Fraydo tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
C. K. Lee ◽  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
M. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Western Victoria

Fraydo, a 10-parent synthetic cultivar based on selection from Melik tall fescue is a most productive, highly winter-active cultivar that exhibits little summer activity. Its summer dormancy is associated with persistence over long hot summers. It has an erect growth habit with a long stem and short spike length relative to other cultivars. Maturity, as reflected by date of head emergence, is similar to that for Demeter. Fraydo is well adapted to the environment of south-western Victoria where the original parental selections were made. Fraydo is especially productive in the 7–8 month growing season/550–700 mm annual rainfall districts. Evidence is emerging that it is highly palatable to sheep and well adapted to a wide range of environments in temperate Australia.

Summer dormancy, regeneration and persistence of perennial grasses in south-western Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Biddiscombe ◽  
AL Rogers ◽  
RA Maller
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Better Than

Autumn growth and persistence of periodically grazed, spaced plant swards of eleven perennial grasses were measured at two sites registering 750 mm and 1120 mm annual rainfall respectively. The grasses were grown on gravelly podzolic soils of moderate internal drainage and depth of A horizon. After the third summer, autumn regrowth was generally better in Phalaris tuberosa lines than in lines of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea cv. Melik and D. glomerata cv. Currie regenerated better than P. tuberosa lines in the first two autumn seasons at the drier site. Capacity for autumn growth appeared to be associated mainly with the level of dormancy achieved by basal buds at mid-summer, though relatively high dormancy of one or two lines at the drier site did not prevent significant plant mortality. Numbers of reproductive tillers per plant in spring and active basal buds per tiller in late summer were less important traits affecting the growth of some lines. We think that rankings for summer dormancy would be useful for screening future introductions for wetter parts (> 750 mm annual rainfall) of the south-western region of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation of Morphological Traits in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Accessions

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-516
Author(s):  
Yanhong Lou ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Qingguo Xu ◽  
Xunzhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Tall fescue is an important cool-season grass widely used for forage and turf, and its genotypic variation for morphological traits has not been well documented. One hundred and fifteen tall fescue accessions, including 25 commercial cultivars, were divided into five groups based on their origination. The morphological traits, including plant height, spike length, pulvinus distance, spikelet count, branch count per spike, spike count per plant, and spike weight in different accessions were determined under field conditions in 2013 and 2014. There was significant genotypic variation in morphological traits among the 115 tall fescue accessions. Wild accessions exhibited a greater variation in the morphological traits than commercial cultivars. Close correlations were found among plant height, spike length, pulvinus distance, and spikelet count. The results of this suggest plant height, spike length, pulvinus distance, and spikelet count could be used as key morphological traits for evaluating all fescue germplasm effectively.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for summer dormancy related traits in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamal K. Talukder ◽  
Suresh Bhamidimarri ◽  
Konstantin Chekhovskiy ◽  
Malay C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Mapping Qtl ◽  
Summer Dormancy

Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers

Abstract Genetics: The chromosome number reported for Cucumis anguria is 2n=24 (Ramachandran and Narayan, 1990; Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2020). Reproductive Biology: Cucumis anguria is a monoecious species, with individual male and female flowers appearing on both plants, that depends of pollinators to transfer pollen grains in order to produce fruits. Although self-fertile, a degree of outcrossing results from insect pollination. Zagorcheva (1988) has suggested that C. anguria may also be a facultative apomict. The flowering season is of about 55-58 days. Male flowers appear before female flowers and both male and female flowers remain open for one day (from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm). The relationship between male and female flowers is on average 5.5 male flowers for each female flower. The greater number of male flowers compared to female flowers produces a greater flow of pollen in the crop and ensures pollination. Flowers are visited and pollinated by insects. In a study in Brazil, the most important visitor was Apis mellifera (72% of all visits) followed by native bees from the genera Plebeia sp. (16.7%), Exomalopsis sp. (8.3%) and Melissodes sp. (2.8%). Flowers are also visited by butterflies (Malerbo-Souza et al., 2020). Physiology and Phenology: Cucumis anguria is an annual species. Early growth is upright, followed by branching at the base to produce several trailing stems. Within its native distribution range, this species germinates in a few days during the summer rains when night temperatures are above 12°C and the soil is sufficiently wet. When plants are about 2-3 m length, they start to develop flowers. Fruits are often produced within 60 days after germination. Plants may produce up to 50 fruits per stem. Fruits remain attached to the withered annual stems long after these have died back at the end of the growing season (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004). Photoperiod is important and longer days coupled with higher temperatures confines plants to the production of male flowers. Shorter days and a drop in temperature stimulate the production of female flowers. Fruiting occurs within 60 days of planting and fruit are produced continuously, with as many as 50 fruits per plant produced during the growing season (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004). Environmental Requirements: Cucumis anguria prefers to grow in tropical and subtropical climates. It grows best in areas with mean annual temperatures ranging from 15°C to 28°C (tolerates 8°C-35°C) and mean annual rainfall between 800 mm-1000 mm (tolerates 300 mm-1700 mm). It is well adapted to soils with low fertility and is adapted to grow in a wide range of soil types, including Kalahari sands (regosols), red clays and black cotton soils (vertisols) with pH in the range 6-7.5 (tolerates 5.5 - 8.3), but it grows best on well drained sandy soils (Fernandes, 2011). This species is sensitive to cold and does not tolerate frost (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004; Useful Tropical Plants, 2020).

