical hydraulic model are used for this purpose. The importance of these efforts are proven by a high sensitivity of the simulation results with respect to the selection of the model structure and the hydraulic conditions. Finally it is shown, that model calibration was possible only by adjusting to the hydraulic behaviour and without any changes of biological parameters.

Financial distress determinants among SMEs: empirical evidence from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically investigate determinants of financial distress among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the global financial crisis and post-crisis periods.Design/methodology/approachSeveral statistical methods, including multiple binary logistic regression, were used to analyse a longitudinal cross-sectional panel data set of 3,865 Swedish SMEs operating in five industries over the 2008–2015 period.FindingsThe results suggest that financial distress is influenced by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. the global financial crisis) and, in particular, by various firm-specific characteristics (i.e. performance, financial leverage and financial distress in previous year). However, firm size and industry affiliation have no significant relationship with financial distress.Research limitationsDue to data availability, this study is limited to a sample of Swedish SMEs in five industries covering eight years. Further research could examine the generalizability of these findings by investigating other firms operating in other industries and other countries.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine determinants of financial distress among SMEs operating in Sweden using data from a large-scale longitudinal cross-sectional database.

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