scholarly journals Ginger (Zingiber officinale) autotetraploids with improved processing quality produced by an in vitro colchicine treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Smith ◽  
S. D. Hamill ◽  
B. J. Gogel ◽  
A. A. Severn-Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Diploid Parent ◽  
Early Harvest

Ginger autotetraploids were produced by immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine, 2% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 h. Stomatal measurements were used as an early indicator of ploidy differences in culture with mean stomata length of tetraploids (49.2 μm) being significantly larger than the diploid (38.8 µm). Of the 500 shoot tips treated, 2% were characterised as stable autotetraploid lines following field evaluation over several seasons. Results were confirmed with flow cytometry and, of the 7 lines evaluated for distinctness and uniformity, 6 were solid tetraploid mutants and 1 was a periclinal chimera. Significant differences were noted between individual tetraploid lines in terms of shoot length, leaf length, leaf width, size of rhizome sections (knob weight) and fibre content. The solid autotetraploid lines had significantly wider, greener leaves than the diploids, they had significantly fewer but thicker shoots and, although ‘Queensland’ (the diploid parent from which the tetraploids were derived) had a greater total rhizome mass at harvest, its knob size was significantly smaller. From the autotetraploid lines, one line was selected for commercial release as ‘Buderim Gold’. It compared the most favourably with ‘Queensland’ in terms of the aroma/flavour profile and fibre content at early harvest, and had consistently good rhizome yield. More importantly it produced large rhizome sections, resulting in a higher recovery of premium grade confectionery ginger and a more attractive fresh market product.

scholarly journals In vitro Induction of Banana Autotetraploids by Colchicine Treatment of Micropropagated Diploids

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Hamill ◽  
MK Smith ◽  
WA Dodd
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Optimum Treatment ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Alternative breeding strategies, based on colchicine-induced autotetraploids, have been proposed as a means of introducing disease resistance into banana breeding programs. This paper describes techniques for the in vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by the use of colchicine on cultured explants. The technique can be readily applied and large numbers of autotetraploids produced. The optimum treatment involved immersing shoot tips in a 0-5% w/v colchicine solution for 2 h under aseptic conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied with the colchicine treatments to increase cell permeability and so absorption of colchicine, resulting in the optimum treatment unchanged at 0-5% colchicine, but including the addition of 2% v/v DMSO. Of the shoot tips treated over 30% were induced to the autotetraploid level. Methods for in vitro selection of induced tetraploids from treated diploid plantlets were also developed. Tetraploid plants were more robust with thicker pseudostems, roots and broader leaves than diploids and they could be selected on these morphological characteristics. Mean stomatal lengths of diploid banana plants growing in vitro were significantly smaller (16-0 mum) than the tetraploids (26.9 mum) and were used as a more reliable indicator of ploidy than morphological criteria alone. A root tip squash technique using carbol fuchsin was developed for positive confirmation of ploidy change by chromosome counts- Although chimerism and reversion to the diploid form occurred, it was not considered a problem because of the large number of autotetraploids induced. Stable autotetraploids were recovered and established in the field and were characterised by their large, drooping leaves and thick pseudostems. They have retained these characteristics for more than 3 years in the field.

scholarly journals Induksi Tetraploid Tunas Pucuk Jeruk Siam Simadu (Citrus nobilis Lour) Menggunakan Kolkisin secara In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Yulianti ◽  
Agus Purwito ◽  
Ali Husni ◽  
Diny Dinarti
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Diploid Plant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stomatal Size

Seedless fruit is one of the criteria (necessary) to improve the quality of Simadu tangerine. The most effective method to obtain seedless triploid cultivars is hybridisation between tetraploid and diploid parents. Simadu tangerine is a diploid plant. Tetraploid Simadu tangerine can be obtained with doubling chromosome using colchicines.The aim of this research was to obtain tetraploid Simadu tangerine shoot which would serve as parent to produced seedless Simadu tangerine. Shoot-tips of Simadu tangerine without leaves were treated with colchicines at four different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) for 3 hours. The results showed that the high concentration of 0.3% reduced survival rate. The colchicine treatments reduced growth of shoot-tip of Simadu Tangerine.The leaves of colchicines treated shoots were thicker than control. Leaves from control (0% colchicine) and 0.1% colchicine treated shoots had 8.67 and 18.25 chloroplast per pair of guard cells. Compared to those of control, leaves with 0.1% colchicine had lower stomatal density, and larger stomatal size. It appeared that 0.1% colchicine treatment resulted in tetraploid Simadu Tangerine Shoot.<br />Keywords:chloroplasts, doubling chromosomes, stomatal size, stomatal density

