Effect of fibre supplementation on dag formation and flystrike in sheep grazing spring pastures

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Davidson ◽  
S. J. Chaplin ◽  
C. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Fibre Treatment ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Levels

Sheep on spring pastures may scour excessively due to the low levels of neutral detergent fibre. Scouring leads to dag formation, which predisposes sheep to flystrike, particularly in the breech area, posing a considerable challenge to sheep producers. This trial was undertaken to test whether supplementing sheep on spring pasture with fibre would reduce diarrhoea and thereby reduce dag formation and flystrike. Four hundred first-lambing Merino ewes were randomly allocated to control (no fibre supplementation) and fibre treatment (ad libitum cereal hay or wheat straw supplementation) groups in a 2-paddock crossover trial, which was conducted from August through the spring flush to crutching in October. The bulk fecal egg counts of each group were no different at the start of the trial but the fibre group had a higher (P<0.05) fecal egg count than the control at crutching. Fecal egg count was not correlated with dag score. Fecal dry matter percentage was higher (P<0.05) in the fibre group but there was no difference in dag wet weight or dry matter percentage between the treatment groups. Dag scores of a sample of 100 sheep from each group were significantly (P<0.01) lower at crutching. There was no difference between the groups in the incidence of flystrike, however, there were significantly (P<0.001) more sheep with high dag scores (>3) in the control group than the fibre treatment group. These results indicate that the supplementation of spring pasture with low quality hay or straw can reduce dag formation by improving the consistency of feces and, thereby, reduce the number of sheep with dag scores greater than 3.

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PROTEASE, AMYLASE, AND GELLULASE ACTIVITY OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE AND OF THE CECUM; WEIGHTS OF SMALL INTESTINE AND MUCOSA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four treatments, involving differences in method of feeding and interval between last feed and slaughter, were employed in a study of the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on protease, amylase, and cellulase activity in the intestinal and cecal contents of 16 pairs of weanling pigs. Most consistent results were obtained with six pairs which were limited pair-fed except for the final feeding during which feed was available ad libitum for a 4-hour period ending 18 hours before slaughter. The mean total activities of all three hydrolases in the contents of the small intestines and of the ceca of the antibiotic-fed animals of these six pairs were significantly greater than in those of the control animals. Expressed as activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, significantly higher values for protease and amylase, but not for cellulase, were observed in the pigs that had received chlortetracycline. When the combined results obtained from all 16 pairs of the experimental animals were analyzed, the results showed that on a basis of activity per gram dry matter of intestinal contents, ingested chlortetracycline was associated with significant increases in amylase and cellulase but not in protease activity. Protease, amylase, and cellulase activities per gram dry matter of cecal contents were higher for pigs fed the antibiotic than for their controls. The mean wet weight of the empty small intestine and the mean dry weight of the mucosa scraped from the anterior 3-meter section of the small intestine were lower for the chlortetracycline-fed animals, but the differences were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Intake and growth of steers offered different allowances of autumn grass and concentrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
E. G. O’Riordan ◽  
P. O’Kiely ◽  
P. J. Caffrey ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concentrate Level

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the relationship between autumn grass supply and concentrate supplementation level on grass intake and animal performance. One hundred and ten continental steers (567 kg) were assigned to 10 treatments. The experimental design was a three grass allowances (6, 12 and 18 kg dry matter (DM) per head daily) by three concentrate levels: (0, 2·5 and 5 kg per head daily) factorial with a positive control group offered concentrates ad libitum and no grass. Grass allowance was offered daily and concentrates were given individually. The experiment began on 22 August and all animals were slaughtered after a mean experimental period of 95 days. Grass intake was calculated using the n-alkane technique and diet digestibility using ytterbium acetate as an indigestible marker. There was an interaction (P < 0·05) between grass allowance and concentrate level for grass intake. At the low grass allowance there was no effect of offering animals supplementary concentrates on grass intake, at the medium and high grass allowances, supplementary concentrates reduced grass intake by 0·43 and 0·81 kg DM respectively per kg DM concentrate offered. Increasing grass allowance increased (P < 0·001) complete diet organic matter (OM) digestibility at all concentrate levels and supplementary concentrates increased (P < 0·001) complete diet OM digestibility only at the low grass allowance. Both offering animals supplementary concentrates (P < 0·001) and increasing daily grass allowance (P < 0·001) increased their carcass growth rate. Relative to the animals offered the low grass allowance and no concentrate, supplementing with concentrate increased carcass growth by 116 g/kg concentrate DM eaten whereas increasing the grass allowance, increased carcass growth by 38 g/kg DM grass eaten. As a strategy for increasing the performance of cattle grazing autumn grass, offering supplementary concentrates offers more scope than altering grass allowance.

