scholarly journals Identification of candidate genes for lutein esterification in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) using physical mapping and genomics tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Ávila ◽  
M. C. Palomino ◽  
D. Hornero-Méndez ◽  
S. G. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Genomics Tools ◽  
Different Genetic Background ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

A high carotenoid content is important for the production of pasta from durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and yellow alkaline noodle from common wheat (T. aestivum L.). Carotenoid esters are more stable than free carotenoid during storage and processing, and thus they allow a higher retention through the food chain. Chromosome 7D carries gene(s) for lutein esterification. The aim of this study was the physical mapping of the gene(s) for lutein esterification on chromosome 7D and the identification of candidate genes for this trait. We developed crosses between a set of deletion lines for chromosome 7D in Chinese Spring (CS) background and the CS–Hordeum chilense substitution line CS(7D)7Hch. The F2 progeny derived from the deletion line 7DS4 produced a lower amount of lutein esters, which indicates that the main gene for lutein esterification is in the region of chromosome 7D lacking in 7DS4. Other gene(s) are contributing to lutein esterification because small amounts of lutein esters are produced in 7DS4. Genotyping by DArTSeq revealed that 7DS4 lacks a 127.7 Mb region of 7DS. A set of 10 candidate genes for lutein esterification was identified by using the wheat reference genome sequence along with the Wheat Expression Browser. This region contains the Lute locus previously identified in a different genetic background. Four genes with acyltransferase or GDSL esterase/lipase activity were identified in the vicinity of Lute. Our results indicate that the gene TraesCS7D01G094000 is a likely candidate for Lute but the gene TraesCS7D01G093200 cannot be ruled out. The candidate genes reported in this work are worthy for further investigation.

scholarly journals Lutein esterification in wheat endosperm is controlled by the homoeologous group 7, and is increased by the simultaneous presence of chromosomes 7D and 7Hch from Hordeum chilense

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 912 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Mattera ◽  
A. Cabrera ◽  
D. Hornero-Méndez ◽  
S. G. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Wild Parent ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
The Impact

The high carotenoid content in tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) grains is derived from its wild parent, Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz. Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) is located on chromosome 7HchS and plays a major role in this trait. This study investigates the impact of the introgression of chromosome 7Hch into common wheat background on carotenoid composition, including xanthophylls esterified with fatty acids (monoesters and diesters). All of the genetic stocks carrying Psy1 from H. chilense increased their carotenoid content relative to common wheat. In addition, significant changes in the carotenoid profile were detected in different genetic stocks. The most relevant was the increase in content of lutein diesters when both 7Hch and 7D were present, which indicates the existence of genes involved in the esterification of xanthophylls in both chromosomes. Furthermore, our results suggest that 7Hch genes preferentially esterify lutein with palmitic acid, whereas 7D is either indifferent to the fatty acid or it prefers linoleic acid for lutein esterification. The involvement and complementarity of 7Hch and 7D are highly significant considering the scarcity of previous results on lutein esterification in wheat.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Skeletal Muscle Reveals Candidate Genes Influencing Muscle Growth and Associated Lipid Composition in Portuguese Local Pig Breeds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
André Albuquerque ◽  
Cristina Óvilo ◽  
Yolanda Núñez ◽  
Rita Benítez ◽  
Adrián López-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Nfkb Activation ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Slow Type ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Gene expression is one of the main factors to influence meat quality by modulating fatty acid metabolism, composition, and deposition rates in muscle tissue. This study aimed to explore the transcriptomics of the Longissimus lumborum muscle in two local pig breeds with distinct genetic background using next-generation sequencing technology and Real-Time qPCR. RNA-seq yielded 49 differentially expressed genes between breeds, 34 overexpressed in the Alentejano (AL) and 15 in the Bísaro (BI) breed. Specific slow type myosin heavy chain components were associated with AL (MYH7) and BI (MYH3) pigs, while an overexpression of MAP3K14 in AL may be associated with their lower loin proportion, induced insulin resistance, and increased inflammatory response via NFkB activation. Overexpression of RUFY1 in AL pigs may explain the higher intramuscular (IMF) content via higher GLUT4 recruitment and consequently higher glucose uptake that can be stored as fat. Several candidate genes for lipid metabolism, excluded in the RNA-seq analysis due to low counts, such as ACLY, ADIPOQ, ELOVL6, LEP and ME1 were identified by qPCR as main gene factors defining the processes that influence meat composition and quality. These results agree with the fatter profile of the AL pig breed and adiponectin resistance can be postulated as responsible for the overexpression of MAP3K14′s coding product NIK, failing to restore insulin sensitivity.

