Somatic hybridisation for improvement of citrus rootstock: production of five new combinations with potential for improved disease resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pereira de Carvalho Costa ◽  
B. M. J. Mendes ◽  
F. A. A. Mourão Filho
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Somatic Hybridisation ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Intergeneric Somatic Hybrid

The development of biotechnological tools such as protoplast fusion has provided a means of bypassing natural barriers related to reproductive biology of citrus found in conventional breeding systems. We report the production of 4 interspecific somatic hybrids, Cleopatra mandarin + Volkamer lemon, Ruby Blood sweet orange + Volkamer lemon, Rohde Red Valencia sweet orange + Volkamer lemon, and Rangpur lime + Sunki mandarin, and 1 intergeneric somatic hybrid, Valencia sweet orange + Fortunella obovata (Tanaka), which may be included and evaluated in rootstock improvement programs. Protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic calli and seedling leaves, and chemically fused with polyethylene glycol. Plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis and somatic hybridisation was confirmed by foliar morphology, cytological and DNA (RAPD) analyses. Somatic hybrids may combine required rootstock characteristics such as tolerance to citrus blight, tristeza virus, and Phytophthora, and have potential for control of tree size due to polyploidy.

scholarly journals Caipira sweet orange + Rangpur lime: a somatic hybrid with potential for use as rootstock in the Brazilian citrus industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Januzzi Mendes-da-Glória ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants between Caipira sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck). The plants were confirmed as somatic hybrids by leaf morphology, chromosome number and RAPD profile. All regenerated plants were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), with intermediate leaf morphology and complementary RAPD banding profile of both parents. This combination may be useful as a rootstock for the citrus industry in Southeastern Brazil since this somatic hybrid could combine the drought tolerance and vigor of Rangpur lime with the blight tolerance of Caipira sweet orange.

scholarly journals Somatic hybridization between Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and C. grandis (L.) Osbeck

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Cristina Calixto ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes ◽  
Maria Lúcia Carneiro Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Tristeza Virus

This work had as objective to produce citrus somatic hybrids between sweet oranges and pummelos. After chemical fusion of sweet orange embryogenic protoplasts with pummelo mesophyll-derived protoplasts, plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and acclimatized in a greenhouse. The hybrids of 'Hamlin' sweet orange + 'Indian Red' pummelo and 'Hamlin' sweet orange + 'Singapura' pummelo were confirmed by leaf morphology, chromosome counting and molecular analysis. These hybrids have potential to be used directly as rootstocks aiming blight, citrus tristeza virus, and Phytophthora-induced disease tolerance, as well as for rootstocks improvement programs.

Rootstock and scion effects on the leaf nutrient composition of citrus trees

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
RT Dimsey
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
High Range

