Row configuration as a tool for managing rain-fed cotton systems: review and simulation analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Bange ◽  
P. S. Carberry ◽  
J. Marshall ◽  
S. P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Impact

Rain-fed cotton production can be a significant proportion (average 17%) of the Australian Cotton Industry. One of the management techniques that rain-fed cotton growers have is to modify row configuration. Configurations that have entire rows missing from the sowing configuration are often referred to as ‘skip row’. Skip configurations are used to: increase the amount of soil water available for the crop, which can influence the potential lint yield; reduce the level of variability or risk associated with production; enhance fibre quality; and reduce input costs. Choosing the correct row configuration for a particular environment involves many, often complex, considerations. This paper presents an examination of how rain-fed cotton production in Australia is influenced by row configuration with different management and environmental factors. Data collated from field experiments and the cotton crop simulation model OZCOT, were used to explore the impact of agronomic decisions on potential lint yield and fibre quality and consequent economic benefit. Some key findings were: (i) soil water available at sowing did not increase the advantage of skip row relative to solid configurations; (ii) reduced row spacing (75 cm) did not alter lint yield significantly in skip row crops; (iii) skip row, rain-fed crops show reasonable plasticity in terms of optimum plant spacing within the row (simular to irrigated cotton); (iv) sowing time of rain-fed crops would appear to differ between solid and skip row arrangements; (v) skip row configurations markedly reduce the risk of price discounts due to short fibre or low micronaire and this should be carefully considered in the choice of row configuration; and (vi) skip configurations can also provide some savings in variable costs. In situations where rain-fed cotton sown in solid row configurations is subject to water stress that may affect lint yield or fibre quality, skip row configurations would be a preferential alternative to reduce risk of financial loss.

Boll Removal Studies Provide Insights into Compensation Ability of Virginia Cotton: A Necessary Step for Further Improvement of Insect Management Strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
D. Ames Herbert ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Susanne Aref ◽  
Joel Faircloth ◽  
Ozzie Abaye
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact

In developing management strategies for hemipteran pests in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), it is important to understand the potential of plants to compensate for loss of the fruiting structures. Because of its northern latitude, Virginia has fewer available heat units relative to other cotton-producing states. Therefore, there may be limited opportunity for compensation relative to more southerly production areas. Previous work in Virginia demonstrated that cotton can sustain relatively high levels of first position square loss with no yield loss. This study evaluated the impact of a single event loss of 10–14-d-old bolls via mechanical removal on cotton lint yields with the premise that boll loss would have greater impact than square loss as less time and fewer heat units are available for compensation. Field experiments examining four levels of boll removal (0, 5,15 and 20%) were conducted in 2001,2002 and 2003. Each boll removal level was imposed at three different dates, beginning 2 wks after first flower and at 3- to 5-d intervals thereafter. Yields ranged from 1103–1422 in 2001, 909–1124 in 2002, and 843–1015 kg lint per ha in 2003. There were no significant differences in lint yields among the boll removal dates or removal levels. The results of our study showed that cotton in Virginia, which approaches the northernmost latitude for cotton production, is capable of sustaining losses as high as 20% of 10–14-d-old bolls at a single removal event without affecting lint yield. Results were consistent despite the wide variation in rainfall and temperatures during the 3 study years.

Soil-Water Relations and Interference Between Devil's-Claw (Proboscidea louisianica) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Riffle ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
John F. Stone ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Devil’S Claw ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
The Impact

Soil water from plots containing cotton, devil's-claw, cotton with devil's-claw, and bare soil was measured throughout the growing season using a neutron probe and related to weed interference with the crop. Volumetric water content throughout the soil profile to a depth of 180 cm did not differ among treatments before the 5th or 6th week after cotton emergence. Greater water depletion occurred early in the season in plots containing devil's-claw which corresponded to a period of rapid weed growth. In plots containing only cotton, the largest reduction in water content occurred later in the season during peak bloom and early boll formation. Soil water content at depths greater than 105 cm remained unchanged in all plots throughout the season. Interference from devil's-claw reduced cotton lint yield 96% in 1986 and 46% in 1987. Higher rainfall and reduced weed populations in 1987 reduced the impact of weed interference on cotton lint yield.

