Metabolic profile and oxidative status in goats during the peripartum period

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Adriana Di Trana ◽  
Angelo Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

The aim of this study was to monitor the metabolic profile and oxidative status in goats during the peripartum period. A blood sample was taken from 10 Red Syrian goats on days −21, −3, +1, +14, and +28 from delivery. Samples were assayed for glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and reactive oxygen metabolites, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), leptin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. Blood glutathione peroxidase activity decreased during the postpartum period and its values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on days 14 and 28 postpartum. Albumin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on days −3, 1 and 28 from delivery compared with day −21. Plasma urea levels significantly (P < 0.001) decreased starting from day −3 from delivery. No effect of time from delivery was noted on reactive oxygen metabolites, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, calcium and inorganic phosphorus, insulin and leptin concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity. Plasma concentrations of fT3 were significantly (P < 0.01) higher on days 14 and 28 compared with days −21, −3 and 1 from delivery. Plasma levels of fT4 were significantly (P < 0.01) lower on days −3 and 1 from delivery. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I values slowly decreased during the postpartum period and its values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on day 28. This study indicates that goats experienced moderate oxidative stress during the peripartum period.

Effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) supplementation on the productive performance of dairy cows during mid-lactation

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Herman W. Raadsma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a tea known for its high antioxidant content, was fed (250 g/cow.day) to 8 of 16 Holstein cows for 6 weeks to assess its effect on their performance. Cows were weighed and blood samples were taken on Weeks 0, 3 and 6. Blood samples were centrifuged and plasma was analysed for reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, advanced oxidation protein products and non-esterified fatty acids. Cows were milked two times daily and milk yields were recorded daily for individual cows. On Weeks 0 and 6, individual milk samples were collected from two consecutive milkings, composited, and analysed for somatic cell counts, fat and true protein concentrations. Plasma concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential and non-esterified fatty acids were not affected by Yerba Mate supplementation. Similarly, no effect of Yerba Mate supplementation was noted on milk fat and protein content and on somatic cell counts. This study indicates that supplementation of dairy cows’ diet with Yerba Mate during mid lactation seems to improve milk yield when cows are fed with maize silage; however, even if the effect on milk yield was significant it was quite small and needs to be validated with further studies. Cows’ oxidative status was not affected by Yerba Mate supplementation indicating that the effect of Yerba Mate on their productive performances is not mediated by changes in redox status.

Effect of a high forage : concentrate ratio on milk yield, blood parameters and oxidative status in lactating cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
N. Musco ◽  
R. Tudisco ◽  
M. Grossi ◽  
V. Mastellone ◽  
V. M. Morittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

A feeding strategy that requires a forage:concentrate ratio equal to 70:30, with at least five different herbs in the forage and the use of silages prohibited, has recently been introduced in Italy. Despite the benefits in terms of human health (lower ω6:ω3 ratio, higher conjugated linoleic acid level) of the obtained milk, little information regarding the possible effects on cows’ health is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of such a feeding strategy in dairy cows (90 days in milk at the beginning of the trial) on milk yield and composition, and blood metabolic profile, including the evaluation of oxidative stress. The proposed feeding strategy, compared with a semi-intensive strategy, resulted in an improvement of animal oxidative status (lower levels of reactive oxygen metabolites, higher levels of antioxidant potential and anti-reactive oxygen metabolites) and a significant increase of milk urea only in the first part of the trial. No differences in milk yield and composition were detected throughout the trial.

The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Trana ◽  
P. Celi ◽  
S. Claps ◽  
V. Fedele ◽  
R. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Hot Season

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile of lactating goats during mid lactation. Twenty-four Red Syrian goats were allocated into three groups that were offered the following diets: natural pasture (P), pasture+500 g/h per day of concentrate (PC) and hay plus 500 g/h per day of concentrate (HC). Blood samples were taken in spring (85±7 days in milk (DIM)) and summer (120±7 DIM) and assayed for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), α-tocopherol, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GHS-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Milk yield and milk composition were also measured. SOD, GSH-Px and ROMs levels increased during summer when temperature humidity index values were high. The increase in ROMs in the PC and HC groups could be ascribed to the improved nutritional regime and to their higher production level. The markers of the oxidative status and of the metabolic profile measured in this study indicate that goats may have experienced moderate oxidative stress. It seems that, seasonal rather than nutritional factors have a more pronounced effect on oxidative status markers. Concentrate supplementation sustained milk yield and may represent a useful means to extend the lactation period in dairy goats during late spring and summer.

