Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilising bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gull ◽  
F. Y. Hafeez ◽  
M. Saleem ◽  
K. A. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effect

Isolation of phosphate solubilising bacterial strains was carried out from rhizosphere, roots and nodules of chickpea, to study the viability for solubilisation of tri-calcium phosphate and the effect on growth of chickpea plants. The potential of isolated bacterial strains to solubilise phosphate was qualitatively evaluated by the measurement of a clear zone around the colonies. The diameter of this zone ranged from 21 to 83 mm. Phosphate solubilisation, by phosphate solubilising bacterial isolates, was quantified by spectrophotometry and was found to range from 65 to 130.5 μg/mL. The drop in pH ranged from 5.6 to 3.6. The plant growth, shoot phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, nodulation efficiency and nitrogenase activity were significantly enhanced, showing the positive effect of phosphate solubilising bacteria inoculation. Phosphate solubilising bacterial strains CPS-2, CPS-3 and Ca-18 had the maximum positive effect on shoot length, shoot dry weight and nodulation of chickpea plants. Treatments inoculated with non-phosphate solubilising bacterial strains IFA1 and IFA2 showed the minimum values in all the parameters.

scholarly journals Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their potential as bioinoculants on Pennisetum clandestinum (Poaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Romero-Perdomo ◽  
Jhonnatan Ocampo-Gallego ◽  
Mauricio Camelo-Rusinque ◽  
Ruth Bonila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

In this study, we aimed at examining the potential to stimulate growth in Pennisetum clandestinum using four isolated bacterial strains from soils obtained from a Colombian tropical silvopastoral system. We previously identified genetically the strains and characterized two plant growth promotion activities. We found that the four bacterial strains were phylogenetically associated with Klebsiella sp. (strains 28P and 35P), Beijerinka sp. (37L) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (E37), based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, the in vitro biochemical assays demonstrated that the strains exhibited some plant growth promotion mechanisms such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and indole compound synthesis. Notably, bacterial inoculation under greenhouse conditions showed a positive influence on P. clandestinum growth. We found a significant (p < 0.05) effect on root and shoot length, and shoot dry weight. Shoot length increased by 52% and 30% with 37L and 35P, respectively, compared to those without inoculation treatment. Similarly, the use of 37L and 28P raised shoot dry weight values by 170% and 131%, respectively. In root development, inoculation with strains 37L and E37 increased root length by 134% and 100%, respectively. Beijerinckia sp. 37L was the most effective of the four strains at increasing P. clandestinum biomass and length.

Effect of weed management on weeds, and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Effects of one pre-emergence herbicide (terbutryn/terbuthylazine) and one post-emergence herbicide (bentazone) along with unweeded and hand-weeded controls on weeds and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) were studied. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine was applied pre-emergence @ 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 kg/hawhereas bentazone was sprayed 6 weeks after sowing @ 1.44, 2.88 and 5.76 kg/h. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine controlled all the weeds very effectively, whereas bentazone did not control some weeds such as Polygonum aviculare, Poa annua and Elymus repens. The herbicides decreased the number of nodules, the dry weight of nodules, the nitrogenase activity, the shoot dry weight, the nitrogen content in the straw and seeds, and the seed yield of peas, the effects generally being higher at higher rates of application. The adverse effects of herbicides on these parameters might be due to their effects on plant growth, as both the herbicides are known to adversely affect photosynthesis. Nitrogenase activity did not correlate well with plant-N content or shoot dry weight. However, there was a strong relationship between plant biomass and plant-N content, which suggests that researchers can rely on these parameters for studying the effects of treatments on nitrogen fixation, rather than measuring nitrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Root Microbiome Modulates Plant Growth Promotion Induced by Low Doses of Glyphosate

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario X. Ramirez-Villacis ◽  
Omri M. Finkel ◽  
Isai Salas-González ◽  
Connor R. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jeffery L. Dangl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Microbiome

