Resilient farming systems in a complex world — new issues for the governance of science and innovation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P-B. Joly
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Of Science ◽  
System Approaches

The question of the resilience of farming system approaches and farming systems resulting from current changes in the agricultural sector has lead to the identification of 3 key challenges. These are (i) increasing competition, (ii) privatisation of agricultural research, and (iii) the transition towards a ‘risk society’. The way farming system approaches may turn these challenges into opportunities implies a major change: it is not enough to act locally and think globally. It is necessary to integrate various scales of analysis and various levels of action, and it is no longer enough to only act in the farming systems arena. One must also be heard in the policy making spheres and be active in the policy making processes. Although they require major adaptations, such changes appear to be consistent with the past trajectory of farming system approaches.

The changing role of agriculture in Dutch society

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. MEERBURG ◽  
H. KOREVAAR ◽  
D. K. HAUBENHOFER ◽  
M. BLOM-ZANDSTRA ◽  
H. VAN KEULEN
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Farming

SUMMARYDutch agriculture has undergone significant changes in the past century, similar to many countries in the European Union. Due to economies of scale and in order to remain economically profitable, it became necessary for farmers to increase farm size, efficiency and external inputs, while minimizing labour use per hectare. The latter has resulted in fewer people working in the agricultural sector. Consequently, Dutch society gradually lost its connection to agricultural production. This divergence resulted in a poor image for the agricultural sector, because of environmental pollution, homogenization of the landscape, outbreaks of contagious animal diseases and reduced animal welfare. Although the general attitude towards agriculture seems to have improved slightly in recent years, there is still a long way to go in regaining this trust.In order to keep the Dutch countryside viable, farmers are considered indispensable. However, their methods of production should match the demands of society in terms of sustainability. This applies both to farming systems that are used in a monofunctional way (production only) and to multifunctional farming systems. For researchers involved in development of these farming systems, this requires new capabilities; contrary to the situation in the past, citizens and stakeholder groups now demand involvement in the design of farming systems. In the current paper, it is suggested that, besides traditional mainstream agriculture, other alternative farming systems should be developed and implemented. Hence, Dutch agricultural research should remain focused on the cutting edge of economy and society. Despite all efforts, not all of these newly developed systems will acquire a position within the agricultural spectrum. However, some of the successful ones may prove extremely valuable.

Farming systems in the Australian semi-arid tropics-a recent history

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Chapman ◽  
JD Sturtz ◽  
AL Cogle ◽  
WS Mollah ◽  
RJ Bateman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
System Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Recent History ◽  
North West ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semi Arid

The recent history of dryland farming in the Australian semi-arid tropics is discussed briefly against the background of national and state policies, established following World War II, aimed at increasing the population and development of northern Australia. Some reference is also made to irrigation as a means of overcoming limitations imposed by rainfall and to complement dryland farming systems. The environmental and socio-economic constraints whch have so far limited commercial agriculture in the Australian semi-arid tropics are highlighted. Efforts, particularly in north-west Australia, to develop sustainable farming systems based on legume pasture leys and livestock production in conjunction with annual cropping, as a basis for closer settlement, are reviewed. These attempts, which began in the 1960s and stemmed from earlier post-war agricultural research in the region, initially relied on a pasture legume (Stylosanthes humilis cv. Townsville stylo) and conventional tillage. Farming system development continues today using new legume species (e.g. Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade) and no-tillage cropping technology. This paper documents the history of agricultural and research development, and commercial practice in the Australian semi-arid tropics.

The social and economic diversity of the coffee-banana farming system and technology uptake in Central Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Farming Households

Food systems of the future that will guarantee food and nutrition security of millions of poor farming households will have to be both economically and socially diverse. Diversity of farming systems acts as a catalyst for innovation, commercialisation as well as technology adoption. This study sought to find farm typologies and explore the social, enterprise and economic diversity of the various farm types based on a promoted Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system that was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda, Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Further analysis of the clusters through Food Consumption Scores, food classes, and other descriptive statistics indicated that the two clusters were socially and economically diverse. Findings indicated that Cluster 1 is made up of smaller farms with high crop diversity. Families in Cluster 1 sell more of their produce and subsequently have lower food security compared to the land-abundant, off-farm earning and more food secure Cluster 2. We failed to reject the hypothesis that socially and economically diverse farmers adopt technologies more given that the level of GBTL adoption was about 25% and about 70% for Banana + Goats within both clusters.

Farming Systems Research: Clarification of Terms and Concepts

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Merrill Sands
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
General Term ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
International Agricultural Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
Farming Systems Research

SUMMARYFarming Systems Research (FSR) has emerged as a major theme in international agricultural research in the past decade. However, despite widespread use of the term, its meaning and the types of research objectives, approaches, activities and methods to which it applies remain ambiguous. The lack of precision in concepts and terms will discredit FSR and jeopardize donor support. This paper seeks to clarify and define the major types of research approaches and activities encompassed by the general term FSR. Six types of research are distinguished and a new, more precise terminology is proposed.