Nitrogen needs of wheat. 2. Grain yield response to nitrogenous fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Taylor ◽  
RR Storrier ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

In southern New South Wales, the increase in wheat yield due to nitrogenous fertilizer (34 kg N ha-1) was examined against a wide range of controlled and uncontrolled factors over three years in which rainfall was generally above average. The controlled factors included paddock history, cultural aspects and a range of nitrogen soil tests. Multivariate regression procedures were used in the examination. Average annual rainfall was a major determinant of fertilizer response patterns. Overall, soil nitrate (0-30 cm) was superior to paddock history and to other soil tests in predicting responses to added nitrogen. In the west (average annual rainfall 400 to 550 mm), nitrogen applications were profitable when soil nitrate levels were low, but only if growing season rain was at least average. At each soil nitrate level, responses to applied nitrogen declined as average annual rainfall increased. In the east (average annual rainfall greater than 550 mm), responses to added nitrogen were profitable at all nitrate levels, provided growing season rain was not limiting. The magnitude of the responses was related to the level of potentially available nitrogen in the soil (0-10 cm) rather than to nitrate.

Field evaluation of phalaris, tall fescue and cocksfoot cultivars and accessions in western Victoria, Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Cumulative Production

To assess their potential usefulness in the central and south-western Victorian environment, cultivars/experimental varieties and accessions of each of three perennial grasses, phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. Lolium arundinaceum. (Schreb.) Darbysh.), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), were established as swards by spring-sowing and then evaluated under rotational grazing by sheep. Pasture establishment, production, and survival following severe drought were measured at two locations. Persistent novel material of phalaris and tall fescue was identified that could increase the cool-season and year-round production relative to that obtained from current commercial cultivars. Phalaris and tall fescue varieties were compared at Hamilton. Results indicated that, in contrast to tall fescue, the seedling vigour of winter-active phalaris types was similar in spring relative to that of summer-active types. Most phalaris cultivars were more productive than tall fescue in autumn and winter (P < 0.05). For the experimental phalaris variety Perla × Sirocco, dry matter (DM) production during these seasons was 19% greater than for the most productive tall fescue, cv. Fraydo (P < 0.05). In a short growing season site at Warrak, winter-active cultivars of tall fescue produced up to 17% more DM in winter (P < 0.05) than the highest yielding, summer-active cv. Quantum MaxP, but for cumulative production over 3 years, Quantum MaxP was significantly more productive (P < 0.05) than 18 other entries. However, the persistence of Quantum and Quantum MaxP declined considerably post-drought; a more persistent accession from Sardinia, FA 005, was as productive as Quantum MaxP. Of the 13 cultivars compared in the longer growing season of Hamilton, Fraydo and Resolute MaxP were the most productive in winter (P < 0.05). For cumulative herbage yield over 4 years, Fraydo, Quantum MaxP, Quantum, Resolute MaxP, and Tanit were the most productive cultivars (P < 0.05). Infection with the MaxP endophyte did not affect persistence of Quantum at either site but improved the persistence of Resolute at Hamilton (P < 0.05). At Warrak, MaxP endophyte-infected Quantum was 35% more productive in summer–autumn than the endophyte-free cv. Quantum (P < 0.05). Compared with the most productive commercial cv. Holdfast, experimental varieties from breeding populations of winter-active phalaris selected for grazing tolerance and which incorporated Perla, were superior for seedling vigour (rating 5 v. 3), winter growth (by ≥15%), and cumulative production over 4 years (≥12%) (P < 0.05).

Perennial grasses of Mediterranean origin offer advantages for central western Victorian sheep pasture

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Anderson ◽  
P. J. Cunningham ◽  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
A. Byron
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Rainfall Region

Perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, cocksfoot and phalaris were evaluated under a rotational grazing regime in the 600 mm rainfall region of western Victoria. Over 4 years, seasonal dry matter production, persistence and nutritive value were assessed. Several selected lines and commercial cultivars were compared. Melik selection tall fescue and Sirosa phalaris significantly (PPP The benefits of Mediterranean genotypes of perennial grasses for improving winter yield and plant longevity is discussed in relation to the need to maximise pasture productivity and improve pasture longevity in environments with a short growing season.

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