ABSTRACT Glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide with a broad action spectrum. However, at sublethal doses, glyphosate can induce plant growth, a phenomenon known as hormesis. Most glyphosate hormesis studies have been performed under microbe-free or reduced-microbial-diversity conditions; only a few were performed in open systems or agricultural fields, which include a higher diversity of soil microorganisms. Here, we investigated how microbes affect the hormesis induced by low doses of glyphosate. To this end, we used Arabidopsis thaliana and a well-characterized synthetic bacterial community of 185 strains (SynCom) that mimics the root-associated microbiome of Arabidopsis. We found that a dose of 3.6 × 10−6 g acid equivalent/liter (low dose of glyphosate, or LDG) produced an ∼14% increase in the shoot dry weight (i.e., hormesis) of uninoculated plants. Unexpectedly, in plants inoculated with the SynCom, LDG reduced shoot dry weight by ∼17%. We found that LDG enriched two Firmicutes and two Burkholderia strains in the roots. These specific strains are known to act as root growth inhibitors (RGI) in monoassociation assays. We tested the link between RGI and shoot dry weight reduction in LDG by assembling a new synthetic community lacking RGI strains. Dropping RGI strains out of the community restored growth induction by LDG. Finally, we showed that individual RGI strains from a few specific phyla were sufficient to switch the response to LDG from growth promotion to growth inhibition. Our results indicate that glyphosate hormesis was completely dependent on the root microbiome composition, specifically on the presence of root growth inhibitor strains. IMPORTANCE Since the introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops, glyphosate has become the most common and widely used herbicide around the world. Due to its intensive use and ability to bind to soil particles, it can be found at low concentrations in the environment. The effect of these remnants of glyphosate in plants has not been broadly studied; however, glyphosate 1,000 to 100,000 times less concentrated than the recommended field dose promoted growth in several species in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. However, this effect is rarely observed in agricultural fields, where complex communities of microbes have a central role in the way plants respond to external cues. Our study reveals how root-associated bacteria modulate the responses of Arabidopsis to low doses of glyphosate, shifting between growth promotion and growth inhibition.

scholarly journals Selection of efficient rhizobial symbionts for Cratylia argentea in the cerrado biome

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594-1600
Author(s):  
Giovanna Moura Calazans ◽  
Christiane Abreu de Oliveira ◽  
José Carlos Cruz ◽  
Walter José Rodrigues Matrangolo ◽  
Ivanildo Evódio Marriel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

ABSTRACT: Cratylia argentea is a leguminous shrub native to the cerrado, which has great potential for forage production and recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and select efficient rhizobial strains in symbiosis with Cratylia argentea . Rhizobacteria were isolated from the nodules of 12-month-old plants and cultivated in pots containing cerrado soil. Twenty-five bacterial strains were obtained, which displayed extensive variability with respect to morphological and symbiotic characteristics. Cratylia argentea seeds were planted in pots containing 5kg of cerrado soil and maintained in the greenhouse. The treatments consisted of 25 rhizobial isolates, two controls (without nitrogen and without inoculation), with or without nitrogen fertilization (5mgN·plant-1·week-1), and four replications. Plants were cultivated for 150 days after planting seeds to evaluate nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root N content, and relative and symbiotic efficiency. Thirteen isolates improved shoot dry weight (up to 65.8%) and shoot nitrogen concentration (up to 76%) compared with those of control treatments. Two isolates, 4 (CR42) and 22 (CR52), conferred higher symbiotic efficiency values of approximately 20%. Therefore, these two rhizobial isolates displayed the highest potential as beneficial inoculants to optimize the symbiotic efficiency for Cratylia and to increase the incorporation of nutrients and biomass into the productive system in the cerrado.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promoting Abilities of Novel Burkholderia-Related Genera and Their Interactions With Some Economically Important Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munusamy Madhaiyan ◽  
Govindan Selvakumar ◽  
Tan HianHwee Alex ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Lianghui Ji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

A survey of bacterial endophytes associated with the leaves of oil palm and acacias resulted in the isolation of 19 bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, and Chitinasiproducens, which are now regarded as distinctively different from the parent genus Burkholderia. Most strains possessed one or more plant growth promotion (PGP) traits although nitrogenase activity was present in only a subset of the isolates. The diazotrophic Paraburkholderia tropica strain S39-2 with multiple PGP traits and the non-diazotrophic Chitinasiproducens palmae strain JS23T with a significant level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity were selected to investigate the influence of bacterial inoculation on some economically important tree species. Microscopic examination revealed that P. tropica S39-2 was rhizospheric as well as endophytic while C. palmae JS23T was endophytic. P. tropica strain S39-2 significantly promoted the growth of oil palm, eucalyptus, and Jatropha curcas. Interestingly, the non-diazotrophic, non-auxin producing C. palmae JS23T strain also significantly promoted the growth of oil palm and eucalyptus although it showed negligible effect on J. curcas. Our results suggest that strains belonging to the novel Burkholderia-related genera widely promote plant growth via both N-independent and N-dependent mechanisms. Our results also suggest that the induction of defense response may prevent the colonization of an endophyte in plants.