Four long-term citrus rootstock trials (navel orange, mandarin, Valencia orange, and lime soil trial) established at Irymple, in the Sunraysia district of Victoria, were tested for leaf nutrient composition in each of 2 years. Scion or rootstock significantly influenced leaf nutrient composition in orange and mandarin trees in all 4 trials. Poncirus trifoliata and citrange rootstocks and Ellendale tangor scion resulted in high to moderate leaf N, P, and K concentrations, while Symons sweet orange rootstock and Dancy mandarin gave low leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations. Potassium concentrations of navel and Valencia oranges on rough lemon rootstock were lower than on most of the other rootstocks tested. For all rootstocks, however, leaf N, P, and K concentrations were in the high range in the navel orange and Valencia orange trials, while leaf K concentrations were in the high range in the mandarin trial. Citrange rootstocks and Ellendale scion also had higher concentrations of leaf magnesium (Mg), while Symons sweet orange, Cox sweet orange, and Rangpur lime had lower leaf Mg concentrations than other rootstocks and scions. In the Valencia rootstock trial, rough lemon and Rangpur lime induced the highest leaf sulfur concentrations, while citrange rootstocks gave the lowest. Soil depth in the lime soil trial influenced foliar P and K levels in Valencia orange trees but these differences were small. In all trials, rootstock, but not scion, strongly influenced chloride (Cl) concentrations of citrus leaves. Poncirus trifoliata rootstock accumulated high concentrations of Cl, and the citrange rootstocks moderate, while Cleopatra mandarin rootstock showed consistently low leaf C1 concentrations in all trials. Rough lemon rootstock was not consistently good at excluding C1, and Rangpur lime showed good C1 exclusion only in the Valencia rootstock trial. There was no evidence of a negative relationship between uptake of N and C1 by citrus rootstocks. Poncirus trifoliata had a lower uptake of sodium (Na) in the Valencia rootstock trial, while Cleopatra and Emperor mandarin rootstocks showed slightly higher leaf Na levels than most other rootstocks tested. The 2 citranges, mandarin, rough lemon, and Rangpur lime rootstocks induced higher boron (B) concentrations in leaves of navel orange compared with other rootstocks but they were still in the adequate range for citrus (Reuter and Robinson 1986), while sweet orange rootstocks had lower levels. Emperor mandarin scion on all rootstocks tested had the lowest B levels. Concentrations of iron and copper were rarely influenced by scion or rootstock. Rootstock significantly influenced leaf manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) levels in a number of trials, but scion effects were minor. In comparison with all other rootstocks, rough lemon induced higher Mn levels in some cases; sweet orange rootstocks gave higher leaf Zn levels in other cases; while Rangpur lime induced higher Mn and Zn levels in trees grown in the lime soil trial. In the first 3 trials, concentrations of Zn and Mn were low in many of the rootstocks and scions, indicating a need for a second micronutrient spray per growing season.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF ‘TUXPAN VALENCIA’ SWEET ORANGE GRAFTED ONTO 14 ROOTSTOCKS IN NORTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NATIANA DE OLIVEIRA FRANÇA ◽  
MAURICIO DA SILVA AMORIM ◽  
EDUARDO AUGUSTO GIRARDI ◽  
ORLANDO SAMPAIO PASSOS ◽  
WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Canopy Volume

ABSTRACT In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the citrus industry is located on the north coast with the prevalence of the combination ‘Pera’ sweet orange on ‘Rangpur’ lime. Scion-rootstock diversification may contribute to the increase of yield and the extension of harvest season, as long as to decrease the risk associated to abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, the performance of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’ sweet orange grafted onto 14 rootstocks was evaluated in Rio Real – BA. Planting was performed in 2006 under rainfed cultivation on cohesive ultisol and tree spacing of 6.0 m x 4.0 m. Tree size, yield and fruit quality were evaluated in the period of 2010-2014, in addition to tree survival at nine years old and drought tolerance in the field based on leaf wilting. In the evaluated conditions, ‘Sunki Tropical’ and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarins led to the highest scion canopy volume. The highest accumulated yield in five harvests was recorded on ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon, ‘Riverside’ and ‘Indio’ citrandarins, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and the hybrid TSKC x (LCR x TR) – 001. ‘Riverside’ and TSKFL x CTSW – 049 induced higher yield efficiency on the canopy. The rootstocks did not influence the tree survival nine years after planting except for lower survival of TSKFL x CTSW – 049. Drought tolerance was not affected either. Regarding to the fruit quality of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’, the rootstocks influenced the juice content, soluble solids and technological index with the citrandarins, ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon and ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin presenting higher performance in general.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES UNDER SALT STRESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS ERIC BARBOSA BRITO ◽  
FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ ◽  
WLATER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO ◽  
LUDERLÂNDIO DE ANDRADE SILVA ◽  
PEDRO DANTAS FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Citrus Rootstock

ABSTRACT High salt concentration in water are common in Brazilian semirad region, being important to research alternatives for use this waters on crop, like use of tolerant genotypes to salinity. Thus, in order to evaluate the saline stress perception of citrus rootstocks varieties crop from gas exchange and fluorescence analysis, an experiment was realized in greenhouse at the Center for Science and Technology Agrifood, CCTA, of Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brazil. It was studied in a randomized block design with factorial scheme (2x4), two salinity levels (0.3 and 4.0 dSm-1) and four varieties of citrus rootstocks [1 -common Sunki mandarin (TSKC), 2 - Florida Rough lemon (LRF), 3 -Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) and 4-Volkamer lemon (LVK)], with three replications. The citrus rootstocks varieties grown on hydroponic system and at 90 days after sowing the plants were evaluated by gas exchange and PSII fluorescence at 0, 24 and 48 hours after application of treatments to determine the times for the physiological establishment of salt stress. The first 48h under saline conditions promoted changes in gas exchange and PSII fluorescence in varieties TSKC, LRF and LCRSTC indicating the begin of physiological stress; the common ‘Sunki’ mandarin and the ‘Florida Rough’ lemon are the more sensitive genotypes to saline stress, in order hand the ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime and ‘Volkamer’ lemon are the genotypes more tolerant.