scholarly journals Impacts of Different Tillage Practices on Soil Water Infiltration for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Roua Amami ◽  
Khaled Ibrahimi ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Paul Milham ◽  
Hiba Ghazouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
The Impact

Over the years, cultivation using sustainable tillage practices has gained significant importance, but the impact of tillage on soil water infiltration is still a concern for landowners due to the possible effects on crop yield. This study investigates the impact of different tillage managements on the infiltration rate of sandy clay loam soil under a semiarid environment. Field experiments were conducted in Chott Mariem Sousse, Tunisia. The tillage practices consisted of three treatments, including a tine cultivator (TC, 16 cm), moldboard plows (MP, 36 cm) and no-tillage (NT). Three infiltration models, Kostiakov, Philip and Horton, were applied to adjust the observed data and evaluate the infiltration characteristics of the studied soils. Comparison criteria, including the coefficient of determination (R2), along with the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to investigate the best-fit model. The results showed that moldboard plowing enhanced soil infiltration capacity relative to tine cultivation and no-tillage treatments. The mean saturated hydraulic conductivity was highest under MP, while it was lowest in NT, with 33.4% and 34.1% reduction compared to TC and MP, respectively. Based on the obtained results, Philip’s model showed better results with observed infiltration due to a higher R2 (0.981, 0.973 and 0.967), lower RMSE (3.36, 9.04 and 9.21) and lower MAE (1.46, 3.53 and 3.72) recorded, respectively, for NT, MP and TC. Horton’s model had a low regression coefficient between observed and predicted values. It was suggested that the Philip two-term model can adequately describe the infiltration process in the study area.

Etridiazole may conserve applied nitrogen and increase yield of irrigated cotton

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Rochester ◽  
H Gaynor ◽  
GA Constable ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Crop N Uptake ◽  
Crop Maturity

Recovery of applied N is often poor in irrigated cotton production in Australia, due to N loss through biological denitrification in the heavy clay soils. We envisaged that the N loss through denitrification could be reduced by limiting the soil nitrate concentration by applying a nitrification inhibitor with the fertilizer. We applied the nitrification inhibitor etridiazole in three field experiments in two cotton-growing seasons (1991-1993). The nitrification of ammonium-N applied as urea or anhydrous ammonia, the cotton crop N uptake and lint yield were monitored; recovery of 15N-labelled urea applied to microplots was assessed at crop maturity. In the first experiment, urea was applied at rates of 0 and 80 kg N ha-1 with etridiazole (applied as Terrazole EC). The recommended etridiazole rate (300 g ha-1) was compared with nil, half and double that rate. In the fertilized treatments where etridiazole was applied, nitrification of ammonium was retarded for more than 2 months, cotton crop N uptake was increased by 28% at maturity and lint yield increased by 18%, relative to the control. Etridiazole application had little effect on soil N concentrations, crop N uptake or lint yield in the unfertilized treatments. Fertilizer recovery was significantly improved from 35 to 50% with etridiazole application. The second experiment (in the following year) was conducted under commercial conditions. Etridiazole was applied with urea at 86, 119 and 154 kg N ha-1. As in Experiment 1, nitrification was delayed, crop N uptake was enhanced at crop maturity and lint yield was significantly increased by 46 kg ha-1 (3% greater than the control) with etridiazole application. In the third experiment, anhydrous ammonia was applied at rates from 0 to 175 kg N ha-1, with and without etridiazole. Recovery of 15N-labelled urea was not significantly altered by etridiazole application from the relatively high (69%) recovery in the control treatment. Maximum lint yield was 130 kg ha-1 (6.9%) higher in the etridiazole treatments, but required the application of additional N to achieve it. These experiments indicated that etridiazole was cost-effective in increasing lint yield of irrigated cotton and conserved applied N where substantial denitrification loss occurred.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON THE YIELD OF COTTON CULTIVARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Jahedi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M.R. Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Physiological Evaluation ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with herbicide resistance have rejuvenated an interest in narrow row cotton production, primarily because of the reduction of weed control problems encountered in the past with narrow row systems. While the primary goal of narrow row cotton is to reduce production costs, an agronomic and physiological evaluation of this cropping system is also needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of using modern cotton cultivars in narrow rows (30 cm) for cotton production in the Gonabad and to assess the effect of these various systems on cotton growth, lint yield, and fiber quality. Plant height, sympodia and total bolls per plant were reduced in cotton grown in narrow row spacing. In most cases, cotton grown in narrow rows had lint yields equal to or higher than those attained in the 70 cm spacing. modern cultivars in narrow row cotton production did not improve lint yield. No conclusions could be made regarding the impact of plant stature on lint yield. Row spacing had little impact on fiber quality narrow row cotton appeared to be a viable agronomic cotton production practice for the Gonabad compared with conventionally - grown cotton based upon lint yield and fiber quality.

