A root aphid Aploneura lentisci is affected by Epichloë endophyte strain and impacts perennial ryegrass growth in the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Popay ◽  
David. E. Hume ◽  
Wade J. Mace ◽  
Marty J. Faville ◽  
Sarah C. Finch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ryegrass Growth ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. (Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of elevated concentration of heavy metal (HM) ions: Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+, in soil was studied. Results: The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increased accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation. Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was associated with the origin of Epichloë-ryegrass symbionts.

scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. (Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of elevated concentration of heavy metal (HM) ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) in soil was studied.Results: The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increased accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was associated with the origin of Epichloë-ryegrass symbionts.

Effect of defoliation frequency on an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria. 1. Seasonal production and sward composition

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Lawson ◽  
P. W. G. Sale ◽  
K. B. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

A field experiment was carried out to investigate whether changes in winter and post-winter defoliation frequency would increase the white clover content of an irrigated perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture in northern Victoria. Pastures defoliated every 4 weeks during winter had higher white clover growing point (stolon apices with at least 2 nodes) density at the end of winter than pastures defoliated every 8 weeks or those receiving a single defoliation after 16 weeks, but these differences did not affect the clover content in the spring. Reasons for this are suggested. Pastures defoliated at 8-week intervals in winter were the most productive over winter{early spring. Less frequent defoliation (4 v. 2 weeks) during the post-winter, September–May period reduced white clover growing point and perennial ryegrass tiller densities. However, the white clover growth rate during this period was increased by less frequent defoliation, whereas the ryegrass growth rate was reduced, resulting in an increase of 10% in the white clover content, and a 1·9 t dry matter (DM)/ha increase in total DM produced. This higher clover content and pasture yield during spring–autumn with less frequent defoliation has important implications for the management of irrigated perennial pastures for the dairy industry in northern Victoria.

scholarly journals Can irrigating more frequently mitigate detrimental heat wave effects on perennial ryegrass growth and persistence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 108074
Author(s):  
Adam D. Langworthy ◽  
Richard P. Rawnsley ◽  
Mark J. Freeman ◽  
Paul A. Waller ◽  
Ross Corkrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Perennial Ryegrass Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Infection and Humic Acid Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nikbakht ◽  
Mohammad Pessarakli ◽  
Naghmeh Daneshvar-Hakimi-Maibodi ◽  
Mohsen Kafi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Ryegrass Growth ◽  
Acid Treatments

scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cu Ions ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have apositive effect on improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. ( Clavicipitaceae ) on perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of heavy metal (HM) ions, Cd, Pb and Cu, in soil was studied. Results : The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increase of the chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II and accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In both, E+ and E- plants the hormesis effect was induced by elevated concentration of Cu ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. In case of an application of Epichloë -colonized grasses for HM phytoremediation, the choice of most effective host-endophyte interactions should be based on laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis. Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was related to origin of Epichloë -ryegrass symbionts.

scholarly journals Different Response of Perennial Ryegrass – Epichloë Endophyte Symbiota to the Elevated Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses as well as on the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metal (HM) ions from soil. The influence of Epichloë fungal endophyte (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in the presence of elevated concentrations of HM ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) in soil was studied. The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in different accumulation of HM ions in the aboveground parts of the plants. In some cases endophyte infection positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions from soil. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of HM accumulation, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Effects of mycorrhizae and water conditions on perennial ryegrass growth in rare earth tailings

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 10881-10888
Author(s):  
Qiao Yang ◽  
Zhongqiu Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Bai ◽  
Hong Hou ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Rare Earth Tailings ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Mycorrhizal symbioses, which include plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can significantly enhance plant resistance and promote the absorption of soil nutrients by plants.

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