Grazing strategies for resilience of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) dominant pastures in hill country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Tozer ◽  
Karin Müller ◽  
Anthony Craven ◽  
Catherine Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazing Strategies

scholarly journals CHEMICAL MANIPULATION OF HILL COUNTRY PASTURES TO PRODUCE LEGUME DOMINANCE

1985 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
B.P. Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Clover Content

Hill country pasture was sprayed with low fates of the herbicides paraquat, sethoxydim or Dowco 453 in late November. Legume content of the pasture 6 weeks after application increased from 29 to 61%, and from 12 to 31% in January 1983 and 1984 respectively. The chemicals reduced dry matter yields by 16 and 45%, 6 weeks after treatment, but yields were not reduced in subsequent harvests. The chemicals reduced dead matter content, strongly suppressed grass seed head production, increased clover seed head density and increased in vitro digestibility. Sethoxydim at high rates 150 g/ha reduced perennial ryegrass (Lo/km perenne) content, but Dowco 453 increased perennial ryegrass and decreased browntop (Agrosfis tenuis) content. The effect of clover content and dead matter on sheep diet selection is shown and the implications of these results for management of hill country pastures in moist si;m.mers are discussed. Keywords: herbicide, paraquat, sethoxydim, Dowco 453, white clover, Trifolium repens, hill country, in vitro digestibility, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne ryegrass, Lolium perenne browntop, Agrostis tenuis.

PASTURE COMPOSITION UNDER MIXED SHEEP AND GOAT GRAZING ON HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
D.A. Clark ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
P.J. Budding
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Hill country pasture was grazed by the following ratios of goats and sheep from 1979-l 983: 100% goats (Goat 100). 66% goats and 34% sheep (Goat 66)) 33% goats and 67% sheep (doat 33), 100% set-stocked sheep (Sheep 100) and 100% mobstocked sheep. Changes in botanical composition, herbage mass and herbage accumulation rate were measured by sample dissection, visual estimation and trimmed exclosure cages respectively on three slope classes (banks, slopes and tracks). Pastures grazed by goats developed Yorkshire fog IHolcus lanatus)- white clover (Trifolium repens L.) associations with strong white clover growth on all slope classes unlike sheep-grazed pastures which contained little white clover and were dominated by perennial' ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). The herbage mass of 3000, 1830, 1410 kg DM/ha on banks, slopes and tracks respectively for Sheep 100 pastures contrasted with that on the Goat 100 pastures of 2030, 3750 and 4300 kg DM/ha. White clover was enhanced on all slope classes in the Goat 100 treatment. Annual herbage accumulation was greater on the Goat 100 than Sheep 100 pastures, 13.9 and 11.2 t DM/ha respectively. There was a close association between increased annual white clover accumulation and tofal herbage accumulation. The complementary nature of sheepandgoatgrazing behavioursuggeststhe possibility of increased meat and fibre production from mixed grazing. The implications of these results for future research are discussed. Keywords: Sheep, goats, herbage mass, herbage accumulation rate, botanical composition, slope classes, white clover (Trifolium repens L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatusl, browntop (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRAZING SYSTEMS ON HILL COUNTRY PASTURE COMPOSITION

1972 ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
J.E. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grazing Systems

The effect of different grazing systems on the botanical composition of North Island hill sheep pastures was examined in three experiments over a period of four to eight years. In two experiments on steep, developed hill country the effects of mob-stocking did not differ markedly from those of set-stocking. In the third experiment, unimproved and improved pastures were maintained at two heights by hard and lax set-stocking. In Improved pastures, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) increased under hard grazing and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) increased under lax grazing. In unimproved pastures weeds increased under hard grazing.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of different spring grazing strategies on lamb finishing in hill country

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
A.J. Wall ◽  
B.R. Tho
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Grazing Strategies ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Stocking Rates

