Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser effects on dry matter yield, water use efficiency and nutritive characteristics of summer forage crops in south-west Victoria

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
F. R. McKenzie ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
South West ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Dryland Crops

Summer forage crops form an integral component of feed rations to meet the dietary requirements of dairy cows in south-west Victoria. Irrigation of such crops has the potential to increase the availability of feed of high nutritive value. The effect of irrigation strategies and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on forage crop accumulation rates, dry matter yield, water use efficiency and nutritive characteristics was determined at each harvest over 2 summers. The crops used were Hunter (Brassica campestris L. × Brassica napus L.), Graza (a complex hybrid of Raphanus sativus L. with introgression from Raphanus maritimus L. and Brassica oleracea L.) and Shirohie millet (Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno). Irrigation treatments were dryland control, weekly irrigation to 100% of estimated requirements, weekly irrigation to 50% of estimated requirements and 25% of estimated requirements every second week. Following sowing and after each harvest, N was applied at either 50 or 100 kg N/ha (brassica crops, 3 applications; millet, 2 applications). In both years, fully irrigated crops produced higher dry matter yields than the dryland crops for all species. For Hunter and Graza, full irrigation also resulted in higher dry matter yields than irrigating every second week. Nitrogen at the higher application rate led to higher dry matter yields for Graza in both years and for millet in year 1. Irrigation had inconsistent effects on the nutritive characteristics of all species. Metabolisable energy content ranged from 10.1 to 13.6, 9.8 to 13.3 and 8.2 to 11.3 MJ/kg dry matter for Hunter, Graza and millet, respectively. Nitrogen application at 100 kg N/ha resulted in higher crude protein content for Hunter and Graza at the second and third harvests and for millet at the second harvest at 50 kg N/ha in both years. Water use efficiencies (irrigation plus effective rainfall) varied according to species with all dryland crops having higher water use efficiencies than the irrigated crops. Total water use efficiencies ranged from 21 to 55, 17 to 39 and 28 to 86 kg dry matter/ha.mm for Hunter, Graza and millet, respectively. In contrast, water use efficiencies from applied irrigation water ranged from 0 to 18 kg dry matter/ha.mm for Hunter, 5 to 18 kg dry matter/ha.mm for Graza and 3 to 33 kg dry matter/ha.mm for millet. Economic assessments indicated average costs for dryland Hunter, Graza and millet to be AU$94, $124 and $76/t dry matter and average costs for fully irrigated crops to be $57, $67 and $51/t dry matter, respectively. This study indicates there is potential to economically irrigate these species to provide additional dry matter of medium to high nutritional value to feed lactating dairy cows through late spring and summer. The data also indicate that for the irrigation of summer forage crops in this environment, the most efficient use of limited water supplies is likely to be a weekly application of water at 50% of the estimated perennial pasture requirements.

Modelling inter-annual variation in dry matter yield and precipitation use efficiency of perennial pastures and annual forage crops sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jesus Ojeda ◽  
Octavio Pedro Caviglia ◽  
Jorge Gonzalo Nicolás Irisarri ◽  
Mónica Graciela Agnusdei
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Precipitation Use Efficiency

Discrimination in Carbon Isotopes of Leaves Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Field-Grown Peanut Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

WATER UPTAKE AND USE BY MORPHOLOGICALLY CONTRASTING MAIZE/PEA CULTIVARS IN SOLE AND INTERCROPS IN TEMPERATE CONDITIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. L. KANTON ◽  
M. D. DENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Growth and water use of sole crops and intercrops of morphologically contrasting maize and pea cultivars were measured in two years. The maize cultivars were Nancis with erectophile and Sophy with planophile leaves and the pea cultivars Maro a leafy pea and Princess a semi-leafless pea. In the first part of the season water use was lower for sole maize but intercrops and sole pea used similar amounts of water. By 90 days after sowing, when peas had matured, all crops had used similar amounts of water. Maize had slightly greater water use efficiency than peas. Cultivars Nancis and Princess tended to have greater water use efficiency than Sophy and Maro respectively. Intercrops produced more dry matter than sole crops and therefore had consistently greater water use efficiencies.

scholarly journals Irrigated dairy pasture yield and water use efficiency responses to summer applied nitrogen

