Leaf stage as a defoliation criterion for the production of high-vigour annual ryegrass seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bohn ◽  
Gabriel S. Bortolin ◽  
Ricardo B. Job ◽  
Carlos E. S. Pedroso ◽  
Yutcelia C. Galviz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Stage

The occurrence of herbicide cross-resistance in a population of annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum, resistant to diclofop-methyl

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Heap ◽  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Two Populations

A population of L. rigidum, which is known to have developed resistance to one of the diphenyl-ethertype of herbicides, diclofop-methyl, was tested for cross-resistance to three other herbicides of the same type, namely fluazifop-butyl, oxyfluorfen and the experimental herbicide CGA 82725. The population was also tested for cross-resistance to two sulfonylurea-type herbicides - chlorsulfuron and the experimental herbicide DPX-T6376. A population susceptible to diclofop-methyl was used as the controls in the tests. The two populations were treated with various rates of the herbicides during germination and at the two-leaf stage. The results show that the diclofop-methyl-resistant biotype was cross-resistant to fluazifop-butyl, CGA 82725, chlorsulfuron and DPX-T6376 but not to oxyfluorfen.

scholarly journals Harvest management based on leaf stage of a tetraploid vs. a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Q. Solomon ◽  
B. Macoon ◽  
D. J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Diploid Cultivar

Evaluating the double knockdown technique: sequence, application interval, and annual ryegrass growth stage

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Borger ◽  
Abul Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
The Difference

Applying glyphosate followed by a mixture of paraquat + diquat in the same season for pre-planting weed control may reduce the risk of developing resistance to either herbicide. Glasshouse and field experiments at Merredin and Beverly, Western Australia, were conducted over 2 seasons to determine the best herbicide application sequence, growth stage of annual ryegrass at which to apply the 2 herbicides, and application time and interval to be allowed between applications for optimum control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Annual ryegrass plants were treated at 3 growth stages with either glyphosate 540 g a.i./ha alone, paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha alone, glyphosate followed by paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha, or paraquat + diquat 250 g a.i./ha followed by glyphosate 540 g a.i./ha (the double knockdown treatment). The herbicides were applied at different times of the day, with varied intervals between herbicides when applied in sequence. The glasshouse experiment showed that herbicides in sequence more effectively killed annual ryegrass plants at the 3–6-leaf stage than a single application of either herbicide. Field experiments showed that applying glyphosate followed by paraquat + diquat provided 98–100% control of annual ryegrass plants when applied at the 3- or 6-leaf stage in 2002 and at all 3 growth stages in 2003. Generally, the sequence of paraquat + diquat followed by glyphosate was less effective than the reverse sequence, although the difference was not large. Averaged over 2 seasons, herbicides in sequence were most effective when the first herbicide was applied at the 3- or 6-leaf stage of annual ryegrass. An interval of 2–10 days between applications of herbicides was more effective than 1 day or less. The application time did not significantly affect the efficacy of double knockdown herbicides on annual ryegrass plants under field conditions.

The effect of infestation by Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) on the yield of wheat

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith ◽  
GRT Levick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Analysis Equation

The effect of ryegrass infestation on the grain yield of wheat was examined and related to a yield analysis equation. Up to the two-leaf stage, apparently through competition for nitrogen, the presence of ryegrass at quite a low density (450 plants per m²) reduced the capacity of wheat plants to produce laterals. Neither the later removal of ryegrass nor the addition of nitrogen overcame this setback. In fact, the results suggest that nitrogen addition would result in a further loss in yield, and that this would increase with increasing density of ryegrass. However, the presence of ryegrass up to the two-leaf stage did not affect grain number per head or grain size: such effects were entirely dependent on the presence of ryegrass during the reproductive stage.

Wheat and ryegrass competition for pulses of mineral nitrogen

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Forcella
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Early Phases

The ability of wheat to compete with annual ryegrass for pulses of extra nitrogen was examined by replacement series competition experiments. Nitrogen pulses were added to wheat and ryegrass monocultures and mixtures when wheat was at one of the following growth stages: first true leaf, two leaf, three leaf, four leaf and six leaf. Wheat competed effectively with ryegrass in terms of biomass accumulation if nitrogen was supplied before the three leaf stage. However, at the three to four leaf stage, wheat lost its ability to use mineral nitrogen effectively, while ryegrass maintained this ability at these same times. Thus, if mixtures of wheat and ryegrass are not supplied with adequate nitrogen in early phases of crop growth, ryegrass may predominate.

Forage yield and quality from intercropped barley, annual ryegrass and different annual legumes

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Stout ◽  
B. Brooke ◽  
J. W. Hall ◽  
D. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Yield And Quality

Registration of ‘FL Red’, a Later-Maturing Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Kenworthy ◽  
P. E. Reith ◽  
G. M. Prine ◽  
A. R. Blount ◽  
K. H. Quesenberry
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ryegrass

Fertility of Annual Ryegrass ✕ Tall Fescue Amphiploids and Their Derivatives 1

Crop Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Buckner ◽  
H. D. Hill ◽  
A. W. Hovin ◽  
P. B. Burrus
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Annual Ryegrass
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