scholarly journals Performance of lot-fed Bos indicus steers exposed to aspects of a feedlot environment before lot-feeding

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Petherick ◽  
R. G. Holroyd ◽  
A. J. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Daily Gain

Fifty Bos indicus steers, 2–3 years old, were exposed to aspects of a feedlot environment on their home property for 9 days (pre-exposed). A further 50 steers were placed in a holding paddock for the 9 days (naïve). Twenty steers in each group became 'focal animals' for periodic blood sampling and behaviour observations. The cattle were transported for 15 h (950 km) to an experimental feedlot where they were lot-fed for 100 days, with productivity (liveweight, body condition and feed intakes) and flight speeds recorded at intervals. A subjective fear of humans test was conducted on the pre-exposed group during the 9 days in the yards on the home property and carcass traits were measured on all cattle.Both groups lost substantial weight on the property and during transportation. On the property, the pre-exposed steers lost about 12% of their original liveweight and the naïve about 9%. Transit losses were a further 5 and 4% of pre-transport liveweights, respectively. The steers did not reach their initial liveweights until day 41 of feedlotting. The pre-exposure treatment did not affect final liveweight, but feed intakes were lower for the pre-exposed animals than the naïve ones during the first 16 days of feedlotting, and the pre-exposed steers had superior average daily gains and feed conversion efficiencies. These effects were probably due to a combination of compensation and improved feed digestibility, as a result of the pre-exposed animals being under-fed on the property, but receiving concentrated grain supplement. There was no effect of focal status on productivity.Flight speed and the subjective fear of humans test were significantly correlated. Neither treatment nor focal status affected flight speeds, but flight speeds decreased in the latter part of feedlotting, were highly correlated between days and negatively correlated with average daily gain and intakes.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components of lambs fed different levels of crambe meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4073-4084
Author(s):  
Vivian Maria Deval ◽  
◽  
Angela Rocio Poveda-Parra ◽  
Erica Regina Rodrigues ◽  
Gianne Evans Cunha Falocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crambe Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of this study was to evaluate different levels of crambe meal (0, 330, 670 and 1,000 g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) as a replacement for soybean meal in diets supplied to feedlot lambs, and their effects on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components. Twenty-four castrated lambs weighing 18.2 kg at the beginning of the experiment were allocated in a completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the lamb for an average daily gain of 0.200 kg. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 60:40, using Brachiaria dyctioneura hay as roughage. Dry matter intake, feed conversion, average daily gain, carcass traits and non-carcass components were evaluated. There was no effect of different levels of crambe meal replacing soybean meal on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components, except heart weight. Replacement 1,000 g kg-1 DM of soybean meal protein by crambe meal protein does not affect the performance, carcass traits, or non-carcass components.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass characteristics, and centesimal composition of meat from Santa Inês lambs and Texel crossbred lambs (Santa Inês × Texel)

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Iolanda Aparecida Nunes ◽  
Ricardo Alessandro Martins Brito ◽  
Letícia Aparecida de Morais ◽  
Vanessa Souza Silva ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, and centesimal composition of the meat of intact and castrated lambs of the Santa Inês breed and of the crossbred animals: one-half Santa Inês × one-half Texel. Thirty-four lambs were used, nine intact and nine castrated males of the Santa Inês breed, and seven intact and nine castrated crossbred males, all aged between 6 and 7 mo and with an average live weight of 18.2 kg. The design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial (two crossing and two sexual conditions), with statistical analyses performed in the STAT version 9.4 program. There was a significant difference the Santa Inês and the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals in feed conversion and average daily gain, with superiority of the latter group. Castration of animals aged <12 mo had no significant effect on the performance and on the carcass traits of the Texel and Santa Inês crossbred animals, whereas the genotype had a great influence on weight gain and on subjective and quantitative carcass characteristics, demonstrating that crosses in sheep are needed to explore the complementarity of breeds, and heterosis is needed to achieve better performances and carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Sweet vs. Salty Former Food Products in Post-Weaning Piglets: Effects on Growth, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Blood Metabolites

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3315
Author(s):  
Alice Luciano ◽  
Marco Tretola ◽  
Sharon Mazzoleni ◽  
Nicoletta Rovere ◽  
Francesca Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Daily Gain

Former food products (FFPs) have a great potential to replace conventional feed ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the possibility to partially replace standard ingredients with two different types of FFPs: bakery (FFPs-B) or confectionary (FFPs-C) FFPs and their effects on growth performances, feed digestibility and metabolic status in post-weaning piglets. Thirty-six post-weaning piglets were randomly assigned to three experimental diets (n = 12 per diet) for 42 days: a standard diet (CTR), a diet where 30% of standard ingredients were replaced by confectionary FFPs (FFPs-C) and a diet where 30% of standard ingredients were replaced by bakery FFPs (FFPs-B). Individual body weight and fecal dry matter were measured weekly. Feed intake (FI) was determined daily. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Fecal samples were collected daily for three days/week to determine apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (ATTD). At day 0, 21 and 42, blood samples were collected from all the piglets. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups were found in growth performances and metabolic profile. However, ATTD in FFPs-B group was lower (p < 0.05) compared to the CTR group at the end of the experiment. This study confirmed the possibility to formulate homogeneous diets integrated with 30% of both categories of FFPs. Further investigations are needed to clarify the effects of bakery former food products on the digestibility of the diet.

