The Sustainable Grazing Systems National Experiment. 2. Scientific outcomes and effectiveness of the research and development processes

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Andrew ◽  
G. M. Lodge ◽  
W. K. Mason ◽  
R. J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Grazing

The Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) National Experiment used 13 innovative research and development integrating processes to combine 6 diverse research sites across the southern high rainfall zone into a single, integrated experiment. Sites collected a common data set about the productivity and sustainability of grazing systems, so that issues beyond the site level could be explored. Essential to this approach were database and modelling tools that enabled across-site issues to be examined by a mix of conventional data analyses and modelling scenarios. This had not been previously attempted at this scale for the Australian grazing industries. Major outcomes from the individual site and theme analyses were tabulated, providing a comprehensive summary of the SGS National Experiment research findings. Many of the research findings were new, and overall the SGS National Experiment improved our understanding of the processes operating in grazing systems and their interactions. The main conclusion from this substantive study was that graziers can use a combination of strategies to enhance the productivity and sustainability of their pastures, such as sowing deep-rooted perennial grasses, enhanced soil fertility, amelioration of low soil pH, and grazing methods that include rotation and rest. Since the SGS National Experiment was itself an experiment, participants were surveyed to assess the integrating processes used, their implementation, and leadership and influence within the SGS National Experiment research group. Researchers rated the 13 innovative research and development processes for their potential to improve research and for the extent to which the processes were effectively implemented within SGS. The average potential score was 8.2 (out of 10). Four integrating processes had a potential score ≥9.0: the investment in a communication and product development year (the 'harvest year'); a common database structure across all sites; the use of themes to integrate across sites; and the use of protocols and minimum datasets to guide the research and data collection. We discuss possible ways to make these processes more effective. While 18 researchers had defined and active leadership roles from the outset of the SGS National Experiment, 2 researchers dominated the scientific influence and leadership.Despite some implementation problems with the SGS National Experiment processes, internal and external reviews indicated that the SGS National Experiment met most of its goals and objectives. Because of the processes implemented, the SGS National Experiment framework has provided a new benchmark for conducting large-scale rural research in Australia.

The Sustainable Grazing Systems National Experiment. 1. Introduction and methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Andrew ◽  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Grazing

This paper outlines the development and design of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) National Experiment from the initial call for expressions of interest, through several workshop processes to the final selection and implementation of its 6 component sites, and the general methodology used at each. Sites were located in Western Australia, western Victoria, north-east Victoria, and on the Central Tablelands, North West Slopes, and the eastern Riverina of New South Wales. Sites in Western Australia, north-east Victoria, the North West Slopes, and the eastern Riverina also had subsites. Methods for the sites and subsites (data collection for pastures, livestock, weather, soils and site characterisation) are presented to provide a central reference, and to save duplication in subsequent papers. Descriptions are provided of the location, average annual rainfall, major pasture, soil and stock types, design and number of treatments, and initial soil levels (0–10 cm) of phosphorus, electrical conductivity, and pH for sites and subsites. Also outlined is the major focus of the research undertaken at each site. While sites studied regionally relevant issues, they operated under a common protocol for data collection with a minimum data set being specified for each of 5 unifying themes: pastures, animal production, water, nutrients, and biodiversity. Economic analyses were also undertaken at the macro- and micro-level, and a procedural tool developed for appraising the on- and off-farm impacts of different systems. To give effect to the themes, common database and modelling tools were developed specifically for the national experiment, so that collectively sites comprised a single experiment.

Key features of the regional producer network for enabling social learning

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Grazing ◽  
To Come ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
On Farm

This paper outlines a form of research and extension that involves producers, researchers, program administrators, facilitators and others with an interest in on-farm, natural resource management and production improvement. Drawing predominantly from a review of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) regional producer network involving 88 interviews with producers, managers and scientists and in-depth studies of 4 SGS regional producer committees, findings advocate the establishment of arrangements where producers are in control of research and development to maximise learning and on-ground change. The justification for this need is based on the principle that major change will not occur unless the theories of those people whose practices are most affected by research and development outcomes are dominant in the research and development approach itself. In this way, research and development responds to the context in which change is to take place. Additionally, the SGS regional producer network provided a broad framework that enabled producers and other people to come together and actively learn from each other in a non-threatening environment. This approach provided a learning environment that was essentially directed by and for producers.

