Developmental responses of chia (Salvia hispanica) to variations in thermo-photoperiod: impact on subcomponents of grain yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Jimena Pérez Brandán ◽  
Ramiro N. Curti ◽  
Martin M. Acreche
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Developmental Responses ◽  
Orphan Crop

Effect of thermo-photoperiod conditions on pre-flowering phasic development, number of unfolded leaves, verticillaster dry weight at flowering (VDWFL) and grain yield were evaluated for chia (Salvia hispanica L.). The objectives of this study were to: (i) characterise the pre-flowering response of chia to thermo-photoperiod conditions during and pre- and post-inductive subphases; and (ii) determine the relationships between the duration of pre-flowering subphases, the VDWFL and grain yield. Sowing-date experiments were conducted during three consecutive growing seasons with two chia genotypes under non-stressed conditions. Responses to thermo-photoperiod conditions were characterised by fitting a bi-linear model. All pre-flowering subphases showed a quantitative short-day response with a decrease in sensitivity to photoperiod in the later post-inductive subphase. The duration of the pre-inductive subphase was associated with the number of accumulated unfolded leaves, whereas the durations of the post-inductive subphases were not determined by the number of accumulated unfolded leaves. Higher VDWFL was achieved when durations of the pre-flowering subphases increased. In addition, increases in the VDWFL explained most of the variation in grain yield along the thermo-photoperiod conditions. Accordingly, this study suggests that developmental responses of chia and their relationships with VDWFL and grain yield should be taken into account for grain-yield improvement of this orphan crop.

The critical period for grain yield in chia (Salvia hispanica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Josefina Diez ◽  
Juan Anuch Tiranti ◽  
Víctor O. Sadras ◽  
Martin M. Acreche
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) grain is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are important for human nutrition and prevention of cardiovascular disease, as well as dietary fibre and quality protein. Demand for chia grain is increasing worldwide driven by the interest in functional food; however, large gaps exist in our understanding of chia physiology. The objective of this study was to determine the critical period for grain yield in chia. A field experiment was conducted under well-watered conditions during four growing seasons, using sequential shading periods of 7–10 days during the season. Yield of unshaded controls varied from 1418 to 2148 kg ha–1 among seasons. Chia’s critical period for grain yield spanned from 550 degree-days before flowering to 250 degree-days after flowering. Seed number fully accounted for reductions in grain yield, with no responses in grain weight to shading. Shading from 550 to 250 degree-days before flowering reduced yield by as much as 40% and this reduction was associated with reductions in the number of verticillasters on second and third order branches. Shading from 50 degree-days before flowering to 250 degree-days after flowering reduced yield by at least 20% and this reduction was associated with reductions in both the number of verticillasters on second and third order branches and the number of grains per verticillaster on branches of all orders. The findings from this study will aid development of management practices to avoid stresses during periods when grain yield would be penalised, and will contribute to breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation by targeting the critical physiological stages.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Doses and Sowing Times Over Agronomic Aspects of Chia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Débora Fernanda Del Moura Soares ◽  
Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva ◽  
Rhaízza Lana Pereira Dusheski ◽  
Géssica Daiane da Silva ◽  
Poliana Tomé Gouveia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Sowing Season

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous annual plant considered a natural source of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, fiber, protein and antioxidants. However, the cultivation in Brazil is still recent and existing technical information and recommendations are limited, especially regarding to fertilization and sowing season. The present work had as objective to evaluate the effect doses application of phosphorus and sowing times over productive and reproductive parameters. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions at Fazenda da Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Campus Umuarama. The soil used for the experiment is a typical Distrofic Red Latosoil, with sandy texture. The experimental design was entirely in factorial scheme 4 × 4 with three replications. Treatments were composed of four seeding seasons, at intervals of 15 days between one and another with four doses of P2O5 applied at seeding (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1, totalizing 48 plots units. It was evaluated the following parameters dry mass of root and shoot, grain yield, mass of 1,000 grains and oil content. There were no significant results both for phosphorus doses as for interaction in any of the variables evaluated. The treatment seeding times (E) differed statistically only for grain yield.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

The growth and activity of winter wheat roots in the field: the effect of sowing date and soil type on root growth of high-yielding crops

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Barraclough ◽  
R. A. Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Roots

