Developing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) varieties for permanent pasture applications in low latitude regions of eastern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
W. M. Kelman ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
L. A. Lane ◽  
B. E. McCorkell
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Selection For

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a potentially important alternative legume for recharge landscapes in the high rainfall zone in eastern Australia. However, in the summer rainfall region in northern New South Wales (NSW) where birdsfoot trefoil has the greatest potential application, flowering and seed set are limited by short daylength. Consequently, existing birdsfoot trefoil cultivars do not set enough seed to develop a seedbank that sustains a productive persistent stand. A breeding program was undertaken to develop birdsfoot trefoil cultivars adapted to short photoperiod to increase the area sown to deep-rooted perennials in the grazing lands in eastern Australia. Three new birdsfoot trefoil experimental varieties, Phoenix, Venture and Matador, were developed through: (1) phenotypic selection within cv. Grasslands Goldie for flowering intensity and pod set, (2) phenotypic selection for these same traits in a broader sample of 49 world-sourced lines, and (3) selection for prostrate growth habit among progeny of pair-crosses between erect and prostrate accessions identified as productive in southern NSW. Following two cycles of selection for flowering prolificacy and pod set, the average number of umbels per stem in the Goldie-derived populations was five times greater than in the commercial Goldie population; this response to selection closely approximated the predicted response based on previous estimates of heritability and phenotypic variance for this trait. In comparison with Goldie, the Syn1 and Syn2 populations of the three experimental varieties consistently expressed earlier flowering maturity and higher seed yield potential in glasshouse and field trials in northern NSW. While germination rate and seedling vigour of the three experimental varieties was slightly less than Goldie, intensive selection pressure on reproductive traits did not compromise seasonal herbage production.

OAC Bright birdsfoot trefoil

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Twamley ◽  
D. T. Tomes ◽  
S. R. Bowley
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Selection For

OAC Bright is a birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivar developed by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph. It was developed by within and among half-sib progeny recurrent selection for seedling vigour and seed yield. OAC Bright has 2% higher seedling vigour and 0.8% higher herbage yield than Leo. It has similar maturity and persistence to Leo. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, cultivar description, seedling vigour, seed yield, recurrent selection

Bruce birdsfoot trefoil

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1094
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
D. Gehl ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Selection For

Bruce birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a 71-clone synthetic variety developed at the Nappan Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, Nova Scotia. Bruce was developed through two cycles of mass selection for plant vigour (top and root growth) and winterhardiness, and one cycle of mass selection for re-growth vigour under grazing. In Atlantic Canada, Bruce produced more forage than the check cultivar Leo during 3 post-seeding years. It was also superior in spring growth with high first-cut herbage yields. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, cultivar description

Breeding improved rice cultivars for temperate regions: a case study

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McKenzie ◽  
CW Johnson ◽  
ST Tseng ◽  
JJ Oster ◽  
DM Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Rice Water

An accelerated rice-breeding program was initiated in 1969 at the California Rice Experiment Station. The program is broad in scope, developing cultivars in all US market classes (long, medium, and short grains) and special purpose types (waxy and aromatics). This grower-funded rice-breeding program has released 27 new cultivars as well as improved germplasm lines. Statewide paddy rice yields have risen from 6.2 to 9.3 t/ha since 1978. The incorporation of semi-dwarfing genes, earlier maturity, and increased yield potential have contributed significantly to increases in grain yield. High experimental yields (>I1 t/ha) are routine and achieving increased increments of yield will become more difficult. After the initial shift to semi-dwarf cultivars, increasing efforts were directed toward improving adaptation to environmental stresses and grain quality. Screening and selection for cold tolerance in the form of seedling vigour for water seeding and resistance to cool temperature induced sterility at the reproductive stage are integral parts of the rice-breeding program. Progress is being made on incorporation into California rice cultivars of resistance to stem rot (Sclerotiurn oryzae Cattaneo) and aggregate sheath spot [Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (Swada) Mordue] from wild species and tolerance to rice water weevil (Lissorhoptus oryzophilus Kuschel). New restrictions and regulations of agronomic management practices may negatively impact rice production, creating problems in stand establishment, soil fertility, and weed, disease, and insect control. Breeding efforts to help minimise the adverse effect of these restrictions on yield and quality will increase in the future. Increased emphasis is being placed on improving milling yield and cooking and processing characteristics, and new laboratory methods are being explored to aid in evaluation and selection for grain quality.

RECURRENT SELECTION FOR SEED YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN LOTUS CORNICULATUS, CULT LEO

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. SANDHA ◽  
B. E. TWAMLEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Seed Yields

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), cult Leo, was used as a base population for a recurrent selection program for seed yield. Objectives were: (1) improvement of seed yield, and (2) comparison of a genotypic and a geno-phenotypic method of selection. Two cycles were completed and evaluated. Seed yields for the genotypic and geno-phenotypic methods were 132 and 158%, respectively, of Leo after two cycles of selection. The geno-phenotypic method proved superior to the genotypic after each cycle. The broad sense heritability (61% for cycles 1 and 2), genotypic standard deviation, and genotypic coefficient of variability estimates (16.9 and 15.0% for cycles 1 and 2) indicated no reduction in genotypic variability with the geno-phenotypic method. However, the variability was practically exhausted with the genotypic method after cycle 2. Thus, further improvement with additional cycles of selection should be possible with the geno-phenotypic method but not with the genotypic method.