scholarly journals Production of 'Valência' sweet orange on 41 rootstocks in the north of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
André Luiz Fadel ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
Yuri Caires Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
The North ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

Abstract: The objective of this work was to select alternative rootstocks to 'Rangpur' lime for 'Valência' sweet orange scions in the northern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, based on initial fruit yield. Forty-one rootstocks were evaluated in an experiment carried out in March 2007, in the municipality of Colômbia, in the state of São Paulo. The accumulated fruit yield of 'Valência' sweet orange was assessed in the 2009, 2010, and 2011 crop seasons. The rootstocks 'Sunki' mandarin x Poncirus. trifoliata 'English', 'Malvasio SRA 115' mandarin, 'C-13' “S” citrange, 'Sunki' mandarin x P. trifoliata 'Benecke', 'Valência Rhode Red' sweet orange + 'Volkamer' lemon, 'C-54-4-4 SRA 337' mandarin, 'Cleopatra' mandarin x P. trifoliata 'Rubidoux', and 'À Peau Lisse SRA 267' have potential to replace 'Rangpur' lime in the northern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘PERA’ SWEET ORANGE GRAFTED ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO HÉLDER RODRIGUES SAMPAIO ◽  
MAURÍCIO ANTONIO COELHO FILHO ◽  
LAERCIO DUARTE SOUZA ◽  
RALPH BRUNO FRANÇA BRITO ◽  
ROBERVAL OLIVEIRA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate, under field conditions, different combinations between ‘Pera’ sweet orange and eight rootstocks: ‘Rangpur’ lime (RL), ‘Volkamer’ lemon (VL), ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (CM), ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarin (SMM), ‘Indio’ and ‘Riverside’ citrandarins, and VL x RL (‘Rangpur’ lime)-010 and TH-051 hybrids. The soil water matric potential (?m) was characterized for all scion-rootstock combinations at distance of 1.0m from the trunk at the plant row direction and depths of 0.25 m, 0.50 m 0.90 m in the dry and wet seasons. For two years, fruit production parameters and fruit quality were assessed. Differences of Ym among scion-rootstock combinations were observed during the dry season (p=0.05). The lowest Ym values for RL and the highest for TH-051 indicate the existence of different intrinsic mechanisms affecting the water extraction of each scion-rootstock combination. Rootstocks have influenced fruit yield and quality (p=0.05). The best combinations for fruit quality and production were sweet orange grafted on ‘Riverside’, ‘Indio’ and TH-051 rootstocks.

scholarly journals Sudden Death of Citrus in Brazil: A Graft-Transmissible Bud Union Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Román ◽  
M. Cambra ◽  
J. Juárez ◽  
P. Moreno ◽  
N. Duran-Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Sieve Tubes

