Ecology and biogeography of Cassia brewsteri: assessment of potential sites for cultivation

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Cunningham ◽  
E. R. Anderson ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ecological Parameters

Cassia brewsteri (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth. has been identified as a potential multipurpose agroforestry species, and also as a potential source of seed galactomannans (industrial gums). In this study, the natural and cultivated distributions of C. brewsteri were used as a basis for predicting potential sites for cultivation of the tree, using the climate modelling software ANUCLIM. The natural distribution was determined by compilation of data from herbaria and from field studies. The ecological parameters of natural occurrences were characterised in terms of soil and vegetation types by sampling 113 sites throughout the natural distribution in Queensland (18.583–26.150°S, 144.750–152.750°N). In addition to the natural occurrences, a further 11 sites were identified where the tree has been grown successfully in cultivation. Failures of the tree in agroforestry trials in Thailand may be explained by high temperature as a limiting factor in the distribution of the species. Failures of the species in trials in Australia, Zimbabwe and Malawi could not be attributed to climate or soil conditions at the trial sites, indicating that further research on culture of the tree is required to achieve high survival and growth rates.

scholarly journals General-Purpose Forest Plough

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Иван Бартенев ◽  
Ivan Bartenev ◽  
Михаил Лысыч ◽  
Mikhail Lysych ◽  
Михаил Шабанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Waterlogged Soils ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Single Instrument ◽  
Specific Amount

The basic soil preparation is an important factor in ensuring high survival rate and preservation of cultural plants. Its objective is to loosen the soil to a predetermined depth, it is also important to ensure the containment of weeds growth in areas, adjacent to the row of crop strips. Depending on soil conditions it may be cutting of one or double earthboard furrows (drained soil) and in the formation of microhill (temporarily waterlogged soils). For these purposes, currently, ploughs PKL-70, PRL-70, PL-1, PLM-1.5A, PDV-1.5, PL-2-50, PLD-1.2, etc. are used. Their common drawback is the ability to perform only one operation. A large variety of used tillage equipment and its low efficiency confirms the urgency of developing multi-tools modular construction. This will effectively produce basic preparation of the soil in a variety of conditions with a single instrument. The article provides a description of design and basic layout options of multifunctional plough. By simple changeovers, carried out on site, the plough can be adapted for the main preparation of soil on clearings with drained and temporarily waterlogged soils. It is also possible to change the distance between the bodies of the plow in accordance with the specified rows and rearrange them to work "in" or "out". Process works is modeled in conditions of non-uprooted cutting. The simulation experiment showed high efficiency of the plough, which is ensured by the presence of safety recoverable devices. Replacement in the forestry enterprise of a set of ploughs with one multipurpose plough will reduce total specific amount of metal almost in 4 times.

scholarly journals Effects of roads and adjacent areas on diversity of terrestrial isopods of Hungarian highway verges

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diána Vona-Túri ◽  
Tünde Szmatona-Túri ◽  
Balázs Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Roadside Verges ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Suitable Environment

AbstractTransportation infrastructure may be the most important driver of social and economic development, but it is a major cause of environmental change in landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to report road edge effects on isopods of Hungarian highway verges. We examined the isopod diversity along five highways (M0, M1, M3, M5, M7) while accounting for road edge proximity and the adjacent areas. Double-glass pitfall traps were set in a total of 15 sites and at three distances from the edge of the roads next to different types of adjacent areas. We found differences between ecological parameters of isopod communities in relation to adjacent areas as well as to road edge proximity. The highest diversity was observed near urban areas, while the lowest was near the arable fields. Isopod diversity increased with decreasing distance from a road. Species diversity of different types of verges based on adjacent areas varied strongly in relation to road edge proximity. A medium distance (40 m) from roads had a positive effect on species richness, while verges next to arable fields were the most species-rich habitats. The general conclusion of this study is that highway verges provided suitable environment conditions for generalist isopod species but may be a limiting factor for specialist isopods. Moreover, highway verges function as corridors for isopods. The proximity of roads and urban areas positively affected isopods, and verges close to roads and urban areas are considered as an attractive environment for isopods in heterogeneous roadside verges.