Effects of parasitic status and level of feeding motivation on the diet selected by sheep grazing grass/clover swards

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. HUTCHINGS ◽  
I. J. GORDON ◽  
E. ROBERTSON ◽  
I. KYRIAZAKIS ◽  
F. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection Of

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of parasitic status and level of feeding motivation on the diet selected by sheep grazing perennial ryegrass/white clover swards. Twenty-four female Scottish Blackface weaned lambs were divided into four treatment groups each of six animals. Pre-grazing treatments were imposed to create two levels of feeding motivation, low (fed ad libitum) and high (0·60 of ad libitum diet) and two parasitic states, parasitized (daily dose of 2500 L3Ostertagia circumcincta) and non-parasitized. Each treatment group was placed in one of four 0·35 ha field plots and allowed to graze a mixed grass/clover sward. Mean clover height was manipulated pre-grazing by cutting so that it was less than the mean grass height. This maximized the probability that clover in the diet of sheep was due to selection. No fertilizer was added to the sward in order to ensure that the nitrogen content of the clover was higher than that of the grass. Each treatment group was rotated around the four plots on a daily basis for 2 weeks. Sheep with a high feeding motivation strongly and significantly selected clover and had a higher proportion of clover in their diet compared with sheep with low feeding motivation. Parasitic status had no significant effect on the diet selection of sheep; but the level of parasitic burden within parasitized sheep was positively correlated with the proportion of clover in the diet. Parasitized sheep spent less time grazing each day and had lower daily herbage intakes compared with non-parasitized sheep. This was a result of a reduction in the duration of feeding bouts and not a reduced number of bouts per day. Sheep with the higher feeding motivation had a greater number of feeding bouts per day and this resulted in those animals having a greater daily herbage intake. Level of feeding motivation had greater effects on the diet selection of sheep than parasitic status. Sheep with a high feeding motivation are able to select strongly for clover in their diet when there is low overall clover availability and are capable of dramatically affecting the species composition of a sward. This has implications to the maintenance of a desired grass/clover ratio in grazed swards.

Long-term persistence of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) cultivars in south-western Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Clark ◽  
RM McDonald ◽  
HC Street
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Level Of Invasion ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Western Victoria

The long-term persistence of 6 subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) cultivars was determined by sampling seed from 2 experiments at Hamilton and Beeac in south-western Victoria, 8 or 12 years after sowing. For most of this period the plots were managed as part of the surrounding pasture and were closely grazed by sheep. Herbage yield measurements were made and seed was collected from each plot and grown in a glasshouse, in order to identify the cultivar(s) present. Cultivars used were Yarloop, Trikkala, Larisa and Meteora (spp. yanninicum), and Mount Barker and Woogenellup (spp. subterranean). At both sites, plots sown to Trikkala and Larisa had the greatest seed banks and experienced the lowest level of invasion by other cultivars or ecotypes. Mount Barker and Yarloop appeared to have persisted at low levels; their plots were moderately invaded. Plots sown to the unsuccessful Woogenellup were heavily invaded and contained only a small seed bank of Woogenellup seed. Eight to 12 years after sowing, plots at Hamilton and Beeac that were sown to Larisa produced 3-15 times as much clover dry matter in spring as plots sown to Mount Barker. At Hamilton, the plots sown to Trikkala produced 3 times as much clover in winter as those sown to Mount Barker. This study indicates that Trikkala and Larisa offer clear advantages over the older cultivars, Mount Barker and Woogenellup, for the high rainfall areas of western Victoria, by demonstrating their persistence and long-term productivity when subjected to normal sheep-grazing practice.

scholarly journals Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening Lamb diets

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Jovan Stojkovic ◽  
Zlatan Sinovec ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
O 15 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Average Body

The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control ? K and experimental ? O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps? milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel? S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.

