Seasonal alteration in sward height of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) pastures managed by continuous grazing interferes with forage production

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleize Terra ◽  
Flávia Maria de Andrade Gimenes ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽  
Luciana Gerdes ◽  
Marisa Xavier Manço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Stability

Changes in sward height of pastures managed by continuous grazing according to climatic seasonality may alter tillering and forage production. In order to evaluate the feasibility of seasonal alteration in sward height of Marandu palisade grass pastures (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D. Webster; syn. Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf) under continuous grazing management, we studied two constant sward heights (15 cm and 30 cm), and one height that was initiated at 30 cm, reduced to 15 cm in June (dry and cold season) and returned to 30 cm in December (wet and hot season) (30–15–30 cm). Pastures managed at 30–15–30 cm had a greater tiller appearance rate (22 tillers/100 tillers.30 days) than those maintained at 15 cm and 30 cm (16 and 17 tillers/100 tillers.30 days, respectively). In the 30–15–30 cm pastures, a lower accumulation rate of dead material was observed during the dry and cold season (June–August), which resulted in a higher leaf and lower dead material accumulation rate during the second growth season (wet and hot season, December–January). Planned reduction in sward height during the cold season can be used safely because it permits better seasonal distribution and utilisation of forage production without compromising the stability of Marandu palisade grass pastures.

scholarly journals Sward structure and herbage yield of rotationally stocked pastures of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] as affected by herbage allowance

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo José Braga ◽  
Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira ◽  
Valdo Rodrigues Herling ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz ◽  
César Gonçalves de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Sward Structure

In ruminant-forage systems herbage allowance (HAL) has a major impact on grazing intensity and sward structure, affecting animals, plants, and ultimately, pasture yield. Data on HAL responses of tropical cultivated pastures are scarce and this information may be useful in optimizing pasture utilization. The objective of this study was to describe and contrast sward structure and herbage accumulation responses of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] pastures to HAL during two grazing seasons (warm-rainy season of 2003 and 2004). Treatments were four daily HAL levels, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg herbage mass per 100 kg live weight (%) in a rotational stocking system with 35 days of grazing cycle (28-day rest; 7-d grazing). Post-graze swards were shorter (~17 cm) under 5% HAL. For the other HAL levels, postgraze sward height increased throughout the experiment (21 to 50 cm). Changes in sward light interception (LI) were highly associated with height, but differed across HALs in 2004. Early in the 2003 season, HAL increases resulted in linear increase of the daily herbage accumulation rate (HAR; 47, 66, 78, and 98 kg DM ha-1 d-1 for 5, 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, respectively). For the subsequent grazing cycles of 2003 and all through 2004, HAR decreased with increasing HAL. This was associated with the excessive increase in sward height and mean forage mass, caused by lower grazing intensity. The use of lax (high) HAL to maximize animal performance, especially 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, resulted in decreased pasture performance (lower herbage accumulation, HAC) in palisadegrass pastures.

scholarly journals Intensive Production and Management of Marandu Palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’) Accelerates Leaf Turnover but Does Not Change Herbage Mass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Fernando Ongaratto ◽  
Marcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes ◽  
Erick Escobar Dallantonia ◽  
Lais de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Guilherme Alves do Val ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Leaf Lifespan ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Turnover ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Stocking Rates

Pasture intensification through higher stocking rates, nitrogen fertilization and intensified grazing management in beef cattle production optimizes pasture use by increasing the forage harvested. We aimed to assess its effects on the morphogenesis and canopy structure of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ (marandu palisadegrass) pastures. The treatments consisted of marandu palisadegrass pastures managed under continuous stocking and a canopy height of 25 cm, with different levels of intensification: extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive systems N-fertilized with 0 kg, 75 kg, and 150 kg N ha−1 year−1, respectively, as ammonium nitrate (32% of N), with four replicates (paddocks) in a completely randomized design. Phyllochron (9.8 days) and leaf lifespan (34.7 days) were shorter in intensified pastures, whereas herbage mass was similar among treatments. Extensive pastures had a higher proportion of senescent material; thus, more intensive systems showed higher proportions of leaves and stems, although the leaves-to-stem ratio remained similar across production systems. The defoliation interval was lower in intensive (14.4 days) and higher in extensive (18.7 days) treatments. Thus, pasture intensification accelerates leaf appearance, decreases leaf lifespan, shortens the tiller defoliation interval and increased herbage accumulation rate but does not change herbage mass. The extensive system produces excessive forage losses due to dead material.

