Control of tree size and vigour in custard apple (Annona spp. hybrid) cv. African Pride in subtropical Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Nissen ◽  
A. P. George
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Five methods of controlling tree size, viz. growth retardant (foliar-sprayed and trunk-injected paclobutrazol), root-restriction bags, cherimoya rootstock and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) interstock, were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield and fruit quality of custard apple (Annona spp. hybrid cv. African Pride) in subtropical Australia. Compared with trees on their own roots, sugar apple interstock was highly effective in dwarfing 'African Pride' trees, reducing tree canopy volume by 72-90%. Root-restriction bags (woven fibreglass) proved to be only partially effective in controlling tree size due to growth of major roots through the seams. Compared with trees on their own roots, cherimoya rootstock alone, and sugar apple interstock increased fruit weight per unit canopy volume by a maximum of 3- and 5-fold, respectively. Sugar apple interstock reduced the severity of fruit disorders 'woodiness' and 'brown pulp' by about 75 and 50%, respectively.

Effects of postharvest topping, autumn cincturing, and paclobutrazol on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
T Rassmussen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Combinations of 3 methods of controlling tree size (use of the growth retardant paclobutrazol, postharvest topping, and autumn cincturing) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia. Compared with controls over 3 seasons, paclobutrazol used alone reduced tree size by 34-52%, with further reductions when combined with light and severe postharvest topping (by 5-25 and 58-71%, respectively). Yield efficiency (as measured by yield per unit canopy volume) was significantly improved by paclobutrazol and was doubled when paclobutrazol was combined with severe postharvest topping. Although this combination reduced time associated with pruning, thinning, and harvesting, it had the disadvantage of delaying flowering and, consequently, fruit maturity in the subsequent harvest season. Light postharvest topping and autumn cincturing used with paclobutrazol had little effect on yield efficiency, fruit quality, or harvest period. The seasonal pattern of starch reserves for twigs was similar for all treatments, with starch levels falling to a minimum during the early harvest period. Measurements of starch in the major tree organs showed that at very low harvest increments (<10) there was little or no depletion of starch from the twigs and leaves, but as harvest increments increased (range 10-40), there was increasing starch depletion, in order of priority, from the roots, trunks, and limbs.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, Efficiency, and Fruit Quality of Five Navel Orange Clones During 4 Years

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez-López ◽  
Carlos J. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Selection Of

Clone 7 can increase three-fold the production of navel oranges in Puerto Rico. Clone 7 produced 293 fruits per tree. The number and weight of fruits per tree increased with age, whereas the size and fruit weight, navel volume and peel weight diminished. Growth measurements such as rootstock and scion diameter, scion/rootstock ratio, canopy diameter, tree height, and canopy volume are not as good parameters for the selection of navel orange clones as the number of fruits per m3 of canopy volume. Screening for varieties according to yield revealed that clones 5 and 7 were the most productive and that they should be recommended to the citrus growers. Clones 5 and 7 also had the highest Brix and acidity values, and an intermediate pH, which contribute to an appropriate Brix/acid ratio, typical of the high quality of these navel clones. The smallest fruits had significantly the highest juice percentage.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Washington Navel' orange on four rootstocks during the first four years of production.

1969 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Félix M. Román-Pérez ◽  
Agenol González-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Performance of the rootstocks 'Swingle citrumelo', 'Naronja' and mandarins 'Cleopatra' and 'Sun Chu Sha' on 'Washington Navel' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)] was evaluated at Corozal and Isabela, Puerto Rico, during the first four years of production. Mean number of fruit per tree was significantly different between locations and among rootstocks for 1996-97 and 1997- 98. Data were not taken in 1998-99 because of damage caused by Hurricane Georges. The first two years the amount of fruit was significantly higher at Corozal than at Isabela, with Swingle producing greatest fruit yield. In 1999-00 (fourth year of production) no significant differences between locations were detected for tree canopy volume. Significant differences for internal fruit quality were detected between locations and among rootstocks for acidity, brix/acidity ratio and pH. No significant differences were observed for brix between locations or among rootstocks.

scholarly journals Foliar Urea with N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide for Sustainable Yield and Quality of Pineapple in a Controlled Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6880
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amdadul Haque ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
Phebe Ding ◽  
Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Yield And Quality

In agricultural production, nitrogen loss leads to economic loss and is a high environmental risk affecting plant growth, yield, and quality. Use of the N fertilizer with a urease inhibitor is thus necessary to minimize N losses and increase the efficiency of N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) on the growth, yield, and quality of pineapple. The experiment involved two foliar fertilizer treatments: 1% (w/v) urea solution with NBPT (2.25 mL kg−1 urea) was treated as NLU (NBPT Liquid Urea), and the same concentration of urea without NBPT served as the control. Both were applied 12 times, starting 1 month after planting (MAP) and continuing once a month for 12 months. The application of urea with NBPT notably increased the above-ground dry biomass per plant (20% and 10% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), leaf area per plant (23% and 15% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), N accumulation per plant (10%), PFPN (Partial Factor Productivity) (13%), and average fruit weight (15%) compared to the treatment with urea alone (control). The analysis of quality parameters indicated that urea with NBPT improves TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (19%), ascorbic acid (10%), and sucrose (14%) but reduces the total organic acid content (21%) in pineapple. When using urea with a urease inhibitor (NBPT), there was a significant improvement in growth, yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, with the additional benefit of reduced nitrogen losses, in combination with easy handling. Hence, urea with a urease inhibitor can be used as a viable alternative for increasing pineapple yield by boosting growth with better fruit quality.