Production and glutathione responses to rumen-protected methionine in young sheep grazing dry pastures over summer and autumn

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mata ◽  
D. G. Masters ◽  
N. L. Chamberlain ◽  
P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

The aims of the experiment were to evaluate, in weaner sheep grazing dry annual pastures, the production responses and changes in blood and tissue glutathione concentrations to a methionine formulation (Lactet) protected from microbial breakdown in the rumen. Two groups of 60 weaner wether sheep, weighing 32·8 kg, were supplemented with lupin grain containing either nil (control) or 9 g Lactet per day. Lactet provided 3 g of protected methionine per day. The sheep grazed dry pastures and were rotated through 2 plots every week from December to June. After June the treatment ceased and the sheep grazed as one group until shearing in September. The sheep given Lactet grew 340 g more clean wool with a greater fibre diameter (1·2 µm) than the control sheep. Lactet supplementation increased liveweights during treatment and for 3 months following treatment. Faecal dry matter output was significantly increased by Lactet supplements and the effects were maintained in the post-treatment period, indicating that Lactet supplementation increased dry matter intake. Glutathione concentrations were significantly increased in whole blood, liver, and muscle but not in skin. Changes due to season were greater than changes due to treatment. It was concluded that glutathione in blood or tissues, although responsive at times, was not a reliable indicator of sulfur amino acid intake or status. Significant increases in total body water, protein, ash, fat, and total body energy were observed relative to the control group following Lactet supplementation. We conclude that young sheep grazing dry annual pastures in summer and autumn have the potential to respond to supplements of rumen-protected methionine even at low energy intakes from low quality pastures and show improvements in wool quality and quantity as well as liveweight and intake.

scholarly journals Villous height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cows' milk after weaning

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
I. H. Williams ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe hypothesis tested in this experiment was that the structure and function of the small intestine of piglets given a milk liquid diet after weaning depends on their level of energy intake. At weaning (28 days), 42 piglets were allocated to one of five treatments: (1) control group killed at weaning; (2) piglets offered a dry starter diet ad libitum; (3) piglets given cow's fresh milk at maintenance energy intake (Ma); (4) piglets given cow's fresh milk at 2-5 Ma; and (5) piglets given cow's fresh milk ad libitum. On the 5th day all piglets were killed and samples of gut were taken for histological and biochemical examination. Piglets given milk ad libitum grew faster (P < 0·001) than piglets on all other treatments. Piglets offered the dry starter diet ingested similar quantities of dry matter and energy, and grew at the same rate as piglets given cows' milk at 2·5 Ma. As predicted, piglets given milk at maintenance energy intake grew slower (P < 0·001) and consumed less food (P < 0·001) than piglets in all other treatments. For piglets given both cows' fresh milk and the dry starter diet, there were significant linear relationships (r = 0·72 to 0·82, P < 0·05) between villous height and crypt depth with dry matter (energy) intake after weaning. In turn, mean villous height in both milk-fed and starter-fed piglets was significantly correlated (r = 0·68 to 0·79, P < 0·05) to empty body-weight gain in the first 5 days after weaning. Estimates of digestive enzyme activity and absorptive capacity of the gut did not corroborate the large differences seen between treatments in villous height and crypt depth, and possible reasons are discussed. These data illustrate the interdependence between voluntary food intake and mucosal architecture in determining piglet performance after weaning.

