How does pregnancy and lactation affect efficiency of female mice divergently selected for post-weaning net feed intake?

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Hughes ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Significant Line ◽  
Postnatal Stage ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

Females from lines of mice divergently selected for post-weaning net feed intake maintained significant line differences in daily feed intake (0.8 g/day difference, 22%) and net feed intake (± 0.35 g/day respectively) both before and during pregnancy. Dam/litter units converged completely for daily feed intake immediately in the postnatal stage, during a period of negative energy balance when feed intake and rate of gain were both maximised. Feed intake net of that required for growth and maintenance of liveweight was effectively zero for both lines during this 2-week period. The lines re-diverged in late-lactation. Variance for all traits increased substantially over the 11�weeks of the experiment.In an extensive production environment, where peak lactation generally coincides with abundant pasture supply, this short convergence would have little impact on overall production efficiency. Consequently, selection for post-weaning net feed intake based on growth/weight components remains a potential means to improve production efficiency.

Predicted responses to selection from indices including feeding pattern traits of pigs as selection criteria.

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
A.D. Hall ◽  
W.G. Hill ◽  
P.R. Bampton ◽  
A.J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pattern Information

The introduction of electronic feeders has allowed accurate measures of individual feed intake in a group housing system, similar to that in the production environment. These feeders also provide other feeding pattern information, such as how many meals are taken each day and how big they are, which could be of use to further improve the accuracy of selection for feed conversion ratio and growth traits. The main aims of this study were to predict the increase in genetic gain achieved by including feed intake and feeding pattern traits as selection criteria.

Predicted responses to selection from indices including feeding pattern traits of pigs as selection criteria.

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
A.D. Hall ◽  
W.G. Hill ◽  
P.R. Bampton ◽  
A.J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pattern Information

The introduction of electronic feeders has allowed accurate measures of individual feed intake in a group housing system, similar to that in the production environment. These feeders also provide other feeding pattern information, such as how many meals are taken each day and how big they are, which could be of use to further improve the accuracy of selection for feed conversion ratio and growth traits. The main aims of this study were to predict the increase in genetic gain achieved by including feed intake and feeding pattern traits as selection criteria.

scholarly journals The Capacity of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental Cows to Correct a Negative Energy Balance in Relation to Their Performance Parameters, Course of Lactation, and Selected Milk Components

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Ilona Strączek ◽  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Agata Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Peak Lactation

A significant factor in improving the performance of dairy cows is their physiological ability to correct a negative energy balance (NEB). This study, using Simmental (SIM) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows, aimed to assess changes in NEB (non-esterified fatty acid; body condition score; and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1) and its effect on the metabolic efficiency of the liver (β-hydroxybutyrate and urea). The effects of NEB on daily yield, production at peak lactation and its duration, and changes in selected milk components were assessed during complete lactation. Up to peak lactation, the loss of the body condition score was similar in both breeds. Subsequently, SIM cows more efficiently restored their BCS. HF cows reached peak lactation faster and with a higher milk yield, but they were less able to correct NEB. During lactation, their non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and urea levels were persistently higher, which may indicate less efficient liver function during NEB. The dynamics of NEB were linked to levels of leptin, which has anorectic effects. Its content was usually higher in HF cows and during intensive lactogenesis. An effective response to NEB may be exploited to improve the production and nutritional properties of milk. In the long term, it may extend dairy cows’ productive life and increase lifetime yield.

Improving sheep production and welfare in extensive systems through precision sheep management

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Morris ◽  
Greg M. Cronin ◽  
Russell D. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

This overview discusses how precision sheep management could be utilised in the Australian sheep industry to improve production efficiency and reduce animal welfare concerns due to low monitoring frequency by stockpeople. The concept of precision sheep management is described. This is a system in which sheep are managed as individuals or small groups rather than as a (whole) flock. Precision sheep management utilises the application of radio frequency identification technology, enabling producers to better monitor sheep in extensive situations, and contribute to improved efficiency of management and sheep welfare. Examples of combining radio frequency identification with other technologies such as walk-over-weighing and Pedigree Matchmaker are discussed. These technologies provide producers with tools to improve the cost effectiveness of, and labour efficiency associated with, collecting data on individual animals. The combined technologies should also improve consistency and reliability of information, enhancing decision-making by producers, for example, from regular monitoring of biometric variables such as liveweight, or calculating breeding values to enable superior genetic comparisons over time.

Genetic parameter estimates for feeding pattern and production traits in pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
A.D. Hall ◽  
W.G. Hill ◽  
P.R. Bampton ◽  
A.J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Potential Benefits

Until recently, to enable accurate recording of feed intake, pigs were kept in individual pens. The advent of electronic feeders has allowed accurate records of feed intake and feeding patterns in group housing which is more similar to that found in the production environment. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for these feeding pattern traits and their correlations with production traits to show potential benefits in selection.

The effect of selection for residual feed intake on general behavioral activity and the occurrence of lesions in Yorkshire gilts1

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Sadler ◽  
A. K. Johnson ◽  
S. M. Lonergan ◽  
D. Nettleton ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Selection For

Design of Rotary Flexible Manufacturing Cell with Multi-Station Automatic Stretching

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 1390-1393
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Xue Wu Hu ◽  
Xiao Ming Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Circular Disc ◽  
Flexible Manipulator ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing Cell ◽  
Manufacturing Cell ◽  
Automatic Loading ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

Rotary flexible manufacturing cell with multi-station automatic stretching is designed in this paper to meet the requirements of the machining process of cylindrical drawing parts as well as the needs of different stations for multi-drawing. The cell uses fixed circular disc worktable with multi-station. Each machining station has hydraulic stretcher to complete the drawing of the workpiece. Flexible manipulator finishes automatic loading and unloading among hydraulic stretchers. Gripper of manipulator with automatic center aligning and size control can grip workpiece in various sizes and has the function of self-centering. This equipment has completely realized all the stretching processes automaticly from feeding sheet metal to sending and forming workpieces. It can improve production efficiency and quality. It can also improve safety, reliability and cost efficiency. When replacing worked parts is needed, simply replace modular mold of every station in fixed circular disc worktable.

Selection for growth in brown trout increases feed intake capacity without affecting maintenance and growth requirements1

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2865-2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mambrini ◽  
F. Médale ◽  
M.P. Sanchez ◽  
B. Recalde ◽  
B. Chevassus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Fish Feed Intake, Feeding Behavior, and the Physiological Response of Apelin to Fasting and Refeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Assan ◽  
Yanlin Huang ◽  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Mercy Nabila Addah ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.

scholarly journals Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
P.L. van der Togt ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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