Nitrogen supply in combination of nitrate and ammonium enhances harnessing of elevated atmospheric CO2 through improved nitrogen and carbon metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Seray Zora ◽  
Yasemin Ceylan ◽  
Raheela Rehman ◽  
Levent Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Photoassimilate Translocation ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
N Metabolism

Elevated carbon dioxide (e-CO2) levels from ambient (a-CO2) enhance plant biomass production and yield. However, this response is highly dependent on the availability and possibly the form of nitrogen (N) supply to plants. This study aimed to investigate changes in C and N metabolism of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to e-CO2 and N source. e-CO2 enhanced net CO2 assimilation but at highly variable rates depending on the form of N supply. Under e-CO2, net CO2 assimilation rate was in the order NO3– > NH4NO3 > NH4+ > urea. Plants supplied with ammonium and nitrate (i.e. NH4NO3) performed better in terms of biomass production and expressed a higher biomass enhancement ratio by e-CO2 than plants receiving sole applications of NO3–, NH4+ or urea. Supply of NH4NO3 also resulted in lower intercellular CO2, higher photoassimilate translocation to roots and lower accumulation of free amino acids than other N forms, indicating a better exploitation of the e-CO2 environment. Our results conclude that major physiological pathways of photosynthesis and protein and carbohydrate metabolism are differentially influenced by e-CO2 depending on the source of N supply. A balanced supply of NO3– and NH4+ to plant roots is the key to harnessing e-CO2 while minimising its adverse effects on quality of the produce.

Competitiveness of Canada prairie spring wheats with wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kirkland ◽  
J. H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Actual Yield

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, a hard red spring, and HY320 and HY355 both Canada Prairie Spring wheats) were subjected to four levels of wild oat density at two locations over 4 yr to assess the effects of wild oat competition on biomass production, culm formation and yield. Wheat biomass and culm production were reduced at all wild oat density levels in each of the three cultivars. There were no significant differences among cultivars. In general, yields of all cultivars were reduced as wild oat density levels increased. Actual yield reductions at comparable wild oat densities tended to be greater at Regina than at Scott. There was a significant cultivar-by-density interaction for yield with yield reductions in HY320 > HY355 > Neepawa. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), wild oat density, competition, plant biomass, culms

Physiological and morphological responses to water stress in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum genotypes with differing tolerance to drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Molnár ◽  
László Gáspár ◽  
Éva Sárvári ◽  
Sándor Dulai ◽  
Borbála Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The physiological and morphological responses to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or by withholding water were investigated in Aegilops biuncialis Vis. genotypes differing in the annual rainfall of their habitat (1050, 550 and 225 mm year–1) and in Triticum aestivum L. wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance. A decrease in the osmotic pressure of the nutrient solution from –0.027 to –1.8 MPa resulted in significant water loss, a low degree of stomatal closure and a decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in Aegilops genotypes originating from dry habitats, while in wheat genotypes high osmotic stress increased stomatal closure, resulting in a low level of water loss and high Ci. Nevertheless, under saturating light at normal atmospheric CO2 levels, the rate of CO2 assimilation was higher for the Aegilops accessions, under high osmotic stress, than for the wheat genotypes. Moreover, in the wheat genotypes CO2 assimilation exhibited less or no O2 sensitivity. These physiological responses were manifested in changes in the growth rate and biomass production, since Aegilops (Ae550, Ae225) genotypes retained a higher growth rate (especially in the roots), biomass production and yield formation after drought stress than wheat. These results indicate that Aegilops genotypes, originating from a dry habitat have better drought tolerance than wheat, making them good candidates for improving the drought tolerance of wheat through intergeneric crossing.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobita ◽  
Komatsu ◽  
Harayama ◽  
Yazaki ◽  
Kitaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Elevated Co2 And O3

We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and elevated O3 concentrations on net CO2 assimilation and growth of Fagus crenata in a screen-aided free-air concentration-enrichment (FACE) system. Seedlings were exposed to ambient air (control), elevated CO2 (550 µmol mol−1 CO2, +CO2), elevated O3 (double the control, +O3), and the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 (+CO2+O3) for two growing seasons. The responses in light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rates per leaf area (Agrowth-CO2) at each ambient CO2 concentration to the elevated CO2 and/or O3 treatments varied widely with leaf age. In older leaves, Agrowth-CO2 was lower in the presence of +O3 than in untreated controls, but +CO2+O3 treatment had no effect on Agrowth-CO2 compared with the +CO2 treatment. Total plant biomass increased under conditions of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Biomass allocation to roots decreased with elevated CO2 and with elevated O3. Elongation of second-flush shoots also increased in the presence of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that conditions of elevated CO2 and O3 contribute to enhanced plant growth; reflecting changes in biomass allocation and mitigation of the negative impacts of O3 on net CO2 assimilation.

Photoprotective carotenoids and antioxidants are more affected by canopy position than by nitrogen supply in 21-year-old Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Posch ◽  
Charles R. Warren ◽  
Mark A. Adams ◽  
Helmut Guttenberger
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii ◽  
Β Carotene

Photoprotection, light harvesting and light utilisation were investigated as a function of variation in N supply and canopy position in 21-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don. Chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and photoprotective compounds were measured on lower, middle and upper canopy needles in trees receiving N fertiliser and in control trees not receiving N fertiliser. Irrespective of canopy height, additional N increased the light-harvesting capacity through greater contents of chlorophyll, neoxanthin and lutein, but did not affect light-utilisation processes, such as effective quantum yield of PSII or rates of net CO2 assimilation. Additional N fertiliser did not affect the concentrations of the measured photoprotective carotenoids (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene) or antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione and α-tocopherol); however, carotenoids and antioxidants were strongly affected by canopy height and increased in concentration with increasing canopy height. The present study found that pools of photoprotective carotenoids and antioxidants were not driven by imbalances in light-harvesting and light-utilisation processes, but rather by gradients in light.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of açaí seedlings subjected to different watering regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter V. D. Silvestre ◽  
Hugo A. Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo O. R. de M. Souza ◽  
Lenilson F. Palheta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant

ABSTRACT Seedlings of açaí obtained from plant material native to floodplains (from Laranjeira and Muaná) and adapted to upland areas (cv. BRS-Pará and ecotype Hideo) were cultivated between March and October 2013 in a greenhouse, to test the hypothesis that water requirement for seedling production varies according to the origin of plant material. The seedlings were subjected to watering regimes corresponding to 40, 70, 100 and 130% of field capacity. Regardless of plant material, the production of vigorous seedlings was feasible only under irrigation of 100 and 130% of field capacity. The seedlings produced under 130% of field capacity showed higher plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf and root biomass, total plant biomass and root/shoot ratio than those produced under 100% of field capacity. The former also showed higher net CO2 assimilation rate, lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher instantaneous water use efficiency. In conclusion, the water requirement to produce vigorous seedlings of açaí does not vary within plant material and more vigorous seedlings are produced under irrigation of 130% of field capacity.

The effect of selenium and UV radiation on leaf traits and biomass production in Triticum aestivum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Golob ◽  
Jan Kavčič ◽  
Vekoslava Stibilj ◽  
Alenka Gaberščik ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L
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