Wildfire impacts on soil hydrological properties and erosion in stony and shallow soils of a forested Mediterranean catchment in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mastrolonardo ◽  
Giulio Castelli ◽  
Giacomo Certini ◽  
Melanie Maxwald ◽  
Paolo Trucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fire Impact

<p>Wildfires can affect agroforest-ecosystems generating several cascade effects on the soil-water continuum, among which erosion is one of the most important. Even so, few field studies analyse post-fire soil erosion at watershed scale, especially in the Mediterranean Basin, although here wildfires are particularly frequent.</p><p>The present work analyses the impact of the first rain events following one severe wildfire in the Pisan Mountains, Tuscany region, Italy, with the aim to quantify and characterize the post-fire impact in terms of soil erosion and sediment yield at watershed scale.</p><p>The study site is characterized by olive groves, maquis, maritime pine and chestnut forest, depending on the elevation. The area was affected by a fire involving an area of about 1000 ha in September 2018. Fire severity was assessed by remote sensing imagery, while fire impact on soil properties and sediment yield was assessed by field experiments, and sampling and lab analysis. Finally, a hydrological model was implemented in HEC-HMS environment for exploring the relationship between the erosion-deposition events monitored in a sample watershed, and the hydrological processes induced by the rainfall events.</p><p>Experimental analysis revealed that the organic fraction of topsoil dramatically declined after the wildfire, together with the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Fire occurrence also generated a shift in the soil water repellency. The analysis of sediment deposited at the outlet of the catchment revealed that the first two rainfall-induced erosion-deposition events transported a larger amount of non-organic sediments, probably already close to the riverbed before the fire, while the other four events analyzed corresponded to deposited material much richer in organic matter, produced by the fire event. Overall, at watershed scale, soil erosion amounted to 7.85 t/ha, a relatively moderate rate considering the large fire impact on soil. This could be partly explained by the shallow soil depth of the study area (around 50 cm on average) and the high stoniness of soil, which would lead to preferential infiltration pathways for water, reducing runoff and erosion.</p>

Comparative study of the impact of two mechanical perforation densities on the behavior of a sandy soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
S. Chehaibi ◽  
K. Abrougui ◽  
F. Haouala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The effects of mechanical perforation densities by extracting soil cores through an aerator Vertidrain with a working width of 1.6 m and equipped with hollow tines spaced of 65 mm, were studied on a sandy soil of a grassy sward in the Golf Course El Kantaoui in Sousse (Tunisia). The mechanical aeration was performed at two densities: 250 and 350 holes/m2. The cone penetration resistance and soil water infiltration were measured. These parameters were performed at initial state before aeration (E0) and then on the 10th, 20th and 30th day after aeration. These results showed that perforation density of 350 holes/m2 had a positive effect on the soil by reducing its cone resistance to penetration compared to the initial state (Rp = 14.8 daN/cm2). At 5 cm depth the decrease in resistance to penetration was 34% and 43% on the 10th and 20th day after aeration, respectively. However, on the 30th day after aeration the soil resistance to penetration tended to grow and its value compared to the initial state decreased only by 21 and 26%, respectively, at 5 and 15 cm of depth only by 10% and 9% with 250 holes/m2 density. The soil water infiltration made a good improvement after aeration compared to the initial state. This parameter increased from 4.8 cm/h to 8.3, 10.9 and 13.1 cm/h with 250 holes/m2 density and to 10, 12.9 and 14.8 cm/h with 350 holes/m2 density on the 10th, 20th and 30th day following the aeration.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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