scholarly journals Digestion, growth performance and caecal fermentation in growing rabbits fed diets containing foliage of browse trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Abu Hafsa ◽  
A.Z.M. Salem ◽  
A.A. Hassan ◽  
A.E. Kholif ◽  
M.M.Y. Elghandour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Caecal Fermentation ◽  
Daily Gain

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dried foliage (leaves and petioles) of <em>Acacia saligna</em>, <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> or <em>Moringa oleifera</em> on the performance, digestibility, N utilisation, caecal fermentation and microbial profiles in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. One hundred weaned male NZW rabbits weighing 819.2±16.6 g and aged 35±1 d were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 25 rabbits each. Rabbits were fed on pelleted diets containing 70% concentrate mixture and 30% Egyptian berseem (<em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em>) hay (Control diet) or one of the other 3 experimental diets, where 50% of berseem hay was replaced with <em>A. saligna</em> (AS), <em>L. leucocephala</em> (LL) or <em>M. oleifera</em> (MO). Compared to Control diet, decreases in dry matter (DM; <em>P</em>=0.004), organic matter (<em>P</em>=0.028), crude protein (CP; <em>P</em>=0.001), neutral detergent fibre (<em>P</em>=0.033) and acid detergent fibre (<em>P</em>=0.011) digestibility were observed with the AS diet. However, DM and CP digestibility were increased by 3% with the MO diet, and N utilisation was decreased (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) with AS. Rabbits fed AS and LL diets showed decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001) average daily gain by 39 and 7%, respectively vs. Control. Feed conversion was similar in Control and MO rabbits, whereas rabbits fed AS diet ate up to 45% more feed (<em>P</em>=0.002) than Control rabbits to gain one kg of body weight. Caecal ammonia-N was increased (<em>P</em>=0.002) with LL, while acetic acid was decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001) with AS diet vs. other treatments. Caecal <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp. bacteria counts were decreased with MO by about 44 and 51%, respectively, vs. Control. In conclusion, under the study conditions, tree foliage from <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>L. leucocephala</em> are suitable fibrous ingredients to be included up to 150 g/kg in the diets of growing rabbits, and can safely replace 50% of berseem hay in diets of NZW rabbits without any adverse effect on their growth performance. Foliage from <em>M. oleifera </em>had a better potential as a feed for rabbits than that from <em>L. leucocephala</em>. Although foliage from <em>A. saliga </em>may be also used at 150 g/kg in the diets of growing rabbits, this level of inclusion may result in reduced feed digestibility and growth performance.</p>

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits, and relative organ weight of broiler supplemented by guanidinoacetic acid: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Y Hardiyanto ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
R Mutia ◽  
S Nofyangtri
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is formed by the arginine and glycine that are catalysed by arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in the kidney. In the liver, GAA is methylated by s-adenosyl methionine and converted to creatine, then deposited into muscle as energy supply. This meta-analysis was done by integrating 20 articles from various journals. Supplementation doses ranged from 0 to 8000 ppm/kg feed. The mixed model methodology was employed with GAA level and broiler strain as fixed effects and studies as random effects. The results showed that increasing GAA level improved average daily gain day 0-21 and reduced feed conversion ratio day 0-35 (P<0.05). A higher GAA also accompanied by decreasing relative liver weight (P<0.05). GAA supplementation did not affect average daily feed intake and percentage of carcass traits (carcass, legs, breast, wings, drum, thigh) and other parameters such as abdominal fat, gizzard, heart, bursa, thymus and spleen (P>0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of GAA improved the performance of broilers.

scholarly journals Productivity, carcass and meat quality of lot-fed Bos indicus cross steers grouped according to temperament

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Petherick ◽  
R. G. Holroyd ◽  
V. J. Doogan ◽  
B. K. Venus
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Meat Samples

One hundred and twenty Bos indicus cross steers were allocated to 3 treatments (good, mixed and poor) on the basis of flight speed, as a measure of cattle temperament. The cattle were lot-fed for 100 days and data collected at intervals on their temperament (flight speeds) and productivity (liveweight changes, body condition, pen feed intakes) during this time. After slaughter, data were collected on carcass traits and meat quality. Eating-quality attributes were measured in meat samples from 22 carcasses from each treatment. Flight speeds were highly correlated across animals and within treatments, showed little change in variability over time and were highly repeatable. Flight speed indicated a slight deterioration in temperament with time in the feedlot until day 70, suggesting an increasing fearfulness in the steers. Differences in flight speeds between treatments were maintained throughout the feedlotting period; poor-temperament animals retained poor temperaments and good retained good. Flight speed was correlated with measures of production, and flight speed measured at feedlot induction was a predictor of performance. Correlations and treatment effects showed that cattle with poor temperaments had poorer average daily gains, feed conversion efficiencies, body conditions and dressing percentages compared with those with good temperaments. Reduced performance in the poor-temperament animals may have resulted from their fearfulness and state of high arousal. Treatment (temperament grouping) did not influence carcass traits, but there was evidence of lower initial pH levels and indicators of 'heat-shortening' in the meat of steers with poor temperament compared with those with good temperament. These findings suggest that the poor temperament steers were more susceptible to pre-slaughter stressors than the good temperament animals. However, the meat quality differences were not detected in eating-quality measurements.