Characterization of Mesorhizobium strains for salt tolerance and wilt control: Their potential for plant growth promotion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Sehrawat ◽  
Aakanksha Khandelwal ◽  
Satyavir Singh Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Mesorhizobium sp. indirectly promote the growth of plants as a biocontrol agent by inhibiting the growth of pathogens particularly Fusarium wilt of chickpea. Out of 24 Mesorhizobium isolates obtained from chickpea nodules, eight isolates showed antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Salinity stress severely affects growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea. Mesorhizobium isolates were tested for their salt tolerance capacity at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% NaCl concentrations. Only two Mesorhizobium isolates MCA5 and MCA22 were found salt-tolerant upto 8% of salt concentration. Maximum increase (45.5%) in shoot dry weight was observed by inoculation of isolate MCA20 at 40 days of chickpea growth under chillum jar conditions, whereas isolate MCA23 resulted in 166.2% increase in root dry weight. Likewise, 112.6% increase in shoot dry weight was observed on inoculation of MCA14 isolate at 80th day of observation. Further extensive research is required to understand the mechanism of potential Mesorhizobium isolates of chickpea in controlling Fusarium wilt disease and salt tolerance. Selection of mesorhizobia with twin functional traits (plant growth promoting and biocontrol agent) can be exploited as future biofertilizer in chickpea.

Bacillus cereus UW85 inoculation effects on growth, nodulation, and N accumulation in grain legumes: Field studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Bullied ◽  
Terry J. Buss ◽  
J. Kevin Vessey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bacillus cereus strain UW85 was assessed for growth-promotion effects on soybean and common bean in the presence and absence of rhizobial inoculation at two field sites in Manitoba in 1994. Growth promotions due to B. cereus UW85 occurred for soybean only, and only at one site. Promotions in plant emergence in soybean were apparent at 60 d after planting (DAP), but stimulations in shoot dry weight (DW), N concentration, and N content were not apparent until 90 DAP. At maturity (120 DAP), inoculation with UW85 resulted in stimulation of seed yield by 9% and seed N content by 14%. However, stimulation in growth and N parameters by UW85 treatment was proportionally greater in the absence of B. japonicum inoculation than in the presence of the rhizobial inoculant. These observations, in combination with the observations that nitrogenase activity was not stimulated by UW85 treatment, clearly indicate that the UW85-mediated stimulation of growth and N accumulation of soybean is via a generalized stimulation of plant growth, and not via a stimulation in the soybean-B. japonicum symbiosis per se. Overall, our study indicates that inoculation with UW85 has the potential of increasing soybean production in western Canada, but these effects are site specific and are not seen in common bean. Key words: Bacillus cereus UW85, common bean, Glycine max, growth-promotion, Phaseolus vulgaris, soybean

Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arrendell ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Effect of water stress on nitrogen fixation and nodule structure of common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Richard Parsons ◽  
Janet Irene Sprent ◽  
Euan Kelvin James
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of water stress on N2 fixation and nodule structure of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars Carioca and EMGOPA-201. Plants were harvested after five and eight days of water stress. Carioca had lower nodule dry weight on both water stress periods; shoot dry weight was lower at five days water stress and did not differ from control after eight days stress. Both cultivars had lower nitrogenase activity than control after five and eight days water stress. For both cultivars, after eight days stress bacteroid membranes were damaged. Carioca presented more pronounced damage to infected tissue, with host cell vacuolation and loss of the peribacteroid membrane at five days after stress; at eight days after stress, there was degradation of cytoplasm host cells and senescence of bacteroids, with their release into intercellular spaces. Intensity of immunogold-labeling of intercellular cortical glycoprotein with the monoclonal antibodies MAC 236/265 was different for both cultivars.

Genotypic differences in wheat for uptake and utilisation of P from iron phosphate

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Osborne ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
P Supply

Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the genotypic variation amongst cereal genotypes in phosphorus uptake from relatively insoluble iron phosphate. Optimum rates of iron phosphate were established by growing 3 wheat and 1 triticale genotype on an infertile sand amended with iron phosphate. Shoot dry weight of all genotypes showed a classic Mitcherlich response with 95% maximum growth achieved with 174�mg P/kg soil. Two rates of FePO4 were selected representing a deficient and sufficient supply (26 and 339 mg P/kg soil, respectively). These rates were used to screen 99 wheat, 8 triticale, and 4 cereal rye genotypes for phosphorus-use efficiency. Phosphorus efficiency was rated by 4 criteria: shoot dry weight at deficient P supply, shoot weight at deficient supply relative to shoot weight at sufficient P supply, P uptake efficiency (amount of P taken up per unit of P supplied), and P utilisation efficiency (shoot weight per unit P in plant). No genotypes were rated as efficient under all 4 criteria. Only 2 genotypes were rated efficient (rye Bevy, rye PC00361) and one inefficient (Machete) under 3 criteria. Seven genotypes were rated as efficient on 2 indices (wheat Chinese 80-55, Westonia, and Wawht 2147; triticale Treat, AT48-94, and TX93-78-1; rye Bulgarian Pento), whereas 7 genotypes were rated as inefficient on 2 indices (Boricuta, Cadoux, Cunderdin, Insignia, Kalingri, Perenjori, and triticale Abacus). Significant genotypic variation was identified in cereals in the ability to take up and utilise P from poorly soluble Fe-P, although all genotypes were able to utilise this source of phosphorus to some degree.

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