How does the pasture cover at the beginning of lambing and the grazing strategy used in early spring influence the ability of a hill country sheep and beef farm to finish lambs? The results from an intensive pasture-mowing trial investigating three defoliation intensities (Lax, Moderate and Intense) starting from two herbage masses (1200 or 1500 kg DM/ha) during early spring were used to provide data on potential pasture consumption and feed quality from lambing to weaning for a breeding ewe flock. Using simulation modelling, this pasture data was used to estimate the potential lamb and ewe liveweight changes from birth to weaning at each of three different stocking rates (4.5, 8 and 10.5 twin-bearing ewes/ha) that closely represented the three defoliation intensities originally studied in a mowing trial. The impacts of these early-spring herbage masses and grazing intensities/ stocking rates on subsequent feed requirements and potential lamb finishing during the later summer and autumn period in four contrasting geo-climatic regions of New Zealand were then further investigated using simulation modelling. Variations in ewe and lamb weaning weights were evident and reflected the amount of pasture available through the different grazing management approaches. For all four geoclimatic regions studied, the Intense grazing, high stocking rate strategy generally produced the greatest gross revenue per ha from lamb sales out of the three grazing strategies investigated, though not significantly greater than the moderate stocking rate in summer dry environments. However, under Intense grazing, a high pasture cover (1500 kg DM/ha), in comparison to a low pasture cover (1200 kg DM/ha) at the start of ewe lactation further improved the gross revenue received from lamb sales, especially in the Canterbury and Waikato environments but less so in the Hawke's Bay and Southland environments. These variations demonstrate how iterations based on the same starting properties impact on weaning weight of lambs and post-weaning pasture growth and/or feed quality. Keywords: emergence, feed supply, geo-climatic regions, iteration, lactation, lamb weaning weight, pasture quality.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSOWN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS IN NORTH ISLAND HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon ◽  
J.F.L. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Commercial Process ◽  
Viable Seeds

Seed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. 'Grasslands Ruanui') either untreated, treated with the fungicide captan, coated by a commercial process or coated plus captan, was oversown by hand into existing pastures at three separate hill country sites in Manawatu, Southern Hawke's Bay and Northern Wairarapa. The sites experienced dry, moist and wet conditions respectively, during the period after oversowing. Seedling establishment was poor at all sites and was unaffected by different seed treatments. The number of seedlings decreased between 2 and 8 weeks after oversowing at the moist and wet sites, but increased during this time at the dry site. Seedling establishment levels (% of viable seeds sown) at the three sites 8 weeks after oversowing were: dry, 17%; moist, 11%; and wet, 14%. It was only at the dry site that large numbers of viable seeds were recovered four weeks after oversowing. These results typify the poor levels of establishment that are achieved in hill country from oversown grass seed. Keywords: pasture establishment, perennial ryegrass, seed treatment, oversowing, hill country.

Soil seed bank under variegated thistle does not explain thistle dominance

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Katherine N. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Preferred Species

Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) is a large, spiny annual that often forms dense monospecific communities on dry ridges and sunny hillslopes. The owner of a typical Poverty Bay hill-country farm with persistent variegated-thistle infestations reported that winter applications of herbicide were ineffectual in the long term as more variegated thistles simply recolonised the sprayed sites. An absence of preferred species, particularly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and legumes (Lotus and Trifolium spp.), in the soil seed bank under dense thistle populations may explain the persistence of these monospecific populations. To test this hypothesis, soil samples were collected from a dense and sparse variegated-thistle population in each of seven paddocks and incubated in a glasshouse. Emerged seedlings were identified and counted. The incubation was repeated three times. Total soil seed numbers were similar under both the dense and sparse populations with similar numbers of preferred legumes under both. However, there were significantly more perennial ryegrass seeds under the dense variegated-thistle populations compared with the sparse ones. Domination of thistles in densely infested patches was not due to lack of preferred species, or indeed other weed species, in the soil seed bank.

Techniques for preparing the Lolium perenne coleorhiza for scanning electron microscope evaluation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
Susan B.G. Debaene ◽  
John S. Gardner ◽  
Phil S. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The coleorhiza is a nonvascular sheath that encloses the embryonic radicle in Poaceae, and is generally the first tissue to emerge during germination. Delicate hairlike extensions develop from some coleorhiza cells prior to radicle emergence. Similar to root hairs, coleorhiza hairs are extremely sensitive to desiccation and are damaged by exposure to negative water potentials. The coleorhiza of Lolium perenne is somewhat spherical when first visible, after which a knob forms at a right angle to the caryopsis due to inner pressure from the elongating radicle. This knob increases in length until the radicle finally punctures the coleorhiza. Standard fixation procedures cause severe desiccation of coleorhiza cells and hairs, making morphological study of the coleorhiza difficult. This study was conducted to determine a more successful process for coleorhiza preservation.

PAH contamination of the grass Lolium perenne exposed to vehicular traffic

Agronomie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Crépineau-Ducoulombier ◽  
Abdourahamane Tankari Dan-Badjo ◽  
Guido Rychen
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Vehicular Traffic
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