scholarly journals Improving estimates of weight gain and residual feed intake by adjusting for the amount of feed eaten before weighing

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
V. H. Oddy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Quadratic Growth ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Gain Error ◽  
Downward Bias ◽  
Over Time

In Australia, a trait under consideration for genetic selection to improve feed efficiency is residual feed intake (RFI), which is defined as the amount of feed eaten by an animal less what would be expected from the animal’s growth rate and body weight. Accurate estimates of RFI therefore require accurate estimates of weight gain. Results presented here on steers finished in a feedlot to liveweights of 540 or 600 kg show that, when feed intake is being measured, weight gain can be estimated more accurately using the amount of feed eaten in the previous 3–5 days (as an adjustment for gut fill) than if feed eaten in the 80 h before weighing is ignored. This is demonstrated by a much lower residual mean square from modelling the weight of each animal as a quadratic growth curve over time if terms are included for feed eaten on the current and previous 3–5 days. An analysis of measurement errors associated with fitting the equation used to calculate RFI: Feed intake = constant + βw x mean metabolic weight + βg x weight gain + error (i.e. RFI) (1) indicates that the relatively high measurement errors associated with weight gain but comparatively low measurement errors associated with metabolic weight will result in upward biases in the partial regression coefficient βw and downward biases in βg. For example, in a 105-day feed intake test of 44 steers (mean start/end weights 440/600 kg), the estimate of βg was 1.26 based on weight gain estimated by a simple linear regression of each animal’s weight over time (LIN), compared with 2.20 using weight gain estimated from the difference between first and last weight of each animal adjusted for the amount of feed eaten on the current and previous 5 days (DIFFadj). From a shorter test, based on weight gains from day 15 to 50 in the automatic feeder pens, the estimate of βg was 0.40 using LIN and 1.67 using DIFFadj. These results illustrate the potential magnitude of the downward bias in βg if inaccurate estimates of weight gain are used to fit equation 1. The higher estimates for βg obtained using DIFFadj may still have some downward bias but are closer to the theoretical values published by SCA (1990) for the amount of metabolisable energy required for weight gain. Adjusting for the amount of feed eaten before weighing therefore increased the accuracy of estimated weight gain and reduced the biases in βg and βw, so providing better and more stable estimates of residual feed intake.

scholarly journals Relationships between residual feed intake and feedlot performance, profitability, and carcass traits in Brahman cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Favero ◽  
I.Y. Mizubuti ◽  
R.C. Gomes ◽  
E.L.A. Ribeiro ◽  
E.S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Fat Thickness

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the feedlot performance, profitability and carcass traits of Brahman bulls classified according to the residual feed intake (RFI). Twenty-four bulls (19-month old, 370±34kg live weight) were housed in individual pens for 54 days and had the daily feed intake (observed dry matter intake, DMIobs; DMI % live weight, LW) and average daily gain (ADG) measured. Ultrasound carcass evaluations were performed at the initial and final weighings, when measurements were taken of Longissimus dorsi area, ratio, Longissimus and Biceps femoris fat thickness. The animals were ranked and divided into high (>+0.5 standard deviation; SD), medium (between ±0.5 SD from the mean), and low (<-0.5 SD) RFI groups. Low-RFI animals had lower DMIobs (P<0.10) and DMI % LW (P<0.05). No significant differences in initial and final weight or ADG were noticed (P>0.05). Low-RFI animals showed lower weight gain cost and higher daily profit (P<0.05). Carcass traits were similar between groups, regardless of evaluation date (P>0.05). Selection for RFI lead to animals with lower feed intake without affecting weight gain or carcass traits, thereby providing increased profitability for beef cattle farming.