Effects of dehydration treatments on germination, seedling vigour, and cytoplasmic leakage in wild oats and birdsfoot trefoil

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. McKersie ◽  
D. T. Tomes
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Percent Germination

The stage in germination at which birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Carroll) seeds and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) embryos became sensitive to dehydration was determined using percent germination, seedling vigour, and cytoplasmic leakage as indicators of cellular damage. Dehydration of seeds or embryos in the early stages of germination did not impair the subsequent germination or vigour of the seedling. In addition, cytoplasmic leakage during rehydration remained low. Dehydration of wild oat embryos grown on a germinating medium for 24 h or of birdsfoot trefoil seeds 18 h after the start of imbibition resulted in decreased germination and vigour and increased cytoplasmic leakage during rehydration. Damage to sensitive birdsfoot trefoil seeds occurred only in samples dehydrated below 20% moisture. The increase in cytoplasmic leakage from damaged seeds presumably reflects a loss in membrane integrity as a result of dehydration which may contribute to the reduced germination and vigour of the seeds.

Regeneration characteristics of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in low latitude environments in eastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
W. M. Kelman ◽  
L. A. Lane ◽  
B. E. McCorkell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Perennial Legume

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a perennial pasture legume with adaptive characteristics and agronomic potential for permanent pastures in the high rainfall temperate zone in eastern Australia. Most birdsfoot trefoil cultivars have been developed for high latitude (>40° north or south) locations, and have long photoperiod (>16 h) requirements for flowering. However, at low latitude (28–32°S) in northern New South Wales (NSW), daylength (~14 h on the summer solstice) provides insufficient photoperiod to stimulate flowering and the level of seed-set needed for effective seedling recruitment. As a precursor to breeding, a study was undertaken to characterise a collection of birdsfoot trefoil populations from low latitude origins. Eight cultivars, two breeding lines and 38 accessions were assessed for flowering prolificacy, seed-set, morphological characteristics and seasonal herbage growth at two sites in northern NSW (Glen Innes 29°42′S, Armidale 30°31′S). None of the cultivars expressed reproductive processes with sufficient intensity to provide the level of seed-set necessary for regeneration. However, three accessions consistently flowered strongly at both sites and expressed desirable agronomic characteristics, and a further 10 accessions and the Australian germplasm BLVR5 flowered strongly at least at one of two sites. These populations provide a genetic base for future cultivar development, so that birdsfoot trefoil might become a perennial legume option for northern NSW and other low latitude regions.

scholarly journals Correlations and Heritability of the Characters Determining the Seed Yield of the Panicle Inflorescence Forms of Alfalfa (Medicago x varia T. Martyn)

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Bodzon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Phenotypic correlation coefficients and heritability of the characters determining seed yield of panicle inflorescence forms of alfalfa was examined. Seed yield per plant, which was positively correlated with 10 generative and morphological traits, depended upon the number of pods per panicle and the number of seeds per pod. Variability of these characters determined about 60% of the variability of seed yield. Multiple linear regression and phenotypic correlations show that simultaneous selection for increased pod number per panicle and increased seed number per pod and number of branches per panicle resulted in enhanced seed yield potential. The share of the additive genetic effects in the phenotypic variance for number of pods per panicle was low and about 23%, while for number of seeds per pod and seeds per panicle amounted to about 75-77% and 56-57% respectively.

AC Langille birdsfoot trefoil

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
W. G. Thomas ◽  
D. B. McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The University

AC Langille is a birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivar developed by the Nappan Research Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It was developed through two cycles of mass selection for winterhardiness and one cycle of mass selection for seedling vigor. The original material was six distinct germplasms selected from the cultivar Leo and released from the Crop Science Department of the University of Guelph. AC Langille is superior to the check cultivar Leo in forage yield and seedling vigor in Atlantic Canada. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, cultivar description, seedling vigor

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) in perennial pastures in eastern Australia. 1. Effects of grazing management on persistence

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
M. J. Blumenthal ◽  
J. W. O'Connor ◽  
L. A. Lane ◽  
H. I. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
South Coast ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lotus Uliginosus

A study was undertaken in the Perennial Pasture Zone in New South Wales, Australia, to investigate the potential of lotus-based pastures (greater lotus, Lotus uliginosus Schukr.; birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L.) to improve grazing production. The study was based on a methodology that combined a grazing experiment to determine the effects of grazing management on lotus persistence, with a co-learning phase to assess the adaptation and applications of lotus across the high rainfall zone. The present paper reports on the grazing experiment that was replicated in 4 regions (North Coast, South Coast, Northern Tablelands, Southern Tablelands) and that included combinations of grazing strategy (summer rest, autumn rest, 14-day spell or 28-day spell), grazing intensity (low or high herbage mass), Lotus species and cultivar (L. uliginosus cvv. Grasslands Maku, Sharnae; L. corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie or ‘Spanish’ breeding line) and companion grass (sown or volunteer) treatments. The experiment provided results for the establishment and botanical presence of both Lotus species, and the expression of their persistence mechanisms in these 4 environments. Greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku established best under coastal conditions and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie established best under tablelands conditions. The degree of nodulation of greater lotus cv. Sharnae and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie was less than nodulation of greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku, but nodulation had no apparent effect on seedling vigour. The population density of all Lotus cultivars declined substantially at the North Coast, South Coast and Southern Tablelands sites during severe drought conditions. However, both birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie and greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku remained relatively stable at the Northern Tablelands site with greater lotus cv. Grasslands Maku maintaining 20–40% presence and birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie retaining 30–50% presence, depending on time of year. In general, there was little effect of grazing management practice on arresting the decline in lotus presence due to drought, or on enhancing the regeneration processes associated with lotus persistence.

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