scholarly journals Induction, identification, and characterization of autoallo-dodecaploid barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) using in vitro colchicine treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Ziyi Feng ◽  
Pincang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
New Type ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract Polyploidization is a major trend in plant evolution that has many advantages over diploid. Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) has many good characteristics, but has not been fully utilized until now. In this study, we report for the first time the in vitro induction of autoallo-dodecaploid E. crus-galli by colchicine treatment. Calli derived from young panicles were transferred to liquid medium containing different concentrations of colchicine (0.01, 0.05, or 0.1% w/v) and incubated for 24, 48, or 72 h. Treatment with 0.05% colchicine for 48 h was the most effective condition for producing polyploid plants, yielding 42.9% dodecaploids. The relative DNA content of the induced dodecaploids was twice that of wild-type hexaploids. The chromosome number of dodecaploids was 2n = 12x = 108, whereas that of hexaploids was 2n = 6x = 54. Compared with the hexaploids, the dodecaploids had larger individual stomata, but a lower stomatal density. There were significant differences between dodecaploid and hexaploid plants in terms of morphological variables, such as plant height, leaf length, panicle length, and grain size. Dodecaploid plants showed the obvious “gigas” effects of polyploid organs, as well as significantly reduced seed set. The nutritional concentrations of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and nitrogen-free extract in the dodecaploid were higher than those in the hexaploid, whereas the concentration of crude fiber in the dodecaploid was lower. Compared with the hexaploid, the concentrations of calcium, iron and some free amino acids in dodecaploid plants were significantly higher than in hexaploids. The dodecaploid E. crus-galli had been obtained successfully by treating calli with colchicine. And E. crus-galli has the potential to be developed as a new type of high quality forage crop for cultivation under stress conditions, especially the dodecaploid with its greater nutritional value.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF Agrobacterium tumefaciens STRAINS ON CALLUS INDUCED FROM THE SHOOT TIPS OF GINGER (Zingiber Officinale var. Roscoe) IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOME MEDICINAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS ESTIMATED BY RP-HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 706-719
Author(s):  
Abdulelah Abdulhussain AL-MAYAH ◽  
Huda Abdulkreem AL-TAHA ◽  
Widad Ali Abd AL-BEHADILI
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Rp Hplc

Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) is a medicinal plant well known for its pharmacological properties. This research aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria on callus induced from the shoot tips of ginger in the production of some active medicinal compounds. Callus was induced from the cultivation of half-buds in MS with 2,4-D at a concentration of 1 mg/L with BA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L + 500 mg/L PVP. It was the best medium for induced callus. A total of 100 mg of developing callus was taken, and, after cultivation on the same medium, at two weeks of age, the callus was treated with two strains of Agrobacterium LBA4404 and C58 and three concentrations of 101, 103, and 105 bacteria/mL each trial. The analysis of RP-HPLC showed that when treated with LBA4404 strain, which was at the concentration of 105 bacteria/mL, the highest increase in the amount of Zingerone reached 0.278 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 101 bacteria/mL and which gave the highest concentration of Zingerone, 6-gingerol, and 6-Shogaol which were 0.199, 0.099 and 0.069 mg/g respectively. As for the C58 strain, the treatment recorded 101 bacteria /mL, the highest concentration of Zingerone 0.240 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 103 bacteria /mL, which was significantly superior in giving the highest concentration of 6-gingerol and 6-Shogaol, which reached 0.053 and 0.027 mg/g respectively. From the results of the experiment, it can be considered that the active medical compounds produced by the induced callus tissue in vitro can increase when exposed to biological stimuli, as the medicinally active compounds can be separated, purified and used in a pure form as they are a natural source for drug preparation.

Yield and quality evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) genotypes under high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu

1970 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
R Balakumbahan ◽  
J P Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rainfall Region ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment on ginger was undertaken between April 2012 to March 2015 at Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai with an objective to identify suitable ginger cultivar or accession with higher yield and quality attributes suitable for high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu. Twenty four ginger genotypes, local strains and varieties were collected from different ginger growing tracts of India and evaluated for their performance in high rainfall region. Among the twenty four genotypes tested, the accession Z. O- 4 recorded higher fresh rhizome yield (22.16 ha-1) than other genotypes whereas Z. O - 6 recorded highest dry recovery per cent (22.47%). Higher oleoresin and fibre content was recorded in genotypes Z. O – 5 (9.56%) and Z . O – 17 (11.20%) respectively. 

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DO EXTRATO HIDROALCOÓLICO E AQUOSO DE GENGIBRE (Zingiber officinale [WILLD.] ROSCOE) SOBRE O FUNGO Lasiodiplodia theobromae

2018 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Lavinia dos Santos Mascarenhas ◽  
Monica Junqueira Machado ◽  
Noelma de Brito Miranda ◽  
Vânia de Jesus Santos Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santana
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Encapsulation-dehydration based cryopreservation of Rauwolfia shoot tips and their regeneration potential in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
P. KISKU ◽  
S. SAHU ◽  
U. SALMA ◽  
S. SINHA RAY ◽  
P. SAHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Regeneration Potential
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