Effect of town microclimate on the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Dominiak ◽  
H. S. Mavi ◽  
H. I. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Weekly data from the urban and rural environments of numerous Australian inland towns were used to assess the impact of urban environments on the potential growth rate of the Queensland fruit fly. The urban environments were warmer and more moist than adjacent rural environments, making rural landscapes less attractive for fruit fly. Further analysis of climatic data revealed an acute negative water balance during the summer season. Under this harsh environment, the health and greenness of urban backyards and parks is maintained with frequent use of urban irrigation. This study aims to quantify the impact of urban hydrology on environmental conditions for the population potential of Queensland fruit fly in south-eastern New South Wales. CLIMEX, a climate-driven simulation model, was used in this study. Results indicated that throughout the winter season, low temperatures kept the Queensland fruit fly under control, irrespective of any other factor, including favourable moisture conditions. During summer, moisture was the major limiting factor. Even partial irrigation reduced the limiting effects of the deficiency of rainfall often experienced during midsummer. Irrigation also resulted in a large increase in the duration of the favourable period for the potential growth of fruit fly and an almost complete removal of unfavourable periods. When irrigation water was applied at optimal or excessive levels, the duration of favourable conditions for the Queensland fruit fly extended beyond the summer season. For the Queensland fruit fly, towns appear to be oases compared with the surrounding rural desert. Queensland fruit fly is unlikely to travel freely between towns, minimising chances of reinvasion once a resident population has been eliminated.

scholarly journals Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl.) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Cristina Mantoni ◽  
Davide Bergamaschi ◽  
Lorenzo Fortini ◽  
Francisco J. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Modelling the dispersion of benzene emissions from a proposed ethanol producing facility in Farewell-Oshawa of Toronto, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Pollutant Transformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Insight Into

The production and use of biofuels such as ethanol have been the target of intensive research. One source of ethanol is corn, which is abundant in many countries. In producing ethanol from corn, an assessment of the environmental impact of the process is needed. This study intends to provide insight into benzene emitted from a proposed biofuel plant, its dispersion behavior, and the effects it may have on the immediate environment. Three-season (January, April, and June) dispersion results of benzene emissions from the proposed ethanol-producing facility are evaluated by using the CALPUFF modelling system. Within the framework of the CALPro software, ambient benzene concentrations are modelled over a 24-hour period of exposure by considering the impact of pollutant transformation and removal, and meteorological factors such as wind direction and speed, and temperature. Simulations are performed for the plant area located in Farewell, Oshawa, Ontario, based on the emission and meteorological dataset for the year 2013. The modeling domain covers the area of 30 × 30 km2 with the grid spacing of 150 m. The number of grid lines is taken as 200 for each axis, and the dispersion of benzene emissions is simulated in nine vertical layers of the domain of study. Based on simulated one-hour and 24-hour average benzene concentrations, pollution dispersion results show that the maximum concentrations are recorded as 4.585 and 0.403 µg/m3 at 17h00 LST on hourly basis and on 24-hour basis, respectively, for the winter season. For the spring season, the highest concentrations are measured as 1.345 and 0.136 µg/m3 at 21h00 LST for one-hour and 24-hour periods, respectively. For the summer season, the peak benzene concentrations are found to be 1.085 and 0.277 µg/m3 at 01h00 LST. The results indicate that none of the months exceeds the half-hour limit of 7 µg/m3 set by Ontario Regulation 419/05, but they surpass the Ontario Regulation 419 Schedule 3 limit of 0.01 µg/m3 for a 24-hour dispersion period. This information may prove invaluable to further research on the impacts of the ethanol-production process on the environment.

The Impact of Urbanization on Stature and bmi in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kopczyński ◽  
Łukasz Sobechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of the stature and body mass of men from the Kingdom of Poland who were drafted into the 1913/14 Russian army finds that Christians and Jews born in Warsaw were taller than their counterparts from small towns and villages. However, conscripts from Warsaw had less body mass than did conscripts from rural regions; the body mass index (bmi) of a significant proportion of the Warsaw contingent indicates nutritional deficiency. The difference in stature between inhabitants of Warsaw and those of the provinces is attributable to the dietary advantages of the urban environment. The higher bmi of the conscripts from the provinces derived from their greater muscle mass, achieved through the hard labor typical of rural environments. Young males in Warsaw tended to economize on food to spend more on the amusements typical of urban environments, not usually conducive to muscular development.

scholarly journals Effects of the season on physiological and endocrine traits and on HSP70 in Saanen goats under Mediterranean climate conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
MURAT YILMAZ ◽  
TUFAN ALTIN ◽  
FUNDA KIRAL ◽  
TURGAY TAŞKIN ◽  
GAMZE SEVRI EKREN AŞICI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to determine the impact of heat stress on some physiological and endocrine traits in Saanen goats raised under Mediterranean climate conditions. The effects of thermal stress on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) on plasma total trii-odothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), Cortisol (C), and HSP70 concentrations were evaluated on twenty two Saanen goats of different ages in the second week of April 2013, July 2013, October 2013 and January 2014. Climatic data such as temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were recorded from Spring 2013 to Winter 2014. Live body and BCS values were also recorded during this period. The physiological parameters above were measured twice on each experiment day (morning and afternoon) in all seasons. Blood samples were collected in each afternoon of the experiment day to analyze T3, T4 C, and HSP70. All data were analyzed. According to the values of rectal temperature (RT), it was estimated that the goats were under extreme heat stress only in the summer season. The heart rate (HR) values in the winter season for morning and noon periods were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average respiratory rate (RR) in the spring season was found significantly lower. On the other hand, the RR for the noon period in the summer was higher than in the fall and winter seasons (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between summer and fall seasons for C values. The highest value (96.62 ng/ml) was obtained in spring, whereas the lowest (60.58 ng/ml) in the fall. T3 levels in the fall and winter were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). They were the highest in the winter and spring, and the lowest in fall. T4 and T4/T3 levels in the winter were found to be statistically higher than in other seasons (p < 0.05). The lowest value for T4 was found in the fall and for T4/T3 in summer. Mean HSP70 value in spring was found to be statistically low (p < 0.05). The changes in THI values in different seasons, particularly between mornings and afternoons, indicated that thermal stress was evident, and that the animals became resistant to it eventually. The fluctuations of the C, T3, T4 and HSP70 values were indicators of the animals’ reaction to thermal stress. The THI values in spring, which were between 16 and 18 THI, may be considered within the ideal comfort zone for goats. It was observed that Saanen goats were able to adapt to seasonal weather changes in the environmental conditions of the region....