Growth and yield of clonal guavas in south-eastern Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
KR Chapman ◽  
B Paxton ◽  
DH Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Highly Correlated

Five processing guava clones (GA6- 1, GA7- 12, GA8-30, GA9-35, GA11-56) were tested over 3 cropping years at Nambour, in coastal south-eastern Queensland. Mean marketable yield for the first crop at 2 years of age was 45 kg/tree or 36.23 t/ha at a density of 805 trees/ha. GA11-56, the most acceptable clone for processing, also gave the highest marketable yields of 627, 71.65 and 72.53 t/ha for the first 3 crops. Yield per unit cross sectional area of trunk was a more simple and useful index of yield efficiency than more complex parameters including a fruitfulness index and multiple regressions with yield of north-south canopy spread, number of primary branches and combinations of these and trunk girth. Similarly, trunk - - girth provided at least as good an estimate of tree size as the vigour index. Tree dimension measurements which included east-west canopy spread, north-south canopy spread, tree height, stem height, number of primary branches, crown height, crown radius, tree canopy volume, canopy surface area and an index of crown weight provided no consistent indication of tree size. They were not highly correlated with either accumulated or final yield of the guava. The GA11-56 clone because of its yield, fruit size and other desirable processing characteristics was the only clone that could be recommended for commercial plantings.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Rootstock Influence on Water Use, Tree Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality at Harvest at Different Ages of Trees in ‘Pacific Gala’ Apple

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Bahar Fallahi ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Yield Efficiency

During various ages of tree between 2002 and 2007, the effects of four rootstocks and two irrigation systems using a crop evapotranspiration-based (ETc) water scheduling on water use, tree growth, yield, and fruit quality at harvest in ‘Pacific Gala’ apple [(Malus ×domestica) Borkh] were studied. The use of ETc when a precise crop coefficient value (Kc), modified by percentage of ground shade (GS) and tree canopy maturity (M) was used, provided a reliable tool for irrigation scheduling of ‘Pacific Gala’ apple. Young trees with a full sprinkler (FS) system received an average of 872.3 mm (5616.8 L/tree), whereas those with full drip (FD) received 448.9 mm (2921.1 L/tree). However, when trees were mature, trees with a FS system received an average of 994 mm (6461.7 L/tree), whereas trees with a FD received 614.1 mm (3996 L/tree) of irrigation water per growing season. Trees on ‘Budagovsky 9’ (‘B.9’) had smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) and higher yield efficiency, whereas those on ‘Supporter4’ (‘Sup.4’) had larger TCA and lower yield efficiency than those on other rootstocks in all years of the study. Trees on ‘Nic.9’ (‘RN29’) always had higher yield per tree as compared with those on other rootstocks. Trees on ‘RN29’ often had higher but trees on ‘B.9’ had lower fruit weight than did those on other rootstocks. Trees on ‘Sup.4’, despite their lower yields, had smaller fruits than those on ‘RN29’ every year and thus were not suitable for planting. Fruit from trees on ‘B.9’ and ‘Cornell-Geneva30’ (‘G.30’) often had higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) and starch degradation pattern (SDP) than those other rootstocks. Fruits from trees on ‘G.30’ also had lower firmness and higher stem-end cracking, suggesting that this rootstock advances maturity in ‘Pacific Gala’ apple. Trees with FS irrigation had higher TCA than those with the FD system. Trees with the FD system were more precocious and had higher yield per tree, yield efficiency, and fruit weight than trees with the FS system when they were young. However, these differences were not significant when trees matured. ‘Pacific Gala’ fruit from trees with FS consistently had better color than those with the FD system every year. Fruits from young trees with the FD system often had higher SDP and lower firmness than those from FS irrigation.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Maamoura as affected by some biostimulants

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7379-7399
Author(s):  
Walid F. A. Mosa ◽  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
Krzysztof Górnik ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Control Water

The present study was performed during two successive seasons 2019 and 2020 to investigate the effect of the soil application of fulvic acid (FA), seaweed extract (SE), and their different combinations on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of six-years-old guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. ‘Maamoura’. The trees were planted 4 × 4 m2 apart in clay soil under a flood irrigation system. They were treated three times starting from mid-March with one-month intervals with the following treatments: Control (water only), 3 and 4 g/L FA, 3 and 4 g/L SE, and their different combinations; 3 g/L FA + 3 g/L SE, 3 g/L FA + 4 g/L SE, 4 g/L FA + 3 g/L SE, and 4 g/L FA + 4 g/L SE. The results clearly showed that the application of FA or SE solely or in combinations increased shoot length and diameter, as well as leaf chlorophyll compared with the control. The treatments also increased fruit set percentage, fruit yield, and fruit physical and chemical characteristics such as fruit weight, size, TSS%, total reduced and non-reduced sugars, as well as leaf mineral content, while they decreased the fruit acidity compared with the control in the two seasons.

scholarly journals The influence of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar Cacanska rana

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Mirjana Radovic ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Djordje Boskov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency

The paper examines the influence of three clonal rootstocks ('Pixy', 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A') along with seedlings of Myrobalan (control) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar 'Cacanska Rana'. Research was conducted in the area of the Belgrade Danube basin for the six-year period (2013-2018). In comparison to control, all three clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of vigor expressed as a trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the 'Pixy' rootstock, then on 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Regarding the rootstocks 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A', significantly higher fruit set and yields were achieved in comparison to control. Clonal rootstocks induced an increase in the yield per hectare ranging from 72% to 93% compared to Myrobalan. The highest yield efficiency was found in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock, followed by the yields observed in the trees on the 'Pixy' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock. Rootstocks did not show any significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid contents of the fruit. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all three clonal rootstocks showed better results than Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density. The best results in terms of yield and fruit quality were obtained with the 'Fereley' rootstock.

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