scholarly journals Combining Multiple Organizational-level Databases: An Empirical Evaluation of Different Matching Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098618
Author(s):  
Tim de Leeuw ◽  
Steffen Keijl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

Although multiple organizational-level databases are frequently combined into one data set, there is no overview of the matching methods (MMs) that are utilized because the vast majority of studies does not report how this was done. Furthermore, it is unclear what the differences are between the utilized methods, and it is unclear whether research findings might be influenced by the utilized method. This article describes four commonly used methods for matching databases and potential issues. An empirical comparison of those methods used to combine regularly used organizational-level databases reveals large differences in the number of observations obtained. Furthermore, empirical analyses of these different methods reveal that several of them produce both systematic and random errors. These errors can result in erroneous estimations of regression coefficients in terms of direction and/or size as well as an issue where truly significant relationships might be found to be insignificant. This shows that research findings can be influenced by the MM used, which would argue in favor of the establishment of a preferred method as well as more transparency on the utilized method in future studies. This article provides insight into the matching process and methods, suggests a preferred method, and should aid researchers, reviewers, and editors with both combining multiple databases and describing and assessing them.

scholarly journals APLIKASI PORTAL BERITA MENGGUNAKAN WIDGET RECYCLERVIEW PADA ANDROID STUDIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Suhartono - ◽  
Amar - Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Data Set ◽  
System Usability ◽  
Iso 9126 ◽  
Analysis Design

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan aplikasi portal berita menggunakan fitur widget recyclerview pada android studio yang memenuhi standar kualitas ISO 9126 dari aspek functionality, reliability, portability dan usability serta mengetahui tanggapan atau respon pengguna aplikasi yang telah dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model Iteratif sebagai model pengembangan yang terdiri atas empat tahapan, yaitu analysis, design, code, dan test. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan menggunakan Android Studio. Pengujian kualitas functionality dilakukan dengan validasi oleh dua pengguna ahli. Reliability diuji dengan menggunakan pengujian white-box. Portability diuji pada sistem operasi android dengan versi yang berbeda. Pengujian usability menggunakan metode kuesioner dengan System Usability Qustionaire oleh Lewis J.R. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket atau kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan skala likert. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aspek kualitas diketahui: (1) aspek functionality dinyatakan lolos karena setiap fungsi dapat berjalan dengan baik, (2) hasil aspek reliability lolos dengan tidak adanya kesalahan logika, (3) hasil pengujian aspek portability aplikasi dapat dioperasikan pada sistem operasi android yang berbeda (lolos), (4) hasil usability dengan rata-rata nilai System Usability Qustionaire oleh Lewis J.R sebesar 84% (Sangat Baik). Tanggapan respoden terhadap aplikasi ini dapat dilihat pada pengujian usability yang hasilnya berada pada kriteria sangat baik. Penelitian yang relevan terkait dengan penilitian ini adalah penelitian tentang aplikasi portal berita berbasis android, yang menampilkan berita-berita dari database website lampungnewspaper.citm.co.id telah berhasil digunakan. menghubungkan antara dua platform yang berbeda yaitu platform android dan database webserver menggunakan library volley. semua fungsi pada aplikasi dapat dijalankan dengan baik, seperti menu kategori. berita, pemprov, pemkot, finansial, properti, health dan beauty, industri dan umkm, enjoy lampung, ekobang, otobisnis, headline berita terkini, about, dan help. Aplikasi portal berita kompatibel pada sistem operasi android. Namun, penelitian tersebut belum menggunakan fitur widget recyclerview pada aplikasi yang dihasilkan dalam penangan data set yang ditampilkan pada aplikasi.