2006 ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Mckenzie ◽  
J.L. Jacobs ◽  
G.N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to maximise the conversion of summer (October to April) irrigation water to pasture dry matter (DM) in southwest Victoria, Australia. DM consumed increased with increasing N (0 to 100 kg N/ha per grazing, and 50 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing). Applications of 75 to 100 kg N/ha every grazing, and 150 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing resulted in the highest water use efficiencies (improvements of 25 to 70% in Year 1, 40 to 63% in Year 2). Applications of 25 kg N/ha every grazing and 50 kg N/ha every second grazing led to the highest N response efficiencies (10 to 19 kg DM/kg N). The increases in DM consumed in response to N fertiliser were similar to responses noted for N applied during autumn, winter and spring in similar environments to the current experiments. Keywords: dry matter, perennial ryegrass, urea, water use efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique (PRD) on the Total Dry Matter, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Tunisian Semi-Arid Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béchir Ben Nouna ◽  
Mourad Rezig ◽  
Hassouna Bahrouni ◽  
Haroun Ben Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Three field experiments were conducted in the plot of Technical Centre for Potato and Artichoke during three cropping season  2009, 2010 and 2011.The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the partial root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) on the dry matter, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of potato (Spunta Variety). Four treatments were applied from the initiation of tuberisation stage to potato harvesting: FI treatment received 100% of Etc; PRD<sub>80</sub>, PRD<sub>70</sub>, and PRD<sub>60</sub> treatments received respectively: 80, 70 and 60% of FI at each irrigation event and it was shifted between the two sides of the plants every 2 to 10 days. The highest water consumption was observed in FI as 336.5, 376, and 341.8 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the lowest was found in PRD<sub>60</sub> as 280.4, 294.5, and 256.1 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. The maximum tuber yield was obtained from the FI as 25.6, 42.9 and 39.1 tha<sup>-1</sup>, in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no significant difference between FI and PRD<sub>60</sub> with respect to tuber yields (LSD 5%).The highest water use efficiency (WUE<sub>Y</sub>) was found in PRD<sub>60</sub> as 13.4 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, in the second experiment (2010) and the lowest was found in PRD<sub>80</sub> as 6.8 kg m<sup>-3</sup> in the first experiment (2009). In the other hand, a linear relation between the accumulated total dry matter and the accumulated water consumption was able to be revealed.</p>

Water use, yield and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under varying IW-CPE ratios and fertilizer levels in South West Rajasthan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dhaker ◽  
R. K. Dubey ◽  
R. C. Tiwari ◽  
S. K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
South West ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

A field experiment was conducted at Udaipur for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 with aim to rationalize the water use and enhance the productivity of fenugreek through use of appropriate IW-CPE ratio and fertilizer level. Results show that IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 registered significantly higher pooled seed yield (1833 kg ha-1) to an extent of 45.48, 27.50 and 11.90% and pooled haulm yield (5111 kg ha-1) to a level of 41.42, 23.72 and 10.26% over lower IW-CPE ratios 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. However, pooled seed and haulm yield were statistically at par between IW-CPE ratios of 1.0 and 1.2. IW-CPE of 1.0 also recorded significantly higher pooled consumptive use (211.91 mm ha-1) over lower IW-CPE ratios. Water use efficiency (WUE) under IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 (8.63 kg grain mm-1 ha-1) was indifferent to IW-CPE ratio of 1.2 however; these treatment registered significantly lower pooled WUE values than various lower IW-CPE ratios. IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 also registered significantly higher pooled dry matter plant-1 at 40 and 80 days (1.40 and 11.97 g, respectively) and at harvest (17.07 g) over different lower IW-CPE ratios. IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 fetched significantly higher pooled net return (Rs 58442 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.53) over lower IW-CPE ratios but variations were indifferent with IW-CPE ratio of 1.2. Among fertility levels, 40 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 registered significantly higher pooled yield (seed: 1721 kg ha-1 and haulm: 4777 ha-1), consumptive use (173.59 mm ha-1), WUE (10.40 kg grain mm-1 ha-1), dry matter plant-1 at 40 days (1.34 g), 80 days (11.67 g) and at harvest (16.39 g), net return (Rs 54176 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.33) but variations were indifferent with 60 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in pooled seed and haulm yield, consumptive use, WUE, dry matter plant-1 at 40 and 80 days and harvest and net return.

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