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Cockerels Is Modulated by Genetic Selection for High or Low Residual Feed Intake

1997 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 2371-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gabarrou ◽  
Pierre-André Géraert ◽  
Michel Picard ◽  
André Bordas
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Divergent breeding values for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 5. Cow genotype affects feed efficiency and maternal productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Hebart ◽  
J. M. Accioly ◽  
K. J. Copping ◽  
M. P. B. Deland ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Selection For

Cow bodyweight gain, calf weaning weight, feed intake and maternal productivity of 500 Angus cows, in 64 replicate groups, were measured over three parities at two locations (Struan and Vasse) as part of the Beef CRC Maternal Productivity Project. The cows were sourced as heifers from the top and bottom 10% of BREEDPLAN Rib Fat EBV (High-Fat and Low-Fat), and from High and Low residual feed intake (RFI) selection lines (High-RFI and Low-RFI). Each of the four genotypes were run under High- and Low-Nutrition (measured as feed on offer) at both sites. The High-Fat cows were 7% more efficient at producing weaner calves under Low-Nutrition than were the Low-Fat cows. This was driven primarily by the 4% difference between the lines in weaning rate. When weaning rate differences were accounted for (as covariate), there was no difference between the Fat lines in the efficiency of weaner weight production. When the weight gain of the cow was included as an output in addition to calf weaning weight, there was also no difference between the Fat lines in efficiency. Low-RFI cows were always more efficient at producing weaner calves than were the High-RFI cows. This was primarily driven through a 7% reduction in annual feed intake (across both nutrition treatments). However, the Low-RFI cows were leaner, had 6.3% lower weaning rate and calved on average 5.4 days later than did the High-RFI cows. Furthermore, the largest differences in feed intake were in spring when feed availability is greatest. In the context of the results herein, a balanced breeding program should include selection for improved reproduction and low RFI.

0362 Residual feed intake (RFI) for genetic selection of Simmental and Simbrah cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
N. Manzanares-Miranda ◽  
J. R. Kawas ◽  
H. Villalon-Mendoza ◽  
G. Moreno-Degollado
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Effects of genetic selection for residual feed intake on behavioral reactivity of castrated male pigs to novel stimuli tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Colpoys ◽  
Caitlyn E. Abell ◽  
Jennifer M. Young ◽  
Aileen F. Keating ◽  
Nicholas K. Gabler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Behavioral Reactivity

scholarly journals Exploring Biological Impacts of Prenatal Nutrition and Selection for Residual Feed Intake on Beef Cattle Using Omics Technologies: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidin Foroutan ◽  
David S. Wishart ◽  
Carolyn Fitzsimmons
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Prenatal Nutrition ◽  
Selection For

Approximately 70% of the cost of beef production is impacted by dietary intake. Maximizing production efficiency of beef cattle requires not only genetic selection to maximize feed efficiency (i.e., residual feed intake (RFI)), but also adequate nutrition throughout all stages of growth and development to maximize efficiency of growth and reproductive capacity, even during gestation. RFI as a measure of feed efficiency in cattle has been recently accepted and used in the beef industry, but the effect of selection for RFI upon the dynamics of gestation has not been extensively studied, especially in the context of fluctuating energy supply to the dam and fetus. Nutrient restriction during gestation has been shown to negatively affect postnatal growth and development as well as fertility of beef cattle offspring. This, when combined with the genetic potential for RFI, may significantly affect energy partitioning in the offspring and subsequently important performance traits. In this review, we discuss: 1) the importance of RFI as a measure of feed efficiency and how it can affect other economic traits in beef cattle; 2) the influence of prenatal nutrition on physiological phenotypes in calves; 3) the benefits of investigating the interaction of genetic selection for RFI and prenatal nutrition; 4) how metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics have been employed to investigate the underlying biology associated with prenatal nutrition, RFI, or their interactions in beef cattle; and 5) how the integration of omics information is adding a level of deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits in cattle.