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Solar Radiation Availability in Dry Climate Urban Environment Forested Areas, in Mendoza, Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mariela Edith Arboit ◽  
E. Betman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
The Impact

The study proposes determining the potential of solar collection in urban environments, considering urban building different morphological variables corresponding to representative urban settings in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (AMM), Argentina. The methodology involves monitoring the global solar irradiance on the vertical plane in North facades, completely sunny and partly sunny, affected by solid masking and masking woodland.Results obtained so far indicate that solar masking is critical for vertical surfaces, with a reduction of the available solar energy between 2% and 66% in the winter season, depending on the type of trees and the building morphology. In the summer season, the measured solar masking values range from a maximum of 83% and a minimum of 10% influence of surface shaded by the neighboring buildings and trees. The results demonstrate the impact of the main variables that determine access to the sun in an urban environment (Urban Tree Canopy, Building Morphology, Building Height, Urban Street Width)The study will allow for future reform and progressive updating of urban and building codes to implement higher levels of energy efficiency for and minimum environmental impact by urban buildings, considering the principal urban building variables.

Views of female students on the future professional and family life

2020 ◽  
Vol 595 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Sławomir Cudak
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Future ◽  
Life Model ◽  
Employment Of Women

The family is an important value for women in the hierarchy of the axiological system. The model of a traditional family where the father works professionally and the mother brings up the children is a thing of the past. There is a significant increase in the employment of women (including wives and mothers) not only because of economic needs. They also have aspirations to achieve a professional career. The aim of the study was to find out the views of women (female students) in the area of their future professional and family lives. The research adopted the method of a diagnostic survey, including the survey and interview technique. 142 women (female students) took part in the research which was conducted in the Łódź region in the first quarter of 2019. The study results prove that family and work, including professional career, are of equal values for the surveyed women. Their structure of their future family will be formed with one or two children. Most of the surveyed women from urban environments (19.2%) as compared to rural environments (12.5%) want to achieve success at work, including a professional career, in their future lives. The above-mentioned components in the future life of the surveyed women in the form of the structure of their family, work and professional career allow for the formulation of a view on the further transformation of a family life model in its functions, structure and social parenting roles.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOINVERTA ORAIENSIS IN FRESH WATER FISH, CLARIAS BATRACHUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADITYA NARAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Water Fish

The present investigation deals with the prevalence of infection of cestode, Pseudoinverta oraiensis19 parasitizing Clarias batrachus from Bundelkhand Region (U.P.) India. The studies were recorded from different sampling stations of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. For this study 360 fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus were examined. The incidence of infection, monsoon season (17.50%) followed by winter season (20.00%) whereas high in summer season (30.00%).

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

APPLICATION OF SHIFTING ASSAY OF STANDARDIZED INDIRECT AGGLUTINATION (SSIA) FOR DETECTION OF ANTIGENS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUSES IN CHICKEN FAECES

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phạm Hồng Sơn ◽  
Phạm Hồng Kỳ ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương ◽  
Phạm Thị Hồng Hà
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

. Using the method of shifting assay of standardized indirect agglutination (SSIA), the prevalence of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) and infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) in chickens reared in several districts of Thua Thien Hue province in the Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter seasons was determined. In the Spring-Summer season of 2011, about 22.3% of the chickens were infected with NDV, in which A Luoi  accounted for the highest percentage of 25% of the infected chickens and Huong Thuy  the lowest  of 18.2%. Meanwhile, 36% of the same chickens were infected with IBDV, with the highest percentage (46.66%) also in A Luoi and the lowest (30.3%) also in Huong Thuy. The intensity of NDV infection in the Spring-Summer season in A Luoi and Phu Vang was highest (GMT = 1.45), and in Huong Thuy lowest (GMT = 1.31). In addition, in the Fall-Winter season, about 46% of the chickens were infected with NDV and 46.3% with IBDV in Huong Thuy and Phu Vang – two neighbouring districts of Hue City, in which NDV was detected in 54.4% of the chickens in Huong Thuy and 33.9% in Phu Vang. In contrast, IBDV was detected in 41.9% and 52.7% of the chickens respectively in the two districts. The infection was not inter-dependent. Methodically, although the differences in the infection rates were insignificant with the accuracy of 95%, faecal samples showed higher sensitivity in SSIA analyses for both cases of NDV and IBDV infection in comparision with mouth exudates. By SSIA method, results could be read clearly with unaided eyes for a long time after the performance, and it was also proven applicable for cases of haemagglutinating viruses if proper treatments for depletion of animal RBCs’ surface agglutinins could be applied.

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