PROFITABILITY OF BARLEY AND PEAS MIXED INTERCROPPING IN THE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE NEPALESE HILLS

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. SUBEDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio

Experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at the Lumle Agricultural Research Centre and its off-station research site at Lopre in Nepal to study the agronomic performance and profitability of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and peas (Pisum sativum) mixed intercropping (that is, without any row arrangement) in the subsistence farming systems of the Nepalese hills. Sole crops of barley (cv. Bonus and Local) at 100kg seed ha−1 were compared with a pure stand of peas (cv. Tikot Local) sown at 60kg seed ha−1 and with peas intercropped with both varieties of barley at 100:40 or 100:20 kg seed ha−1. Results across two locations for two seasons showed that the barley+peas intercropping was advantageous in terms of overall grain yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage, economic return and dietary provision in the subsistence farming system. It also provided yield stability under adverse climatic conditions. Barley genotypes differed in their suitability for intercropping with peas. The yield of Local barley was reduced when peas were intercropped with it at both seed rates but this was not so with Bonus. The most appropriate combinations to realize the maximum advantage from intercropping were Bonus barley+peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 and Local barley+peas at 100:40 kg seeds ha−1. A combination of Bonus barley and peas at 100:20 kg seed ha−1 enabled farmers to harvest an additional 400 kg grains ha−1 from peas without significantly reducing the grain yield of barley. The study also verified through formal experimentation that the traditional practice of mixing barley and peas is advantageous.

scholarly journals Sustainable farming systems for hill areas of north coastal Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
K. Tejeswara Rao ◽  
A. Upendra Rao ◽  
D. Sekhar ◽  
P. Uday Babu
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
System Module ◽  
Equivalent Yield

An on-station farming system experiment was carried for two years during 2012-13 and 2013-14, at Agricultural Research Station, Seethampeta, Andhra Prtadesh, India to arrive a profitable farming system module for hilly and agency area of north coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh , where major population is scheduled tribes. Rice-Maize system,Paddy - Dairy - cum poultry system, Paddy- Fish – Banana-Vegetable system and Paddy-Dairy cum apiary system were the test modules, where rice- maize is the traditional system considered as check. Among different integrated farming system modules evaluated for two years for hilly areas of north coastal Andhra Pradesh showed that, Paddy -Dairy - poultry system recorded 202 per cent higher rice equivalent yield, 97 per cent higher gross returns, 191 per cent higher net returns and 134 per cent additional man days over sole crop component, while B:C ratio was higher with Paddy-Dairy cum apiary system.

scholarly journals Resilience through the Financialisation of Risks? The Case of a Dairy System in Northwest Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6226
Author(s):  
Thies R. Popp ◽  
Wiebke Nowack
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Financial Risk Management ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
System Resilience

State support for financial risk management schemes has been introduced in numerous agricultural policies to enhance farming system resilience in response to increased income fluctuations and partially reduced producer support levels in the agricultural sector. In order to better understand how financialisation of risks can contribute to an actual improvement of specific farming systems’ resilience, this study investigates its effects with regards to dairy farming. Based on an in-depth case study of a dairy system in Northwest Germany, multilayered challenges faced by the farm system are identified, resilience strategies investigated and the role of financial risk management evaluated. In doing so, the resilience assessment framework developed by Meuwissen et al. (2019) is applied in order to analyse the systems’ capacity to resist, adapt or transform in response to external challenges threatening the provision of system’ functions. The results indicate a high relevance of insurances and savings with regards to the system’s robustness against short-term shocks. However, to address the various long-term pressures, resilience-enhancing attributes that increase the system’s capacity to adapt and transform would need to be strengthened. In particular, more cooperation and knowledge transfer beyond system boundaries could contribute to a holistic risk management allowing for improved farming system resilience.

Policy Making Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina TERREY ◽  
Sabine JUNGINGER
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Support Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Professional Impact

The relationship that exists between design, policies and governance is quite complex and presents academic researchers continuously with new opportunities to engage and explore aspects relevant to design management. Over the past years, we have witnessed how the earlier focus on developing policies for design has shifted to an interest in understanding the ways in which design contributes to policy-making and policy implementation. Research into policies for design has produced insights into how policy-making decisions can advance professional impact and opportunities for designers and the creative industries. This research looked into how design researchers and design practitioners themselves can benefit from specific policies that support design activities and create the space for emerging design processes.

Classifying the Past: Discriminant Analysis and its Application to Medieval Farming Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Livestock Management

This paper discusses the need for nationally based analytical models of the medieval period. The use of cluster analysis as a method for classifying demesne farms, by the crops they grew and their livestock management, is explained. Successful implementation of cluster analysis requires both the existence of a large base sample, to permit isolation of specific groupings within the data, and access to considerable processing time. The paper concludes by demonstrating how discriminant analysis can provide an efficient and systematic way of classifying even a single manor within a national frame of reference.

Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

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