Variability among Festuca arundinacea cultivars for tolerance to and recovery from waterlogging, salinity and their combination

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
F. E. Menon-Martínez ◽  
A. A. Grimoldi ◽  
G. G. Striker ◽  
C. E. Di Bella
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Relative Growth

Frequency and intensity of floods and the extent of salt-affected lands are expected to increase in pastures and grassland ecosystems as a result of global climate change. This study evaluated the effects of waterlogging, salinity (150 mm NaCl, ~15 dS m–1) and their combination over 14 days of treatment on morphological and growth traits of seven cultivars of Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue). Recovery was also assessed after a 14-day growth period under aerated, non-saline conditions (recovery phase). All cultivars survived the imposed stresses, showing greater tolerance to waterlogging than to salinity or the combined stress, evaluated as a response ratio of total dry mass relative to the control. The combined stress provoked growth lower than predicted by a multiplicative model in one cultivar, growth equal to the model in three cultivars and growth higher than the model in three cultivars. High variability among cultivars in response to each stress and phase was observed; this was more evident for relative growth rate of roots than of shoots. Plant morphological traits were affected by treatments in different ways; mature tiller weight was maintained, and tiller number decreased by 79–71% under waterlogging and combined stresses, whereas the opposite responses occurred under salinity. During the recovery phase, plants in all stress treatments had lower tiller numbers than controls and prioritised the growth of pre-existing tillers, which were heavier. Number of dead leaves per plant increased in saline and combined treatments. In general, F. arundinacea proved more tolerant to waterlogging than to salinity or combined treatments, and showed promising variability among cultivars with respect to root relative growth rate under the evaluated stresses, which can be used in future breeding programs. The findings also provide a basis for further research into the tolerance mechanisms involved.

The physiology of growth in Subterranean clover. I. Seedling growth and the pattern of growth at the shoot apex

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Relative Growth

The shoot apex of Trifolium subterraneum L. is spirodistichous, with a divergence angle of 160° and a phyllotaxis index of 2. The vegetative plant is defined quantitatively in terms of lengths of successive leaves, leaf areas, and dry weights of the leaves and all major plant parts for a 29-day growth period. The selected environment gave very high values of net assimilation rate (3 .0 mg cm-2 day-1for early growth). The properties of the shoot apical system are further defined in terms of volumes of meristematic and very young parts. The picture is extended by linking it with fresh weight data for the leaves. To a remarkable extent the data, transformed to logarithms, can be accounted for by arrays of linear regressions on time, the members of which show decreasing slopes with increasing leaf number. However, the most instructive description is obtained from an array of relative growth rate curves for successive leaves. While the existence of one general pattern of leaf growth seems unlikely, there is evidence for a marked increase in relative growth rate during leaf initiation. Exponential growth in length seems to be fairly common in young leaf primordia, but exponential growth in volume occurs in a variety of patterns in different plants. Attempts to link these occurrences with events in vascular differentiation and thus with the supply of substrate for growth have not been successful. It is suggested that properties of the system as a whole may be relevant.

THE RATE OF DRY WEIGHT ACCUMULATION IN MARQUIS WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend ◽  
V. A. Helson ◽  
J. E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Plants were grown to the stage of anthesis at constant temperatures from 10 to 30 °C and under continuous illumination at intensities ranging from 200 to 2500 ft-c. The absolute growth rate was maximal at the time of ear emergence. The relative growth rate declined continuously with time; the rate of decline was greatest at the higher temperatures and light intensities. The optimal temperature for the mean absolute growth rate over the whole growth period was 20–25 °C. The optimum for the mean relative growth rate was 15–20 °C. This difference is attributed to the faster rate of floral development at high temperatures. Both absolute and relative growth rates increased with increasing light intensity up to 2500 ft-c.

Agronomic potential of native grass species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I. Growth and herbage production

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Robinson ◽  
KA Archer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Relative Growth

The herbage mass and relative growth rate of six perennial native grasses were compared with two introduced temperate perennial grasses (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Demeter and the temperate legume, white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). Of the native grasses three were year-long green species (Danthonia linkii Kunth, Microlaena stipoides (Labill) R.Br., Poa seiberana Spreng), and three were summer-growing frost susceptible species (Themeda australia (R.Br.) Stapf, Sporobolus elongatus R. Br., Bothriochloa macra (Steud) S.T. Blake). The summer perennial species, in particular Bothriochloa, were highly productive. However, in addition to inability to produce or retain green herbage during the winter, the summer-growing perennials produced a lower proportion of leaf material, a feature likely to render them less acceptable for grazing. Themeda was an exception, and produced a high proportion of leaf throughout the growing season and retained green material longer into the winter. Among the yearlong green species, both native and introduced, Poa proved a most productive species with significantly higher green leaf production than any other species, both in terms of herbage mass and relative growth rate. Although Danthonia produced as much herbage as phalaris on an annual basis, it has a higher stem component overall, and its relative growth rate was higher in the warmer months and lower during the winter months. Only Poa, white clover and phalaris produced signficant amounts of herbage during the winter months. These data suggest that native species have valuable agronomic features which could be exploited by selection and plant breeding programmes to advantage by the grazing industry.

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