scholarly journals 148 Residual feed intake and body weight gain relate to feeding behavior in Nellore bulls: Implications for performance and maintenance requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Sebastião Valadares Filho ◽  
Pedro Benedetti ◽  
Marcos Pacheco ◽  
Pauliane Pucetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Abstract This study determined feed intake behavior, performance, feed efficiency, and maintenance requirements of bulls with high and low residual feed intake and body weight gain. Data were collected from 42 weaned Nellore bulls (initial BW 260 ± 8.1 kg; age 7 ± 1.0 mo) housed in a feedlot in a group pen that contained electronic feeders. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily and body weight (BW) was measured every 28 d over a 140-day period. Indexes of average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, and residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated. Residual feed intake and gain (RFIG) was calculated according to previously published equations. Frequency of meals, duration per visit, and time spent feeding per day were recorded as feeding behavior measures. Maintenance requirements were calculated according to the BR-CORTE system. High RFIG bulls had lower DMI (P &lt; 0.01), lower final BW (P &lt; 0.01), and were more feed efficient (P &lt; 0.01) than low RFIG bulls, but both groups had similar ADG (P = 0.55). No differences in feeding behavior were observed between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). The net energy requirements for maintenance, metabolizable energy for maintenance, and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization were 76.5, 122.68 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.4%, respectively for high RFIG bulls, and 89.2, 143.76 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 62.0% for low RFIG bulls. This study reveals that low RFIG bulls are less feed efficient and have greater maintenance requirements than high RFIG bulls (0.16 ± 0.006 and 0.18 ± 0.006, respectively). As low RFIG eat more, and in beef cattle, feeding behavior is associated with methane emissions, we suggest further research evaluating this relationship be conducted. In addition, selection for high RFIG cattle would improve feed efficiency, reduce production costs, and could potentially reduce methane emissions.

scholarly journals Animals selected for postweaning weight gain rate have similar maintenance energy requirements regardless of their residual feed intake classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Delveaux Araujo Batalha ◽  
Luís Orlindo Tedeschi ◽  
Fabiana Lana de Araújo ◽  
Renata Helena Branco ◽  
Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy

Abstract Data of comparative slaughter were used to determine Nellore bulls' net energy requirements classified as efficient or inefficient according to residual feed intake (RFI) and selection lines (SL). Sixty-seven Nellore bulls from the selected (SE) and control (CO) lines of the selection program for postweaning weight gain were used. The animals underwent digestibility trials before being submitted to the finishing trial. Sixteen bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the finishing trial, and their body composition were used as the baseline for the remaining animals. For body composition determinations, whole empty body components were weighed, ground, and subsampled for chemical analyses. Initial body composition was determined with equations developed from the baseline group using shrunk body weight, fat, and protein. The low RFI (LRFI) and CO animals had a lower dry matter (DMI) and nutrient intake (P &lt; 0.05) than high RFI (HRFI) and SE animals, without alterations in digestibility coefficients (P &gt; 0.05). During the finishing trial, DMI remained lower for LRFI and CO animals. Growth performance was similar between RFI classes, except for empty body weight gain that tended to be higher for LRFI than HRFI (P = 0.091). The SE animals had less fat content on the empty body (P = 0.005) than CO. Carcasses tended to be leaner for LRFI than HRFI (P = 0.080) and for SE than CO (P = 0.066) animals. LRFI animals retained more energy (P = 0.049) and had lower heat production (HP; P = 0.033) than the HRFI ones. Retained energy was not influenced by SL (P = 0.165), but HP tended to be higher for SE when compared to CO (P = 0.075) animals. Net energy requirement for maintenance (NEm) was lower for LRFI than HRFI (P = 0.009), and higher for SE than CO (P = 0.046) animals. There was an interaction tendency between RFI and SL (P = 0.063), suggesting that NEm was lower for LRFI+CO than HRFI+CO (P = 0.006), with no differences for SE (P = 0.527) animals. The efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance (km) of LRFI and HRFI animals were 62.6 and 58.4%, respectively, and for SE and CO were 59.0 and 62.1%, respectively. The breeding program for postweaning weight has not improved feed efficiency over the years, with RFI classification not being a promising selection tool for SE animals. Classification based on RFI seems to be useful in animals that have not undergone the breeding program, with LRFI animals having lower energy requirements than the HRFI ones.

Divergent genetic selection for residual feed intake impacts mitochondria reactive oxygen species production in pigs1

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2133-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Grubbs ◽  
A. N. Fritchen ◽  
E. Huff-Lonergan ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers ◽  
N. K. Gabler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Species Production
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