scholarly journals Aggressive and non-aggressive personalities differ in oxidative status in selected lines of mice ( Mus musculus )

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Costantini ◽  
Claudio Carere ◽  
Doretta Caramaschi ◽  
Jaap M Koolhaas
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Animal Personalities ◽  
Attack Latency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Mice selected for aggression and coping (long attack latency (LAL), reactive coping strategy; short attack latency (SAL), pro-active coping strategy) are a useful model for studying the physiological background of animal personalities. These mice also show a differential stress responsiveness, especially in terms of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity, to various challenges. Since the stress response can increase the production of reactive oxygen species, we predicted that the basic oxidative status of the lines could differ. We found that LAL showed higher serum antioxidant capacity (OXY) than SAL, while no differences emerged for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) or the balance between ROMs and OXY, reflecting oxidative stress. Moreover, the lines showed inverse relationships between ROMs or OXY and body mass corrected for age. The results indicate that variation in oxidative status is heritable and linked to personality. This suggests that different animal personalities may be accompanied by differences in oxidative status, which may predict differences in longevity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Relationship between Plasma Reactive Oxygen Metabolites and Periodontal Condition in the Maintenance Phase of Periodontal Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Machida ◽  
Takaaki Tomofuji ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Mayu Yamane ◽  
Toshiki Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Aim. The present cohort study describes the longitudinal relationship between plasma oxidative status and periodontitis progression during the maintenance phase of treatment.Materials and Methods. Forty-five patients (mean age 58.8 years) were monitored from 2008 to 2013. Periodontal conditions, including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. Measurements of plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and biologic antioxidant potential (BAP) were performed to evaluate plasma oxidative status. The patients were assigned into 2 groups as low and high plasma ROM level using a cut-off value which was median of plasma ROM level at baseline.Results. In the subjects with low plasma ROM level at baseline, changes in mean CAL were positively correlated with changes in plasma ROM levels, bleeding on probing, and plaque control record, but not with PPD. In the subjects with high plasma ROM at baseline, changes in CAL were significantly associated with only PPD at baseline. On the other hands there were no significant associations between changes in CAL and those in plasma BAP levels.Conclusions. When plasma ROM level in periodontitis patients was low, increases in plasma ROM level were associated with those in CAL during the maintenance phase of treatment.

Metabolic and oxidative status of Saanen goats of different parity during the peripartum period

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Radin ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
Silvijo Vince ◽  
Antun Kostelić ◽  
Suzana Milinković-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to research changes in metabolic and antioxidative status of Saanen goats of different parity occurring during the peripartum period. Blood samples were taken on 10–7 and 3–1 d prepartally and 1–3, 14 and 28 d postpartally from goats allocated in three groups according to their parity: primiparous (PRIM), goats that kidded the 2nd or 3rd time (MID), and goats that kidded 4 or more times (MULTI)). Metabolic profile parameters (non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, triglycerides, albumin and urea) and indicators of oxidative stress ((superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were determined. Intense metabolic changes associated with late pregnancy and onset of lactation were pronounced the most in MULTI goats that also had the biggest litter per goat. Significant differences were found in metabolic parameters NEFA, BHB, glucose, triglycerides within groups during peripartum period, as well as between them (the effect of parity). MDA concentrations were indicative of increased lipid peroxidation around parturition, especially pronounced in MULTI group 1–3 d prepartally, when the highest GSH-Px/SOD ratio was also found. Postpartally, antioxidant enzymes ratio in MID and MULTI group decreased while MDA concentrations remained high, suggesting antioxidant system inefficiency. Significant time × group interaction was observed for most of the parameters. The obtained results show that the goats of higher parity display higher levels of metabolism intensity and consequently, varying levels of oxidative stress during the peripartum period. Further studies should determine applicability of NEFA and BHB in periparturient metabolic profiling in dairy goats as well as establish normal ranges and cut-off levels for these biomarkers.