scholarly journals Productivity of Bali Cattle Fed Ration Supplemented by Molasses Containing Several Types of Defaunation Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
AANBS Dinata ◽  
Yusti Pujiawati ◽  
S Aurum
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="abstrak2">Defaunation agents and molasses combination indicate able to improve digestibility of feed. This study was conducted to assest productivity of Bali Cattle fed ration supplemented with molasses solution containing several types of defaunation agents (moladef). Twenty Bali Cattle with average body weight of 307.56±52.46 kg were used in this research for six months. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were P1 : Napier grass+pollard 1. 5 kg/head/day, P2 : napier grass + pollard 1. 5 kg/head/day + Hibiscus tiliaceus moladef 10 cc/head/day, P3 : napier grass + pollard 1. 5 kg/head/day + Hibiscus rosasinensis moladef, P4 : napier grass + pollard 1. 5 kg/head/day + Aloe vera moladef 10 cc/head/day . The parameters observed were average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed digestibility. This study suggest that the best average daily gain (ADG) was found in treatment P2 is 543,13 g/head/day. Treatment P2 also showed highest dry matter digestibility and crude fiber digestibility was 81,36% and 73,85%.  It is concluded that Bali Cattle fed on napier grass + pollard 1. 5 kg/head/day + Hibiscus tiliaceus moladef 10 cc/head/day resulted in the highest ADG and CF digestibility.</p>

The effect of preweaning growth restriction on the feed intake and efficiency of cattle on a grain-based diet before slaughter

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Hennessy ◽  
P. F. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated

Records on 78 steers and heifers were used to determine relationships among different measures of growth, feed efficiency and carcass traits, and to evaluate the effects of 2 preweaning growth rates on growth and efficiency in a feedlot. The preweaning growth rates [g/day; 871 (high) or 466 (low)] were imposed on the steers and heifers for 115 days before they were weaned at a mean age of 220 days. They were 'backgrounded' for 7 months on high quality pastures before finishing on grain-based diets in a feedlot for 85 days. The cattle were then slaughtered and carcass measurements recorded. Estimates were made on 10 growth and feed efficiency indices during the feedlot, and 5 carcass traits were assessed at slaughter. Of the indices, the Kleiber ratio which does not require measurement of feed intake (r = 0.98), was highly correlated with relative growth rate (RGR), as was feed conversion ratio (FCR, r = –0.82), which includes feed intake in the calculation. Residual feed intake, calculated using the expected feed intake estimated from the dataset (RFIREG), was correlated (r = 0.62) with RFI calculated from Australian feeding standards (RFISCA), and with FCR (r = 0.45). FCR was not correlated with either carcass rib or hot P8 fat depths but was significantly correlated with carcass weight (0.39), dressing percentage (0.41) and eye muscle area (0.33). RFIREG was not correlated with any of the 5 carcass traits. Whilst the average daily gain in the feedlot was similar between the 2 preweaning groups (1.544 kg/day), the low group was significantly (P<0.05) lighter at feedlot entry (323 v. 376 kg). Daily feed intake was lower (P<0.01) in the low group (10.9 v. 11.8 kg) such that the FCR tended to be lower (P<0.10) relative to the high group. Differences between the preweaning treatment groups were not significant for the other measures of feed efficiency. The results indicate that early life nutritional restriction has some influence on FCR in the feedlot, but little effect on those feed efficiency measures, such as RFI, that account for energy required for both maintenance of liveweight and growth.

scholarly journals Live Yeast or Live Yeast Combined with Zinc Oxide Enhanced Growth Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, Immunoglobulins and Gut Health in Nursery Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Shenfei Long ◽  
Tengfei He ◽  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Qinghui Shang ◽  
Tadele Kiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Live Yeast

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary LY or LY combined with ZnO supplementation on performance and gut health in nursery pigs. 192 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (weaned on d 32 of the age with 9.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were allocated into four treatments with eight replicate pens, six piglets per pen. The treatments included a basal diet as control (CTR), an antibiotic plus ZnO diet (CTC-ZnO, basal diet + 75 mg/kg of chlortetracycline + ZnO (2000 mg/kg from d 1 to 14, 160 mg/kg from d 15 to 28)), a LY diet (LY, basal diet + 2 g/kg LY), and a LY plus ZnO diet (LY-ZnO, basal diet + 1 g/kg LY + ZnO). The results showed that pigs fed LY or LY-ZnO had increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, serum IgA, IgG, superoxide dismutase, fecal butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate compared with CTR. In conclusion, pigs fed diets with LY or LY combined with ZnO had similar improvement to the use of antibiotics and ZnO in performance, antioxidant status, immunoglobulins, and gut health in nursery pigs.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

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