Citrus Sudden Death (CSD), a new, graft-transmissible disease of sweet orange and mandarin trees grafted on Rangpur lime rootstock, was first seen in 1999 in Brazil, where it is present in the southern Triângulo Mineiro and northwestern São Paulo State. The disease is a serious threat to the citrus industry, as 85% of 200 million sweet orange trees in the State of São Paulo are grafted on Rangpur lime. After showing general decline symptoms, affected trees suddenly collapse and die, in a manner similar to trees grafted on sour orange rootstock when affected by tristeza decline caused by infection with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). In tristeza-affected trees, the sour orange bark near the bud union undergoes profound anatomical changes. Light and electron microscopic studies showed very similar changes in the Rangpur lime bark below the bud union of CSD-affected trees: size reduction of phloem cells, collapse and necrosis of sieve tubes, overproduction and degradation of phloem, accumulation of nonfunctioning phloem (NFP), and invasion of the cortex by old NFP. In both diseases, the sweet orange bark near the bud union was also affected by necrosis of sieve tubes, and the phloem parenchyma contained characteristic “chromatic” cells. In CSD-affected trees, these cells were seen not only in the sweet orange phloem, but also in the Rangpur lime phloem. Recent observations indicated that CSD affected not only citrus trees grafted on Rangpur lime but also those on Volkamer lemon, with anatomical symptoms similar to those seen in Rangpur lime bark. Trees on alternative rootstocks, such as Cleopatra mandarin and Swingle citrumelo, showed no symptoms of CSD. CSD-affected trees did recover when they were inarched with seedlings of these rootstocks, but not when inarched with Rangpur lime seedlings. These results indicate that CSD is a bud union disease. In addition, the bark of inarched Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon seedlings showed, near the approach-graft union, the same anatomical alterations as the bud union bark from the Rangpur lime rootstock in CSD-affected trees. The dsRNA patterns from CSD-affected trees and unaffected trees were similar and indicative of CTV. CSD-affected trees did not react by immunoprinting-ELISA using monoclonal antibodies against 11 viruses. No evidence supported the involvement of viroids in CSD. The potential involvement of CTV and other viruses in CSD is discussed.

scholarly journals 362 PRODUCTION OF SEVEN NEW INTERGENERIC SOMATIC HYBRIDS FOR CITRUS ROOTSTOCK IMPROVEMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482g-483
Author(s):  
Francisco A. A. Mourão Fo ◽  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Protoplast Culture ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Citrus Rootstock

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants from the following combinations: `Succari' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) + Severinia disticha; `Hamlin' sweet orange (C. sinensisj + S. disticha: `Valencia' sweet orange (C. sinesis) + S. disticha; `Nova' tangelo (C. reticulata hybrid) + S. disticha; `Succari' sweet orange + S. buxifolia; `Nova' tangelo + Citropsis gilletiana; and `Succari' sweet orange + Atlantia ceylanica. `Succari', `Hamlin', `Valencia', and `Nova' protoplasts were Isolated from ovule-derived embryogenic callus and/or suspension cultures whereas protoplasts of S. disticha, S. buxifolia, C. gilletiana, and A. ceylanica were isolated from leaves of potted trees in a greenhouse. Plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis and somatic hybrids were identified on the basis of leaf morphology. Electrophoretic analysis of isozyme banding patterns and root tip chromosome counts are being performed. Somatic hybrids with S. disticha are apparently weak whereas the other somatic hybrid plants with S. buxifolia, C. gilletiana, and A. ceylanica exhibit adequate vigor. These are more examples that the the techique of protoplast fusion can be an important tool in overcoming barriers to hybridization of sexually incompatible species.

scholarly journals Eight New Somatic Hybrid Citrus Rootstocks with Potential for Improved Disease Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliezer S. Louzada ◽  
Jude W. Grosseti ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
Beatriz Nielsen ◽  
J.L. Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of vigorous tetraploid somatic hybrid plants from eight complementary parental rootstock combinations: Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. aurantium L. (sour orange), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. jambhiri Lush (rough lemon), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. (Volkamer lemon), C. reticulata (Cleopatra mandarin) + C. limonia Osb. (Rang-pur), C. sinensis (L.) Osb. (Hamlin sweet orange) + C. limonia (Rangpur), C. aurantium (sour orange) + C. volkameriana (Volkamer lemon) zygotic seedling, C. auruntium hybrid (Smooth Flat Seville) + C. jambhiri (rough lemon), and C. sinensis (Valencia sweet orange) + Carrizo citrange [C. paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Diploid plants were regenerated from nonfused callus-derived protoplasts of Valencia sweet orange and Smooth Flat Seville and from nonfused leaf protoplasts of sour orange, Rangpur, rough lemon, and Volkamer lemon. Regenerated plants were classified according to leaf morphology, chromosome number, and leaf isozyme profiles. All somatic hybrid plants were tetraploid (2n = 4× = 36). One autotetraploid plant of the Volkamer lemon zygotic was recovered, apparently resulting from a homokaryotic fusion. These eight new citrus somatic hybrids have been propagated and entered into field trials.

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