Dog mustard (Erucastrum gallicum) response to crop competition

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Crop Competition

Greenhouse studies suggested that dog mustard was less competitive than wheat, but of similar competitiveness to flax. In field studies, dog mustard growth and development were markedly affected by crop competition. Competition from flax and wheat reduced dog mustard leaf area, shoot dry weight, plant height, and seed production compared with the weed grown on summer-fallow. Dog mustard was a prolific seed producer when grown in the absence of interspecific competition. On summer-fallow, dog mustard produced as many as 79,100 seeds plant−1when moisture was not a limiting factor. However, average seed production was 19,400 and 8000 seeds plant−1in 1994 and 1995, respectively.

Seed disinfection: III. Experiments on the germination of peas. Seed protection by the use of disinfectant dusts containing mercury

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Brett ◽  
W. A. R. Weston Dillon ◽  
J. R. Booer
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ungerminated Seed ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi

In a previous paper(1) reference was made to the subject of seed disinfection, in particular to an investigation on disinfectant dusts containing mercury. It was shown that by the use of certain of these dusts the common seed-borne diseases of cereals (excluding the loose smuts of barley and wheat) could be controlled. The present observations record further work, chiefly greenhouse and field studies, that has been done on green peas. This crop would appear to be of increasing economic importance, since in the past ten years the acreage devoted to it has increased by approximately 49 per cent. Its successful cultivation is often much influenced by climatic and soil conditions, particularly during the first few weeks after sowing. If adverse weather conditions follow, poor germination may result although the seed sown may have been viable and not necessarily diseased. Failures of such a type are usually associated with the rotting of the ungerminated seed in the soil, but from the same bulks, samples sown under more favourable conditions may germinate well and produce a satisfactory crop. Ogilvie (2,3,4) finds that in the Western Advisory province Ascochyta Pisi and Mycosphaerella pinodes are two causes of the early failure of pea plants, and that “pea sickness” is associated with a strain of the eelworm Heterodera schachtii and with foot-rot caused by various species of Fusarium. Premature dying-off of the plants is accompanied sometimes with Heterodera schachtii and foot-rot and sometimes with foot-rot alone.

Spatial distribution and seed mass variation of Strophostyles helvola along Lake Erie

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Yanful ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Recurrent Event ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
The Waves

Field studies were conducted to determine the survival, seed-mass variability, and reproductive strategies of wild bean, Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell., plants on the foredunes at Port Burwell Provincial Park along Lake Erie. In spring, a large number of seedlings were found on the drift-line (area of beach where detritis deposits are cast on shore by the waves) and a small number both on the lakeward (mid-beach) and landward (high-beach) ends of the drift-line. Plants growing on the mid-beach were larger and produced a significantly greater number of heavier seeds than those on the drift-line. However, during late fall and winter months, a large proportion of these seeds were moved by wind and wave action to the drift-line. Intraspecific competition was not a limiting factor on the mid-beach; however, on the drift-line, the number of seeds per plant decreased significantly with an increase in density of plants from about 1 to 140/m2, suggesting that intraspecific competition may be an important limiting factor in seed production per plant. The mean mass per seed significantly declined over the growing season of S. helvola. There was a significant increase in mean seed mass with increasing pod size. Seeds in the centre of a pod were significantly heavier than those at the proximal and distal ends of a pod. Strophostyles helvola is able to flourish in the constantly shifting shoreline beach habitats along Lake Erie owing to two main factors. First, it is able to fully utilize the highly variable beach microhabitats and maintain high total reproductive output per square metre. Second, since burial in sand is a major recurrent event on sandy beaches, the high variability in seed mass will be of adaptive significance because seedlings from large seeds will not only be able to emerge from greater depths of burial in sand but also will have greater probability of survival under burial conditions. Keywords: seed mass, plant location, Strophostyles helvola, seed position, spatial distribution.

TREE RINGS OF CEDRUS LIBANI AT THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF ITS NATURAL DISTRIBUTION

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ünal Akkemik
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Cedrus Libani ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Low Precipitation

The present study was carried out taking a total of 41 increment cores from three sites located in the northern boundary of Cedrus libani and three site chronologies were constructed. Three response functions were computed and a higher correlation with climate was found in the trees on the steep slopes. The low precipitation was an important limiting factor for growth. At the valley bottom site, neither precipitation, except for December, nor temperature, except for February were a limiting factor. The radial diameters of tracheids were measured, and the tracheid numbers representing the last seven years, from 1994 to 2000, were counted. Although the radial diameters were almost similar in all sites, the numbers of tracheids were greatest at the valley bottom site and lowest at the steep slope site.

