Effect of sprinkler irrigation system on air temperatures and use of chemicals to protect cherry and peach trees from early spring frost

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tsipouridis ◽  
T. Thomidis ◽  
I. Xatzicharisis
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
Peach Trees

The use of some chemicals including vitamins C and E, copper hydroxide, gibberellic acid, pinolene, urea, captan, ethephon, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol for early spring frost protection of cherry and peach trees was studied. Applications before frost of urea, copper hydroxide and a mix of glycerine or captan + vitamins C and E reduced the damage to flowers (at rates up to 40–60%), while application of gibberellic acid in combination with captan and pinoline 6 h after frost, reduced the damage by 40–50%. Ethephon delayed the bloom time of peach and cherry trees for about a week. Placing 2 sprinkler heads (200 L/h) on the tree at 40 or 280 cm height raised the temperatures 2.0 and 1.0–1.5°C, respectively.

Automated cycled sprinkler irrigation for spring frost protection of cranberries

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith Olszewski ◽  
Peter Jeranyama ◽  
Casey D. Kennedy ◽  
Carolyn J. DeMoranville
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Frost Protection

Modification of Water Application Rates and Intermittent Control for Sprinkler Frost Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzong Lu ◽  
Yongguang Hu ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Richard L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Intermittent Control ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
Tea Field

Abstract. To validate the feasibility of an automated frost protection sprinkler system, a sprinkler irrigation system with an optimal water application rate was designed, constructed, and tested in a tea field. A modified calculation model of the water application rate was provided by simulation with different values of airflow velocity, air temperature, air humidity, and spray water temperature. An intermittent control strategy was provided using a modified model that included the start and stop time of the system and adjustment of the water application rate. Tea field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of frost protection based on this control strategy during frost night events. The results showed that a variable water application rate was better suited for frost protection, and the modified intermittent control automatically regulated the water application rate. In early spring and winter heavy frost nights, the canopy temperature (Tc) of the irrigated area remained above -1.2°C and 0°C, respectively, which is higher than the critical damage temperature for tea plants. The Tc of the irrigated area was approximately 2.8°C higher than that of a non-irrigated area. Moreover, the irrigated area with the modified model had a slower temperature rise after sunrise compared with the non-irrigated area, which was beneficial for frost protection. This sprinkler control strategy is an effective frost protection method that could be applied for in tea fields in the Yangtze River region. The calculation and simulation procedure of the water application rate would be applied for constructing sprinklers for different micrometeorological environments. Keywords: Frost protection, Intermittent control, Spraying water temperature, Sprinkler irrigation system, Tea, Water application rate.

AUTOMATED CYCLED SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR FROST PROTECTION OF APPLE BUDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Koc ◽  
P. H. Heinemann ◽  
R. M. Crassweller ◽  
C. T. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Frost Protection

Covering of peach(Prunus persica)flowers for early spring frost protection

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
P. Drogoudi ◽  
G Tsipouridis ◽  
T. Thomidis ◽  
T. Terzis
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Frost Protection

scholarly journals Evaporation from (Blue-)Green Roofs: Assessing the Benefits of a Storage and Capillary Irrigation System Based on Measurements and Modeling

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Cirkel ◽  
Bernard Voortman ◽  
Thijs van Veen ◽  
Ruud Bartholomeus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Air Temperatures

Worldwide cities are facing increasing temperatures due to climate change and increasing urban density. Green roofs are promoted as a climate adaptation measure to lower air temperatures and improve comfort in urban areas, especially during intensive dry and warm spells. However, there is much debate on the effectiveness of this measure, because of a lack of fundamental knowledge about evaporation from different green roof systems. In this study, we investigate the water and energy balance of different roof types on a rooftop in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Based on lysimeter measurements and modeling, we compared the water and energy balance of a conventional green roof with blue-green roofs equipped with a novel storage and capillary irrigation system. The roofs were covered either with Sedum or by grasses and herbs. Our measurements and modeling showed that conventional green roof systems (i.e., a Sedum cover and a few centimeters of substrate) have a low evaporation rate and due to a rapid decline in available moisture, a minor cooling effect. Roofs equipped with a storage and capillary irrigation system showed a remarkably large evaporation rate for Sedum species behaving as C3 plants during hot, dry periods. Covered with grasses and herbs, the evaporation rate was even larger. Precipitation storage and capillary irrigation strongly reduced the number of days with dry-out events. Implementing these systems therefore could lead to better cooling efficiencies in cities.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
JÚLIO JUSTINO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
MARIA FRANCISCA SOARES PEREIRA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.

scholarly journals Crop rotation, green manure and nitrogen fertilizers in upland rice under no-tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Marco Eustáquio de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Corn Crop

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Savannah region presents a great potential for the expansion of upland rice crops. However, studies are necessary to identify practices that can improve the crop performance, especially in no-tillage systems. This study aimed to assess the effect of cover crops in association with corn on the development and yield of rice cultivated in rotation and cover fertilized with nitrogen doses. The sprinkler irrigation system was used and the experiment was developed in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years, using a randomized block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the crop remains combinations of single corn crop, corn + Crotalaria spectabilis, corn + pigeon pea, corn + jack bean and corn + Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as cover nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) in the rice. The cultivation of upland rice in rotation with corn + pigeon pea was favored by the greater soil cover and nitrogen supply via cycling, if compared to the rotation with single corn crop. The intercropped corn + pigeon pea cultivation in the previous summer resulted in a 15 % increase in the yield of rice grains seeded in the rotation, when compared to the single corn crop. The cover nitrogen application positively influenced the grain yield with the maximum estimated doses of 46 kg ha-1 and 105 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, respectively in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 harvest years.

scholarly journals Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lara ◽  
Cláudia Dolinski ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Rogério Figueiredo Daher
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Search Capability

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are currently being used as successful biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests. Previous field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that application techniques and non-biotic factors (temperature and pressure) have a significant effect on EPNs efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an irrigation spray application system on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juveniles (IJ). Two assays were proposed. Their viability was evaluated under the microscope after the IJ passed through the irrigation system. Infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae, and host search capability, as evidenced by larval mortality, were evaluated in containers (Experiment 1). In the field (Experiment 2), mortality of G. mellonella larvae was evaluated under different nematode concentrations (0, 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 IJ per tree). No differences were recorded on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of the IJ in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, differences were recorded among the different concentrations used (p < 0.05), and a higher mortality was observed at the highest nematode concentration (28.3% and 37% in each one of the two experiment repetitions). This irrigation system did not affected adversely the viability, infectivity and host search capability of H. baujardi LPP7.

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