Growth patterns in sheep: the effects of weight losses on compensatory growth and feed intake in Corriedale sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Butler-Hogg ◽  
N. M. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYThe growth and feed intakes of Corriedale wether sheep when grown from 30 to 50 kg body weight by five different growth paths are described.Group A (control) grew continuously (fed ad libitum). After reaching ca; 40 kg body weight, group B and C animals lost 21% of their initial body weight over 9 and 18 weeks and at 122 and 63 g/day, respectively, and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight. Group D and E animals were ca. 50 kg body weight when weight loss was imposed and they lost body weight at similar rates (125 and 157 g/day) respectively. Animals in group D lost 34% of their initial body weight over 18 weeks and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight (the same as groups B and C). Group E animals lost 23% of their initial body weight over 9 weeks to begin realimentation at 35 kg body weight. Except during periods of weight loss, animals were fed ad libitum. Compensatory growth was observed in all groups which had lost weight, with early recovery growth rates 1·6–1·8 times higher than control sheep of the same weight.Rate of body-weight loss did not induce any significant differences in response to realimentation but results (groups B and C) suggest that the more rapid the loss, the more rapid will recovery be during realimentation. When sheep at different body weights lost the same proportion of their initial body weights, the heavier sheep (group E) attained final slaughter weight quicker than the lighter sheep (group B). When the proportion of body weight lost to reach a particular lower body weight was varied (groups B and D), the greater weight loss was associated with higher and more persistent growth rates during realimentation.After weight loss, ad libitum dry-matter intake was significantly lower during the first 10 kg of gain during realimentation in all treatment groups (B, C, D, E) than in control group A. There were no differences between treatment groups in recovery of dry-matter intake.Gross efficiency in all treatment groups was higher than in the control group A during the first 10 kg of recovery of body weight, but it then declined rapidly. This increase in gross efficiency was considered to be due to a combination of increased growth rates, reduced feed intakes and lower maintenance requirements. When the complete growth paths from 30 to 50 kg were considered, there were no significant differences in total feed consumed by the sheep following the five different growth paths.

Effect of supplements of molasses and urea on intake and digestibility of native pasture hay by steers

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Ernst ◽  
JF Limpus ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum

Ten steers (five Shorthorns and five Brahman crossbreds) were individually housed in digestibility crates and fed low quality native pasture hay (0.47 % N) with the following supplements- 1. nil ; 2. molasses ; 3. urea ; 4. urea-molasses ; 5. urea-molasses. The hay was fed ad libitum except in treatment 5 where it was fed at the same level of roughage intake as in treatment 2. Intake and digestibility were recorded. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 had roughage dry matter intakes 27.8 %, 14.6 % and 65.4 % respectively greater than the hay alone group. There was no significant effect of treatment compared with the control group on the apparent digestibility of dry matter or organic matter, but the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly improved by a supplement containing urea. There was no effect of breed on apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter or crude protein but Brahman crossbreds consumed 20.0 % more dry matter than Shorthorns after intakes had been corrected for metabolic size.

scholarly journals Produksi dan Komposisi Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang Diberi Suplemen Daun Katu (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) pada Awal Masa Laktasi (Milk Production and Milk Composition of Ettawa Crossbred Goat, Fed Katu Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) as

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marini Putri Marwah ◽  
Yustina Yuni Suranindyah ◽  
Tridjoko Wisnu Murti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Village

<p>This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of katu leaves as feed supplement on milk production and milk composition of Ettawa Crossbred goat during early lactation. The experiment was conducted in the village of Kemiri<br />kebo, Girikerto, Turi, Sleman started from June, 27 until August, 27 2009. The experiment used 8 pregnant goats weighing 36 to 55 kg. The goats were divided into 2 treatments, those were control and treatment groups. The goats in<br />control group received basal feed as much as 10% dry matter of body weight, consisted of calliandra and concentrates with a ratio of 9 to 1 respectively. The treated goats were fed with the same basal feed as those in the control group and<br />supplemented with katu leaves at 0,06% of bodyweight. The examination was conducted to collect data on feed intake, milk production, composition of colostrum and milk. Data were statistically analyzed with T-test. The result showed that katu leaves supplementation as much as 0,06% of body weight was able to increase protein level of colostrum significantly but had no significant effect on feed intake, milk production, and milk composition.</p><p><br />(Key words: Ettawa Crossbred goat, Katu leaves, Milk production and composition)<br /><br /></p>

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