Coppice growth responses of two North American willows in acidic clay soils on coal mine overburden

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mosseler ◽  
J. E. Major
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
North American ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Site Types

Mosseler, A. and Major, J. E. 2014. Coppice growth responses of two North American willows in acidic clay soils on coal mine overburden. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1269–1279. Acid-generating mine spoils with low pH are a major problem for revegetation and site reclamation. We compared growth responses of 15 genotypes from two widespread willow species, Salix discolor Muhl. (DIS) and S. eriocephala Michx. (ERI), native to eastern and central North America on two adjacent coal mine spoil sites that differed strongly in both pH (3.6 vs. 6.8) and soil texture. Despite significantly poorer growth responses for several coppice biomass traits on a highly acidic clay deposit compared with adjacent shale overburden, these willow clones demonstrated a surprising tolerance for extremely acidic soil conditions. Analysis of survival and growth uncovered genotype×environment interactions, indicating that both species and genotypic differences within species could be used to select better-adapted genotypes for extreme conditions. Most ERI and DIS clones grew comparatively better on the shale overburden site, but two of eight ERI clones and one of seven DIS clones grew significantly better on the acidic clay site, indicating the possibility for clonal selection for specific site adaptations within a species. Allometric relationships between coppice height and basal stem diameter were constant at both the species and site levels. However, there was a divergence of height and diameter in their relationship with green mass yields on the two different site types.

Some ecological aspects of Sitka spruce

1987 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

SynopsisThe general adaptations of the species are described in relation to the environment of its natural distribution and are shown to be well suited to its use as an exotic in forestry. What is known of natural stand dynamics has little relevance to the cultivation of the species in pure plantations but the interaction with climate and soils is important in determining the limits to its growth and in prediction of productivity. Atmospheric humidity, windiness and accumulated temperature appear to be the most influential climatic variables and, given adequate soil conditions, can be used to give good estimates of potential production. Sitka spruce flowers freely and regenerates readily, demonstrating its ability to survive unaided in British conditions.

Fertilization biology of the abalone Haliotis laevigata: laboratory and field studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1668-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Babcock ◽  
John Keesing
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Abalone Species ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distances

A combination of laboratory and field experiments with the commercial abalone species Haliotis laevigata showed that fertilization may be a limiting factor in some exploited populations when distances separating spawning individuals are too large. The effects of gamete age, gamete concentration, and gamete contact time in the laboratory were used to model fertilization success in situ and compared with experimental fertilization rates in the field. Highest fertilization rates in vitro (80%) were found for sperm concentrations in the range of 1 × 104 to 1 × 106·mL-1. Fertilization rates of 48 ± 1.7% (95% CI) were measured at separation distances of 2 m and dropped to 2.8 ± 0.7% (95% CI) at 16 m downstream, agreeing closely with rates predicted by the model. Recruitment failures reported for South Australian populations of H. laevigata have occurred when densities fell below ca.0.3 animals·m-2, or mean nearest-neighbor distances between 1 and 2 m. This density corresponds well to critical nearest-neighbor distances for fertilization success. Stocks at higher densities are predicted to have higher fertilization rates (ca.90%) such that fertilization success is not a factor limiting recruitment.

scholarly journals Aluminum Resistance among Seeded Bermudagrasses

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Aluminum Resistance

Aluminum toxicity is a major limiting factor for turfgrass establishment and growth when soil pH is <5.0. Limited information on aluminum resistance is available among warm-season turfgrasses and these turfgrasses often grow in the areas with acid soil conditions. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate seeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) cultivars for the ability to tolerate a high level of aluminum and 2) to measure the extent of aluminum damage to the root systems. In total, 16 bermudagrass cultivars were evaluated under greenhouse conditions using a solution culture and an acid Tatum soil (Clayey, mixed, thermic, typic, Hapludult). The soil had pH 4.4% and 69% exchangeable aluminum. A concentration of 640 μm aluminum and a pH 4.0 was used for solution culture. The grasses were grown for 28 days in solution culture; 28 days in the acid Tatum soil; and 78 days in the acid Tatum soil before harvesting. Aluminum resistance was determined by measuring the longest root length, the longest shoot length, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, and shoot to root ratio in comparing the control to obtain the relative Al resistance among the cultivars. The results indicate that seeded bermudagrass cultivars differ in their aluminum resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document