Resistance to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. in a wild Cicer germplasm collection

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Nguyen ◽  
P. W. J. Taylor ◽  
R. J. Redden ◽  
R. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Australian Isolate ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Cicer Species ◽  
Resistant Accession

Cultivated chickpea germplasm collections contain a low frequency of ascochyta blight resistant accessions. This might lead to limitations on the future progress of chickpea breeding worldwide. In an effort to identify novel sources of resistance to ascochyta blight, 56 unique accessions, comprising 8 annual wild Cicer species, were evaluated under a controlled environment that was optimal for infection with an aggressive Australian isolate of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse. The majority of wild Cicer accessions were either susceptible or highly susceptible to A. rabiei 21 days after inoculation; however, 11 accessions, of which 7 were Cicer judaicum, were resistant. The most resistant accession detected in this study, ATC 46934, together with accessions ATC 46892 and ATC 46935, which were resistant in this and another study, should be targeted for use in future interspecific resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of novel sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in a collection of wild Cicer accessions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby E. Newman ◽  
Silke Jacques ◽  
Christy Grime ◽  
Fiona L. Kamphuis ◽  
Robert C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Cicer Echinospermum ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Chickpea production is constrained worldwide by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of ascochyta blight (AB). In order to reduce the impact of this disease, novel sources of resistance are required in chickpea cultivars. Here, we screened a new collection of wild Cicer accessions for AB resistance and identified accessions resistant to multiple, highly pathogenic isolates. In addition to this, analyses demonstrated that some collection sites of Cicer echinospermum harbour predominantly resistant accessions, knowledge that can inform future collection missions. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study identified regions of the Cicer reticulatum genome associated with AB resistance and investigation of these regions identified candidate resistance genes. Taken together, these results can be utilised to enhance the resistance of chickpea cultivars to this globally yield-limiting disease.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) to ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
M. Koleva ◽  
Y. Stanoeva ◽  
I. Kiryakov ◽  
A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Sources Of Resistance

scholarly journals First Report of Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea Caused by Ascochyta rabiei in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Galdames ◽  
M. Mera
Keyword(s):  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Disease Resistance Breeding ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Stem Lesions

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants with foliar and stem lesions fitting the description of Ascochyta blight were observed in October 2002 in four chickpea crops located in the La Araucania Region (38°S, 72°24′W) in southern Chile. Large, circular foliar and stem lesions containing pycnidia arranged in concentric circles were observed (1). Stem breakage also was observed. Isolates were obtained from mature pycnidia developed on stems by culturing a spore suspension on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and chickpea seed meal agar. A pathogenicity test was performed by inoculating 25 plants with a suspension of 1.2 × 105 conidia ml-1 and incubating at 22°C and 75% relative humidity. Foliar and stem lesions were observed 5 and 7 days after inoculation, respectively. Four check plants sprayed with sterile distilled water showed no symptoms. Fungal colonies obtained from inoculated plants showed the same cultural characteristics as the original isolates. Cultural morphology was consistent with the description of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph Didymella rabiei (Kovacheski) v. Arx (= Mycosphaerella rabiei Kovacheski)) (3). Conidia produced on PDA were predominantly aseptate, 3.90 to 5.85 μm wide, and 9.75 to 11.7 μm long. Affected plants (cv. Kaniva) originated from seed introduced at commercial volumes (69 ton) from Victoria, Australia in August 2002. A. Rabiei can be disseminated via infected seed (1). Ascochyta blight symptoms also have been observed in small patches in several crops near Temuco, the capital of the La Araucania Region. Chickpea production is currently, relatively small in southern Chile, however, plans to promote its cultivation may be hindered by this outbreak. Previously, the only other country to report Ascochyta blight of chickpea in South America was Bolivia (2). References: (1) W. J. Kaiser. Epidemiology of Ascochyta rabiei. Pages 117–134 in: Disease-resistance Breeding in Chickpea. K. B. Singh and M. C. Saxena, eds. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 1992. (2) W. J. Kaiser et al. Plant Dis. 84:102, 2000. (3) E. Punithalingam and P. Holliday. No. 337 in: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1972.