scholarly journals Mowing and lowering the marandu palisadegrass sward height at late winter improve the sward structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flávia de Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The structure of the sward is important because it influences the responses of plants and animals in grazing conditions. The objective with this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the Marandu palisade grass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha) during spring and summer, depending on the condition of the sward at the end of winter. Four grazing conditions at the end of winter were evaluated: short (24.1 cm), short (25.2 cm)/mown (8 cm), tall (49.0 cm) and tall (50.0 cm)/mown (8 cm). The foliar area index was lower in the tall pasture than in the tall/mown pasture. The mass and the volumetric density of dead stem were higher in the tall pasture, intermediate in the short pasture, and lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the grazing period, the live stem mass was higher in the tall pasture. At the beginning and middle of the grazing period, the volumetric density of dead leaf lamina was lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the pasture period, the short pasture had a higher tiller number (TN). In the middle of the grazing period, the short and short/mown pastures had higher TN. At the end of the pasture period, the lowest TN value occurred in the tall pasture. The tall pasture at the end of winter presents an unfavorable structure to the animal in grazing, while the mowing and reduction in the height of the marandu palisade grass improves the structure of the sward in spring and summer.

scholarly journals Sward Structure and Herbage Accumulation of Massai Guineagrass Pastures Managed According to Pre-Grazing Heights, in the Northeast of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Angela Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Nathália Rafaela Fidelis Campos ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Potential Tool

The forage sward height measurement is a practical and potential tool for grazing management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of pasture and forage accumulation related to sward pre-grazing height of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, before being grazed by sheep. The study was conducted in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Brazil. The treatments were the pre-grazing sward heights at: 35, 40, 45 and 50 cm. The post-grazing height was 15 cm for all treatments. The interaction between the pre-grazing sward heights and grazing cycles was only statistically significant for light interception (LI) and leaf area index (LAI). The LI had linear and positive effect to the pre-grazing heights in only one of three grazing cycles, with approximately 1% increase in LI for each centimeter grown in the sward. The total forage mass had linear regression, every centimeter increased in height, there was a correspondent dry matter (DM) increase of 187 kg ha-1 in forage mass. There was a linear response between leaf blade mass and dead material with sward height. The post-grazing lowest LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The lowest amount of LI was 29.42% at 42.05 cm high. The minimum LAI was 0.69. The top DM and mineral matter (MM) accumulation rate were linear and had 58.32 and 20.46 kg ha-1 day-1 MS, respectively. Massai guineagrass grazed by sheep must be handled between 35 and 40 cm high at pre-grazing when associated with post-grazing height of 15 cm.

scholarly journals Productivity and morphological composition of Xaraés palisade grass under three light intensities

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2749
Author(s):  
Vinicius Carreteiro Gomes ◽  
Juliana da Silva Barros ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Erikelly Aline Ribeiro de Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Artificial Shading

The adaptation of Urochloa brizantha to Brazilian ecosystems and the use of artificial shading in low light production studies are important tools to obtain productive responses and to know the behavior of plants when used in integration with arboreal components. The experiment was conducted at the FMVZ - UNESP in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil. The study aimed to evaluate the yield of U. brizantha (syn Brachiaria brizantha) cv. Xaraés (Xaraés palisade grass) under three light intensities and four cuts. The experimental design was a randomized block with three treatments (natural luminosity, 30% light reduction, and 60% light reduction), three replicates and four cuts. The following morphological components were determined: leaf area index (LAI), forage accumulation rate (FAR), total forage mass (TFM), stem yield (SY), leaf yield (LY), and dead material yield (DMY). Light intensity influenced grass productivity, and the best performance was reached under 60% shading, which had higher values of TFM, LY, SY, LAI, and FAR if compared to natural luminosity. Thus, a reduction of 60% in light intensity showed to be the most productive and the best alternative under those conditions.

scholarly journals Reduction of sward height in the fall and winter as a strategy to improve the structure of marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Manoel E.R. Santos ◽  
Miriã G. Simplício ◽  
Guilherme P. Silva ◽  
Heron A. Oliveira ◽  
Ludiêmilem K.P. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Puccinia levis var. brachiariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia levis var. brachiariae comb. nov., which causes small lesions on young stems and leaf lamina of the host plant and, where present in quantity, could significantly reduce vigour. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and Brazil) and hosts (Brachiaria brizantha [Urochloa brizantha], B. decumbens [Urochloa decumbens], B. humidicola [Urochloa humidicola] and an unnamed Brachiaria sp.).