scholarly journals Effects of a Maternal Essential Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation during Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation on Hematologic and Immunological Traits and the Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Status in Blood Plasma of Neonatal Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Wendy Liermann ◽  
Katrin Lena Uken ◽  
Christine Schäff ◽  
Laura Vogel ◽  
Martina Gnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites

Fatty acids are known for their regulatory role in inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study investigated 38 calves born from dams, abomasally supplemented with coconut oil, essential fatty acids (EFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or EFA + CLA, according to immunological traits and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status for the first 5 days of life. On day 2 of life, plasma total bilirubin, cholesterol, interleukin 1-β and ferric ion reducing anti-oxygen power (FRAP) were lower in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation, and FRAP additionally on day 4. On day 3, the concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites were higher in calves with than without maternal EFA supplementation and additionally on day 5 together of retinol. Total leucocyte counts were decreased in the EFA group compared to the CLA group on day 5. Lymphocyte proportions decreased from day 1 to 5 only in the EFA + CLA group. On day 2, plasma total protein was higher in CLA and EFA + CLA than in EFA calves. Similarly, CLA calves had higher interleukin 1-β concentrations compared to EFA + CLA calves. FRAP was decreased by CLA on day 4. Overall, the maternal fatty acid supply affected the inflammatory response and the oxidative and anti-oxidative status of the neonatal offspring.

scholarly journals Production traits, blood metabolic profile and fatty acids of meat and tallow in response to the partial replacement of soybean meal with peas in organic lambs' feed

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonko Antunović ◽  
Željka Klir ◽  
Marcela Šperanda ◽  
Suzana Ćavar ◽  
Boro Mioč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract. The aim of this research was to investigate the production traits, blood metabolic profile and fatty acids of meat and tallow in response to the partial replacement of soybean meal with peas in lambs' feed. The research was conducted on 30 Merinolandschaf lambs of 90 days' age over 30 days. Lambs were fed with feed mixture (1000 g day−1 lamb−1). In the control group protein supplement was soybean meal (SC), while in the experimental groups soybean meal was partially replaced with 13 % peas (P13) and 26 % peas (P26). In the haematological parameters of lambs' blood, concentrations of minerals (Ca, P, Mg and Fe) and biochemical parameters (urea, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulins, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids) as well as enzyme activity (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and CK) were determined. After slaughter, carcass development was measured. Samples of m. semimembranosus and tallow were taken in which concentrations of fatty acids were analysed. Values of meat pH and colour were taken 45 min 24 h post mortem, and water-holding capacity was calculated. By analysing the production properties of lamb, we found that slaughtering characteristics of lamb carcasses, haematological and most of the biochemical indicators did not differ. Urea concentrations were reduced in the blood of lambs in P13 and P26. Concentration of C18:2 n-6 increased in tallow of lambs of group SC compared to group P26 of lambs. The above-mentioned results indicate the possibility of partial replacement of soybean meal with peas in lambs' diets in organic farming without changes in production.

scholarly journals Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. G567-G574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Grisham ◽  
L. A. Hernandez ◽  
D. N. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

A growing body of experimental data indicates that reactive oxygen metabolites such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical may mediate the mucosal injury produced by reperfusion of ischemic intestine. Xanthine oxidase has been proposed as the primary source of these reduced O2 species because pretreatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol or pterin aldehyde prevent postischemic mucosal injury. Another potential source of oxygen radicals is the inflammatory neutrophil. To ascertain whether neutrophils could play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small bowel we examined the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on neutrophil infiltration and tissue levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Our studies demonstrate that reperfusion of ischemic intestines results in a dramatic increase (1,800%) in neutrophil infiltration and a concurrent loss of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase of 60 and 30%, respectively. Catalase activity was unaffected by ischemia-reperfusion. Pretreatment with allopurinol or administration of superoxide dismutase prevented the influx of neutrophils and retarded the drop in reduced glutathione levels. These results suggest a relationship among xanthine oxidase-generated oxy radicals, neutrophil extravasation, and mucosal damage. We propose that ischemia and reperfusion results in xanthine oxidase-generated, superoxide-dependent accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils in the mucosa where neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen metabolites mediate and/or exacerbate intestinal injury.

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