SummaryThe effect of sowing date on root growth of high-yielding crops (8–1 It grain/ha, 85% D.M.) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hustler) was measured at Rothamsted and Woburn in 1980 and 1981. Roots were sampled by coring on five occasions and changes in root dry weight and length were determined. The average growth rate between March and June was about 1 g/m2/day (200 m/m2/day), over 5 times that measured between December and March. Increases in root weight or length with time were generally exponential to anthesis when the crops had 101–172 g root/m2 (20–32 km/m2). September-sown wheat had more root than October-sown wheat at all times, but whereas early differences in length were maintained throughout the season, root weights converged between March and June. Overall, there was no significant difference in root dry-matter production between sites at anthesis, but there was a substantial difference between years. Differences in root growth between crops were reduced by plotting the amount of root against either the number of days from sowing or accumulated thermal time. Using che latter, root growth between December and June was reasonably linear although there was some indication of a lag below 500 °C days. Regression equations obtained for the relationships between root growth and accumulated thermal time also fitted previously published data and may provide general descriptions of root growth with time.Roots of September-sown crops reached 1 m depth by December but those of October-sown crops were not detectable at this depth until April. For most crops the distribution of roots with depth was reasonably described by an exponential decay function, with over 50% of the roots in the top 20 cm of soil at all times. At Woburn in 1981, a plough-pan restricted roots to the upper soil horizons for most of the season but apparently had little effect on the total amount of root produced. For one of the experimental crops an empirical mathematical function describing the distribution of roots with depth and time is presented.Using the data from this and previously published studies, the relationship between grain yield and the amount of root at anthesis was investigated. Total root length was positively correlated with grain yield but nonetheless similarly yielding crops could have different-sized root systems. Total root dry weight was poorly correlated with grain yield.

Production and survival of tillers of wheat and their contribution to yield

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ishag ◽  
M. B. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
True Leaf

SUMMARYThe effect of sowing date and nitrogen on tillering patterns, survival and contribution of reproductive tillers to grain yield of standard and Mexican wheat cultivars were studied for two seasons.Maximum number of tillers/plant, 3·2–4·5, was observed after 40 and 27 days from sowing for 1970–1 and 1971–2 respectively. The number of ears/plant was 1·4 at the end of the growing season. Varieties differed in tillering, and LRN10 and Giza 155 produced more reproductive tillers than Falchetto and Mexipak. Nitrogen application increased tillering efficiency, i.e. ratio of fertile to total tillers produced. Only 26% of tillers appearing in the axil of the first true leaf (T1) and 10% of tillers in the axil of the second true leaf (T2) survived to produce ears. The high mortality of tillers was attributed to high air temperature prevailing during the growth period (33 °C by day; 18 °C by night). Eared tillers did not die and were self supporting because of the photosynthesis by the ear.Grain weight/tiller was positively correlated with tiller dry weight at heading, r= 0·76–0·96. Main shoots contributed about 81% of the total grain yield and 19% came from T1 and T2 tillers.

Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South West ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia’s high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia’s HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia’s HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6 t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10 t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7 t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45 t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (<30% of years) is likely to limit the potential to use winter cultivars. Prospects to graze shorter season spring cultivars that fit later sowing windows require further examination in south-west WA, the slopes of NSW and southern Queensland.

Time of Sowing and the Yield of Winter Barley

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Green ◽  
D. T. Furmston ◽  
J. D. Ivins
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Linear Decrease

SummaryDuring three growing seasons (1980–3) the influence of sowing date (early September to mid-November) on the yield of winter barley (cv. Igri) was assessed. Delaying sowing resulted in a linear decrease in maximum grain yield at a rate of 0·43 % for every day sowing was delayed. Advancing the date of sowing increased the duration of preanthesis development, increased the level of tillering and hence ear density at harvest. Yield was linearly related to the resultant higher number of grains.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing date and water availability on growth of plants of chia (Salvia hispanica L) established in Chile

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Silva ◽  
Camila Arriagada ◽  
Samuel Campos-Saez ◽  
Cecilia Baginsky ◽  
Giorgio Castellaro-Galdames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Corrigendum to: Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia's high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia's HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia's HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Date on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Yield Components for Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Amir Taher RAH KHOSRAVANI ◽  
Cyrus MANSOURIFAR ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY ◽  
Kamal Sadat ASILAN ◽  
Hamed KESHAVARZ
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

In order to determine the effects of sowing date on physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of six sweet maize hybrids, an experiment was arranged in split plot based complete randomized block design with three replications. Sowing date in two levels (15 June and 1 July) and sweet maize hybrids in six variants (‘Chase’, ‘Temptation’, ‘Challenger’, ‘Basin’, ‘Obsession’ and ‘Ksc403su’) were the treatments. Results of ANOVA revealed significant difference of sowing date and sweet maize hybrids on the number of days for tassel emergence, number of days to anthesis, plant height, cob height, stem diameter, plant dry weight, cob dry weight, number of grain rows, length flowers, number of leaf above the cob, raffinose content of grain and grain yield. Mean comparisons showed that the highest grain yield was obtained for ‘Basin’ variety and it was obtained from the crop established on the 15th of June as planting date. In temperate regions, maize potential productivity seems to be more limited by the amount of solar radiation available around silking (determinant of grain set) than during grain filling (determinant of grain weight).

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