Phytotoxicity of metabolites produced by Pyrenophora semeniperda in liquid culture

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Campbell ◽  
R. W. Medd ◽  
J. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Pyrenophora semeniperda was shown to produce heat stable, biologically active metabolites under agitated liquid culture conditions. Using a seedling bioassay it was shown that filtrates harvested from P.�semeniperda cultures had a significant impact on coleoptile length of both wheat and Bromus diandrus, but had no effect on seed germination. The relative toxicity of filtrates derived from several isolates of P. semeniperda and infiltrated into wheat leaves was highly correlated with the virulence of these isolates. A comparison of metabolites harvested from P. semeniperda and Pyrenophora teres grown under the same cultural conditions revealed that P.�teres did not affect wheat coleoptile growth, but affected the coleoptile elongation of B. diandrus, although less than filtrates produced by P. semeniperda. Culture filtrates harvested after 6 days were toxic to wheat and B.�diandrus and toxicity was maximal in filtrates derived from cultures that were 12 days old. Culture filtrates diluted to 1 in 20 produced symptoms in wheat seedlings, but only undiluted or 5 × concentrated filtrates produced symptoms on B.�diandrus seedling leaves. Plants older than first node stage (Z 31) were significantly less sensitive to filtrate than younger plants. A degree of host selectivity to the metabolites was observed since leaves of Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Lablab purpureus and Xanthium occidentale were unaffected by infiltrates.

Breakdown products of neoglucobrassicin inhibit activation of Nrf2 target genes mediated by myrosinase-derived glucoraphanin hydrolysis products

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Haack ◽  
Maria Löwinger ◽  
Doris Lippmann ◽  
Anna Kipp ◽  
Eleonora Pagnotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites

Abstract Glucosinolates (GLSs) present in Brassica vegetables serve as precursors for biologically active metabolites, which are released by myrosinase and induce phase 2 enzymes via the activation of Nrf2. Thus, GLSs are generally considered beneficial. The pattern of GLSs in plants is various, and contents of individual GLSs change with growth phase and culture conditions. Whereas some GLSs, for example, glucoraphanin (GRA), the precursor of sulforaphane (SFN), are intensively studied, functions of others such as the indole GLS neoglucobrassicin (nGBS) are rather unknown as are functions of combinations thereof. We therefore investigated myrosinase-treated GRA, nGBS and synthetic SFN for their ability to induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as typical phase 2 enzyme, and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) as novel Nrf2 target in HepG2 cells. Breakdown products of nGBS potently inhibit both GRA-mediated stimulation of NQO1 enzyme and Gpx2 promoter activity. Inhibition of promoter activity depends on the presence of an intact xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) and is also observed with benzo[a]pyrene, a typical ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suggesting that suppressive effects of nGBS are mediated via AhR/XRE pathway. Thus, the AhR/XRE pathway can negatively interfere with the Nrf2/ARE pathway which has consequences for dietary recommendations and, therefore, needs further investigation.

The effect of rht genotype and temperature on coleoptile growth and dry matter partitioning in young wheat seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Botwright ◽  
Greg Rebetzke ◽  
Tony Condon ◽  
Richard Richards
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Coleoptile Growth ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation

Coleoptile length in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be affected by several factors, including genotype, height-reducing genes and environmental factors, including temperature. There is little information on how these factors influence rate and duration of coleoptile growth to determine final coleoptile length in wheat. Coleoptile growth was determined for eight genotypes representing four different height-reducing genes: gibberellic acid (GA)-sensitive, standard height (rht), GA-sensitive semidwarfs (Rht8); and GA-insensitive, semidwarfs (Rht2). These were grown in the dark at three temperatures (12, 16 and 20˚C) and coleoptile lengths measured every 12˚Cd. Logistic growth curves were fitted to coleoptile growth data for each genotype with thermal time as the explanatory variable. Differences in final coleoptile length were largely attributable to differences in rate of coleoptile elongation although there were small differences in duration of growth between genotypes. The longer coleoptile of the rht wheats was achieved through the fastest rate of coleoptile elongation. Coleoptiles of Rht8 wheats were equivalent in final length to rht wheats at 107 mm, but achieved this through a slower growth rate (2.10 mm ˚Cd–1) combined with an increased duration of growth (57˚Cd). In contrast, the shorter coleoptiles of Rht2 wheats resulted from 25% slower rates of elongation than either Rht8 or rht. There were no interactions between the components of coleoptile growth and temperature, although a longer duration and a fast rate of growth combined to increase coleoptile length at 12˚C compared with either 16 or 20˚C. In a second experiment, dry matter partitioning and length of coleoptile, subcrown internode (SCI), shoot and roots were determined after 200˚Cd. In Rht2, the SCI and shoot were short while roots were longer than either Rht8 or rht. Reduced dry matter (DM) partitioning to the coleoptile and SCI and DM retention in the seed reduced the endosperm-use efficiency (EUE) of Rht compared with rht. EUE was poor also in Rht8, apparently through increased respiratory losses. Reduced partitioning of dry matter to coleoptiles and the SCI in Rht2 increased the root : shoot ratio compared with rht or Rht8. We conclude that either increased rate or duration of coleoptile growth could be targeted in a breeding program that aims to increase coleoptile length in wheat.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

Spices with Breast Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potentials: A Functional Foods Based-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Ochuko Lucky Erukainure ◽  
Ibrahim Malami ◽  
Auwal Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Biologically Active Metabolites

Background: Cancer is a multifaceted metabolic disease that affects sizeable dwellers of rural and urban areas. Among the various types of cancer, mammary cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Its menace can be curbed with locally consumed spices due to their multiple bioactive phytochemicals. Aims: This review focuses on the breast cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of locally consumed spices. Methods/Results: The most commonly consumed spices with breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical include pepper, onions, ginger, garlic, curry and thyme containing many biologically active metabolites ranging from vitamins, fatty acids esters, polyphenols/phenolics, sulfurcontaining compounds and anthraquinones with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antitumor and anticancer properties against breast cancer/carcinogenesis. Therefore, extracts and active principles of these spices could be explored in breast cancer chemoprevention and possibly therapeutically which may provide an avenue for reducing the risk and prevalence of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Altering the Stereoselectivity of Whole-Cell Biotransformations via the Physicochemical Parameters Impacting the Processes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Raczyńska ◽  
Joanna Jadczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Brzezińska-Rodak
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Chiral Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Prochiral Ketones ◽  
Optically Pure

The enantioselective synthesis of organic compounds is one of the great challenges in organic synthetic chemistry due to its importance for the acquisition of biologically active derivatives, e.g., pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and others. This is why biological systems are increasingly applied as tools for chiral compounds synthesis or modification. The use of whole cells of “wild-type” microorganisms is one possible approach, especially as some methods allow improving the conversion degrees and controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction without the need to introduce changes at the genetic level. Simple manipulation of the culture conditions, the form of a biocatalyst, or the appropriate composition of the biotransformation medium makes it possible to obtain optically pure products in a cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly manner. This review contains selected examples of the influence of physicochemical factors on the stereochemistry of the biocatalytic preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds, which is undertaken through kinetically controlled separation of their racemic mixtures or reduction of prochiral ketones and has an effect on the final enantiomeric purity and enantioselectivity of the reaction.

scholarly journals The Liquid Culture Filtrates of Entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes and Its Glycoprotein Constituent Protects against Anemia in Mice Treated with 5-Fluorouracil

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Takata ◽  
Tomoaki Tanaka ◽  
Nobuo Yahagi ◽  
Remiko Yahagi ◽  
Hideyuki Tsuchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Entomogenous Fungus ◽  
Culture Filtrates
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