Effect of the Pairing Gene Ph1 and Premeiotic Colchicine Treatment on Intra- and Interchromosome Pairing of Isochromosomes in Common Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M Vega ◽  
Moshe Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Ph1 Gene

Abstract The analysis of the pattern of isochromosome pairing allows one to distinguish factors affecting presynaptic alignment of homologous chromosomes from those affecting synapsis and crossing-over. Because the two homologous arms in an isochromosome are invariably associated by a common centromere, the suppression of pairing between these arms (intrachromosome pairing) would indicate that synaptic or postsynaptic events were impaired. In contrast, the suppression of pairing between an isochromosome and its homologous chromosome (interchromosome pairing), without affecting intrachromosome pairing, would suggest that homologous presynaptic alignment was impaired. We used such an isochromosome system to determine which of the processes associated with chromosome pairing was affected by the Ph1 gene of common wheat—the main gene that restricts pairing to homologues. Ph1 reduced the frequency of interchromosome pairing without affecting intrachromosome pairing. In contrast, intrachromosome pairing was strongly reduced in the absence of the synaptic gene Syn-B1. Premeiotic colchicine treatment, which drastically decreased pairing of conventional chromosomes, reduced interchromosome but not intrachromosome pairing. The results support the hypothesis that premeiotic alignment is a necessary stage for the regularity of meiotic pairing and that Ph1 relaxes this alignment. We suggest that Ph1 acts on premeiotic alignment of homologues and homeologues as a means of ensuring diploid-like meiotic behavior in polyploid wheat.

scholarly journals The occurrence of fungi on roots and stem bases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown under two levels of chemical protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Szumiło
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
The University

Investigations were carried out in 2007-2009 on the plots of the Felin Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Science in Lublin. The studies comprised two cultivation lines of durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> L.): STH 716 and STH 717, as well as the 'Tonacja' cultivar of common wheat (<i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>vulgare</i> L.). Two levels of chemical protection were applied in the cultivation: minimal and complex protection. Infection of wheat roots and stem bases was recorded in each growing season at hard dough stage (87 in Tottman's scale, 1987). After three years of study, the mean disease indexes for the analyzed wheat genotypes in the experimental treatment with minimal protection were 31.13, 30.43 and 38.83 for, respectively, the 'Tonacja' cultivar and the cultivation lines of <i>T. durum</i> STH 716 and STH 717. In the experimental combination with complex protection, after three years of study the disease indexes ranged from 25.26 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 716) to 30.83 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 717). The results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that <i>Fusarium</i> spp., especially <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i> as well as <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, caused root rot and necrosis of wheat stem bases. The analyzed chemical protection levels did not significantly influence grain yield of the investigated genotypes of <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. durum</i>.

scholarly journals Mediation of a GDSL Esterase/Lipase in Carotenoid Esterification in Tritordeum Suggests a Common Mechanism of Carotenoid Esterification in Triticeae Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Requena-Ramírez ◽  
Sergio G. Atienza ◽  
Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Cysteine Substitution ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Strong Candidate

Carotenoids are essential in human diet, so that the development of programs toward carotenoid enhancement has been promoted in several crops. The cereal tritordeum, the amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz. and durum wheat has a remarkable carotenoid content in the endosperm. Besides, a high proportion of these carotenoids are esterified with fatty acids. The identification of the gene(s) responsible for xanthophyll esterification would be useful for breeding as esterified carotenoids show an increased ability to accumulate within plant cells and have a higher stability during post-harvest storage. In this work, we analyzed five genes identified as candidates for coding the xanthophyll acyltransferase (XAT) enzyme responsible for lutein esterification in H. chilense genome. All these genes were expressed during grain development in tritordeum, but only HORCH7HG021460 was highly upregulated. Sequence analysis of HORCH7HG021460 revealed a G-to-T transversion, causing a Glycine to Cysteine substitution in the protein of H290 (the only accession not producing quantifiable amounts of lutein esters, hereinafter referred as zero-ester) of H. chilense compared to the esterifying genotypes. An allele-specific marker was designed for the SNP detection in the H. chilense diversity panel. From the 93 accessions, only H290 showed the T allele and the zero-ester phenotype. Furthermore, HORCH7HG021460 is the orthologue of XAT-7D, which encodes a XAT enzyme responsible for carotenoid esterification in wheat. Thus, HORCH7HG021460 (XAT-7Hch) is a strong candidate for lutein esterification in H. chilense and tritordeum, suggesting a common mechanism of carotenoid esterification in Triticeae species. The transference of XAT-7Hch to wheat may be useful for the enhancement of lutein esters in biofortification programs.

Genetic and physical mapping of photoperiod insensitive gene Ppd-B1 in common wheat

Euphytica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Mohler ◽  
Rudy Lukman ◽  
Sophia Ortiz-Islas ◽  
Manilal William ◽  
Anthony John Worland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Genetic And Physical Mapping
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