Complexity analysis in the sport of boxing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G Tennant ◽  
Nasir Ahmad ◽  
Sybil Derrible
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Career Trajectory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract A general model of the complexity of the sport of boxing has yet to be produced exploring the match play that goes on between combatants. The sport has a long history that dates back to the eighth century before common era (BCE) to the time of ancient Greece. Also known as the ‘sweet science’, most research work has legitimately focused on the combat sport’s long-term health affects concerning brain trauma. This present study seeks to explore the complexity of the sport by utilizing a data set of welterweights (63.5–67 kg). This data set was used to build a contact network with the boxers as nodes and the actual fights as the links. Additionally a PageRank algorithm was used to rank the boxers from the contact network. Devon Alexander was calculated as the top welterweight from data set. This was compared with the rankings of the sport’s notoriously corrupt sanctioning bodies, journalistic rankings, and a more standard non-network based ranking system. The network visualization displayed features typical of many others seen in the literature. A closer look was taken on several of the boxers by the visualization technique known as the rank clock. This allowed for the boxer’s rank history to be tracked and allowed for insight on their career trajectory. Timothy Bradley and Vyacheslav Senchenko had rank clocks that displayed them to be the most consistent boxers in the 2004–2014 decade. These research findings supply further confirmation of value of the network based approach in athletic match play.

Software Standards: An Information Requirements Framework

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora N. Ngosi ◽  
John O. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Information Requirement ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Software Standards ◽  
Standard Development

This paper discusses research findings on information requirements for developing international Information Technology (IT) standards. Using the software standard development domain as a case study, the objective is to examine the standard development processes and the problems associated with IT standardization, and based upon the findings, an information requirement framework is provided.

Dietary preferences of domestic ruminants

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 96-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rutter ◽  
P. D. Penning ◽  
A. J. Parsons ◽  
A. Harvey ◽  
R. J. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Grazing

To develop sustainable grazing systems, an understanding of the complex interactions between competing plant species and grazing herbivores is needed. An understanding of dietary preference is a prerequisite to predicting how much and from which plant species animals select. This work initially concentrated on dietary preferences of sheep grazing perennial ryegrass and white clover swards and was then extended to other animal species to test the generality of our findings.

scholarly journals User-Driven Innovation in Poland: Determinants and Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szopik-Depczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Cheba ◽  
Iwona Bąk ◽  
Giuseppe Ioppolo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Level

For many years different scientists have published the results of research related to the usage of UDI (user-driven innovation) concept and its impact on innovation activity of enterprises. None of them, however, concerned the relationship between various determinants for developing the R&D (Research and Development) sphere. It is the reason why the main purpose of the study is to present the empirical evidence in finding the determinants for usage of “user-driven innovation” concept (UDI). The work focuses on using this concept in R&D departments, which are very often responsible for introducing this kind of innovation in a firm’s practice. The use of the UDI concept in R&D in the enterprise will be influenced by various factors which, in the literature, are divided into external, independent of the enterprise; and internal, which can be a result of adopted strategies, action plans and/or operating standards. The implementation of UDI in enterprises gives a number of benefits resulting from interaction with the environment, but also encounters barriers and internal problems that need to be neutralized. It is why, in this paper, the internal factors will be considered. To present the relationship between the selected variables, the correspondence analysis which constitutes one of the methods for multidimensional statistical analysis, was applied. The results presented in the paper allowed to formulate several important conclusions about the potential level of implementation of UDI concept in R&D departments in Poland. Firstly, it should be noted that in Poland, the UDI concept is still seen as new. This is why there are no scientific publications on this topic, as well as a lack of system solutions and strategic documents encouraging entrepreneurs to conduct research and development activity based on contacts with users. That is why authors have made some recommendations regarding the promotion of activities related to the use of UDI in research and development processes. Our research supplements the current knowledge in the field of internal conditions affecting the implementation of the UDI concept in enterprises which are starting to implement this concept.

The Trouble With Types: A Partial Test of the Validity of Membership Association Content as a Proxy for Structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Baggetta ◽  
Kimberly DeGroff Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
American Citizen ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Political Talk ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Membership Association

Research findings on what types of voluntary associations influence members’ political participation are inconsistent. We suggest the problem is the use of content-based types (e.g., political, service, leisure) as proxies for civic structures (e.g., member interaction, political talk) in organizations. Proxy measures assume structural consistency among organizations within content types. Is this assumption warranted? To investigate, we reorganize data from the American Citizen Participation Survey, using reports from individuals about the associations they joined to create a 5,371-case organization-level data set. We analyze variation in organizational structures within and between content types. We find that while types focused on partisan politics are somewhat consistent, most types are so internally varied that knowing the type gives little insight into any given organization’s structures. We offer suggestions for future data collection efforts that could capture better data on association content and structure.

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