scholarly journals Forage yield in pastures with bermuda grass mixed with different legumes

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Nunes Assis dos Anjos ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Caroline Paim Sauter ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiene Tomazetti dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Grazing Systems

Three grazing systems with Coastcross-1 bermuda grass (CC) + 100 kg N ha-1 year-1 + common vetch; CC + 100 kg N ha-1 year-1 + arrowleaf clover; and CC + 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 were evaluated. Thirteen grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period (313 days), with two, five, four and two cycles respectively in winter, spring, summer and fall. Lactating Holstein cows were used in the evaluation. Daily accumulation rate, forage production, rate of forage disappearance, agronomic intake, grazing efficiency, herbage allowance and stocking rate were evaluated. Mean rates of forage yield and stocking rate were 20.8; 17.6 and 19.7 t DM ha-1 and 7.0; 6.8 to 6.8 animal units ha-1 day-1 for the respective forage systems. The mixture Coastcross-1 plus common vetch, fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 year-1 and Coastcross-1 fertilized with 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 provided greater productivity and better distribution of forage throughout the seasons. 

scholarly journals Production and quality of Tifton 85 pastures overseeded with black oat: effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
João De Assis Farias Filho ◽  
Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽  
Adalberto Luiz de Paula ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Fabrício Ghinzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dead Material

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the bromatological quality, forage production, and botanical and structural composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) pastures overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa). Four treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (irrigated and non-irrigated × fertilized and non-fertilized), with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. In irrigated paddocks, the irrigation system was activated when the soil matric potential reached a value equal to, or higher than, 10 kPa and 135 kg N ha-1 was applied to fertilized paddocks, divided into four applications. The forage mass pre- and post-grazing, total forage production, and the botanical, structural, and bromatological composition of the pastures were evaluated. No interaction was observed between the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization factors for any of the variables and no significant differences were observed in forage mass between pre- and post-grazing or in Tifton leaf and stem percentages. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on forage production, which was 2626.41 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 higher in fertilized pastures than in unfertilized pastures. In addition, fertilization resulted in a lower percentage of dead material (6.66%), higher percentage of oat leaves (30.84%), higher leaf:stem ratio (1:45), higher crude protein content (24.13%), lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (64.57%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (32.86%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.01%) than in unfertilized pastures. The use of irrigation did not influence total forage production, however, it resulted in pastures with lower NDF (65.97%) and ADF (33.54%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.48%) than unirrigated pastures. Nitrogen fertilization produced improvements in pasture structure, associated with higher dry matter yield and bromatological quality, while irrigation only produced pastures with lower fiber content and greater digestibility.

scholarly journals Yield Component Responses of the Brachiaria brizantha Forage Grass to Soil Water Availability in the Brazilian Cerrado

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Camila Thaiana Rueda da Silva ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Tonny José de Araújo da Silva ◽  
Everton Alves Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha

Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of beef cattle and dairy products, which requires high forage yield to attend grass-fed animals’ demand. Among the grass species adopted in the forage production system in Brazil, the Brachiaria genus stands out. This genus comprises nearly 85% of all planted forage area. In general, forage production systems in Brazil are essentially rainfed, and thus susceptible to seasonal soil water stresses. Selecting the suitable Brachiaria cultivar for lands susceptible to periodic waterlogging and dry spells is crucial to enhance forage yield, and consequently, to reduce the environmental footprint of the livestock sector. In this research, we investigated the performance of three recent commercial Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Piatã, BRS Paiaguás, and MG13 Braúna) extensively adopted in Brazil’s grazing systems subjected to different ranges of soil water potential. For three cutting periods, yield related-variables (e.g., plant height, leaf area, dry biomass, and water use efficiency) were measured. Our results point to the existence of a low drought-resistant trait among cultivars, indicating the need for releasing better-adapted cultivars to cope with reduced soil water availability. All cultivars achieved higher performance at soil water pressure head between −15 kPa and −25 kPa; and in general, the cultivar. Piatã showed slightly superior results to most of the treatments.

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