Improved sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in chickpea

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamohan Chandirasekaran ◽  
Thomas D Warkentin ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Steven Shirtliffe ◽  
Bruce D Gossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
High Level

Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide use, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objective of this research was to identify potentially useful parents for breeding programs aimed at the northern Great Plains by assessing the AB reaction of 12 desi and 12 kabuli chickpea varieties for their AB reaction on leaves, stems and pods under two fungicide regimes. The experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, in 2004 and 2005. Differences in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000-seed weight occurred among varieties at all site-years tested. The variation was greater among kabuli varieties than desi varieties. Ascochyta blight severity was generally lower under the high fungicide regime. A positive correlation in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was observed, suggesting a lack of organ-specific reaction. Several promising varieties that combined improved levels of AB resistance, high yield, and large seed size were identified. Key words: Didymella rabiei, Ascochyta rabiei, Cicer arietinum, fungicide efficacy

scholarly journals The use of Real-Time PCR Assay for Screening Chickpea Genotypes Resistant to Ascochyta Rabiei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göksel Özer ◽  
Gülsüm Palacıoğlu ◽  
Abdulkadir Aydoğan ◽  
Harun Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Target Dna

Abstract Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a devastating disease of chickpea worldwide. Breeding for host resistance is an efficient means to reduce the damage by this pathogen. This study evaluated the utility of Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for screening chickpea genotypes for resistant to blight disease. Eight days after inoculation, the resistance level of 84 chickpea genotypes was quantified by Real-time PCR technique using a standard curve constructed by amplifying different known amounts of target DNA and compared with disease scores based on visual assessment. A significant variation was statistically found among chickpea genotypes with respect to disease reactions. The quantity of target DNA in infected samples varied from 0.004–83.37 ng. The results demonstrated a strong relationship between visual scoring of disease severity and quantification of the target DNA in chickpea genotypes. Tüb-35, Tüb-47, Tüb-26, Tüb-82, Tüb-65 and Tüb-69 genotypes were found highly resistant to Ascochyta blight based on the results of both assays utilized for screening chickpea genotypes for resistance. The real-time PCR assay could be used for quantifying disease progression in plant tissues and screening chickpea genotypes as a potential alternative to visual scoring in plant resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Field apple scab susceptibility of a diverse Malus germplasm collection identifies potential sources of resistance for apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Papp ◽  
Liqiang Gao ◽  
Ranjita Thapa ◽  
Dan Olmstead ◽  
Awais Khan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding

Abstract Background Breeding for resistance to apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis), the most devastating fungal disease of apples, relies on genetic resources maintained in germplasm collections. Methods To identify new sources of scab resistance, we evaluated 177 Malus accessions, including 27 primary and 13 hybrid Malus species from diverse geographical origins, in an orchard at Geneva, New York. We also screened a differential host set for 2 years to monitor for changes in the effectiveness of ten known scab resistance genes, which allowed us to confirm the presence of virulent pathogen races in the orchard. Results We found that ~ 37% of the wild Malus accessions and domesticated cultivars were resistant to apple scab in the field. Several of these accessions were unrelated to sources of previously known resistance genes and are promising for apple scab genetic research and resistance breeding. Cultivars carrying the Rvi6 (Vf) gene from Malus floribunda clone 821, e.g. ‘Liberty’ or ‘Florina’, remained resistant despite the breakdown of Rvi6. ‘Demir’, a Malus hybrid from Turkey, and ‘Chisel Jersey’, a traditional English hard cider cultivar, showed fewer symptoms than the Rvi6 resistant cultivar ‘Prima’. Races 1 to 7 and 9 of V. inaequalis were present in the orchard, but no scab was observed on the indicator host accessions for races 11 and 12. Conclusions Detailed and systematic screening of Malus germplasm identified resistant and moderately resistant donor accessions based on resistance reaction types. These accessions are promising for use in future genetic studies to identify novel sources of scab resistance alleles for apple breeding to develop cultivars with durable apple scab resistance.

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Crenate Broomrape Among Species of Vicia

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Sillero ◽  
M. T. Moreno ◽  
D. Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Legume Production

Crenate broomrape is a parasitic weed that represents a major constraint for pulse and forage legume production in the Mediterranean and West Asia regions. Control strategies have centered around agronomic practices and the use of herbicides, although success has been marginal. Resistance breeding is hampered by scarcity of proper sources of resistance and of a reliable and practical screening procedure. A germ plasm collection of 208 accessions of vetch belonging to 42 Vicia spp. was screened for resistance to crenate broomrape under field conditions. High levels of resistance were found in several species. Resistance of selected accessions was confirmed by a low induction of broomrape seed germination in pot and in vitro experiments. This was followed by a scarce establishment of broomrape radicles in contact with host roots and a limited development of established tubercles. In addition, a hypersensitive-like necrosis occasionally was observed, but at low frequency.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance to Seed Weevils (Bruchus spp.) in a Faba Bean Germplasm Collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Carrillo-Perdomo ◽  
Blandine Raffiot ◽  
Damien Ollivier ◽  
Chrystel Deulvot ◽  
Jean-Bernard Magnin-Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance
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