Association analysis for seed yield, forage yield and traits related to drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Abtahi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Fatemeh Saeidnia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Polycross designs bridge the two usual mapping approaches (bi-parental mapping and association analysis) and increase mapping power by incorporating greater genetic diversity. In this study, we used diverse genotypes selected from polycrossed progenies to identify marker loci associated with a set of seed- and forage-related traits as well as drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Associations were estimated between phenotypic traits and 923 DNA markers (including 446 inter-simple sequence repeats and 477 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers). Positive relationship was found between forage yield and seed yield under normal and water-stress conditions, indicating that simultaneous improvement of seed and forage yield could be achieved in orchardgrass. The results of population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal and water-stress conditions, respectively, 341 and 359 markers were significantly associated with the studied traits. Most of these markers were associated with more than one trait. Water-environment specificity of trait-associated markers indicates that genotype × environment interactions influence association analysis. However, 75 stable associations were identified across two moisture conditions for traits such as seed and forage yield. Marker–trait association revealed that markers M1/E1-5, M2/E6-5, M3/E4-6, P14-7 and P845-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance index. The identified marker alleles associated with multiple traits across environments may be considered for further analysis for their chromosome locations, the corresponding sequences and their potential functions.

Association analysis of molecular markers with traits under drought stress in safflower

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Marker Loci

This study was performed to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and oil content under two moisture conditions and find stable associations in test environments in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Association analysis was conducted between eight important traits and 341 polymorphic AFLP markers produced by 10 primer combinations (EcoRI/MseI) in 100 safflower genotypes. The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences revealed by analysis of molecular variance. Association analysis explained the highest percentage of trait variation for seed yield (38%) under drought-stress conditions and number of seeds per capitulum (27.75%) under normal conditions. Four markers (M51/E41-6, M51/E41-4, M61/E40-6 and M62/E40-17) in drought-stress conditions and two markers (M62/E40-35 and M47/E37-13) in normal conditions were simultaneously associated with seed and oil yield. The markers stably associated with traits in all test environments included M62/E40-35 with seed yield in normal conditions, M62/E40-17 with seed yield in drought stress conditions, and M62/E41-11 with oil yield in drought-stress conditions. Significant relationships were identified between oil content and three markers (M61/E40-6, M47/E37-8 and M51/E32-9) under drought-stress conditions, and three markers (M61/E2-2, M61/E40-6 and M51/E41-12) under normal conditions. Among them, M51/E32-9 and M61/E2-2 markers showed stable association with oil content under drought-stress and normal conditions, respectively. Detected markers would be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs for safflower improvement in arid and semi-arid area.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Canopy Temperature and Chlorophyll Content are Effective Measures of Drought Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh JOKAR ◽  
Rahmatollah KARIMIZADEH ◽  
Asad MASOUMIASL ◽  
Reza AMIRI FAHLIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) is used for the preparation of multiple food products, including pasta and bread. Its production is restricted due to diverse environmental stresses i.e. drought and heat stress. Here, comparative analysis of durum wheat varieties was done by studying canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll content (CHL), yield and yield contributing traits to evaluate their performance under stress and low stress conditions. Twelve durum wheat genotypes were studied under stressful and low-stress conditions in Gachsaran region of Iran. CTD and CHL were measured at two stages, from the emergence of fifty percent of inflorescence (ZGS 54) to watery ripe stage (ZGS 71). According to stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices, genotype G10 exhibited the most, while genotype G6, the least relative tolerance, respectively. Based on MP and GMP, genotype G10 was found to be drought tolerant, while genotype G2 displayed the lowest amount of MP and GMP. Therefore these genotypes are recommended to be used as genitors in artificial hybridization for improvement of drought tolerance in other cultivars. All indices had high correlation with grain yield under stress and non-stress condition, indicating more suitability of these indices for selection of resistant genotype. Results of the present study showed that among drought tolerance indices, harmonic mean (HM), GMP, CTD and modified STI index (K2STI) can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Marker-trait association analysis for drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Trait Association ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Abstract Background Little information is available on the application of marker-trait association (MTA) analysis for traits related to drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass. The objectives of this study were to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices as well as fining stable associations in a diverse panel of polycross derived genotypes of smooth bromegrass. Phenotypic evaluations were performed at two irrigation regimes (normal and deficit irrigation) during 2 years; and association analysis was done with 626 SRAP markers. Results The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal irrigation, 68 and 57 marker-trait associations were identified using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear mode1 (MLM), respectively. While under deficit irrigation, 61 and 54 markers were associated with the genes controlling the studied traits, based on these two models, respectively. Some of the markers were associated with more than one trait. It was revealed that markers Me1/Em5–11, Me1/Em3–15, and Me5/Em4–7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance indices. Conclusion Following marker validation, the MTAs reported in this panel could be useful tools to initiate marker-assisted selection (MAS) and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and deficit irrigation regimes, and possibly fine mapping and cloning of the underlying genes and QTLs.

Physiological responses of drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in association with persistence and summer dormancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Benyamin Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

The genetic basis of physiological responses to drought and its association with productivity, persistence and summer dormancy is not clear in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Thirty-six orchardgrass genotypes were evaluated under water stress and non-stressed conditions during 2 years (2013–14). High genotypic variation was observed for all of the agronomic and physiological traits. Water stress reduced dry matter yield, relative water content and chlorophyll content while significantly increasing carotenoids, water-soluble carbohydrates, proline and chlorophyll a : b ratio. The results indicated that carotenoids and proline accumulation could not be used for discriminating drought-tolerant genotypes of orchardgrass, whereas water-soluble carbohydrates may be used to achieve this purpose. Moreover, the results showed that the stable genotypes that have lower changes in productivity from normal to water-stress environments also have more persistence. No association was found between summer dormancy and drought tolerance measured by both physiological and yield-based drought-tolerance indices. Some of the drought-tolerant genotypes had relatively high persistence and better autumn recovery, a characteristic useful for the development of new synthetic varieties.

scholarly journals Water stress intensified the relation of seed color with lignan content and seed yield components in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zare ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Ghodratollah Saeidi ◽  
Mohammad R. Sabzalian ◽  
Ehsan Ataii
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Stress Environment

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of yellow and brown seed coat color of flax on lignan content, seed yield, and yield components under two contrasting environments of non-stress and water stress conditions. The water stress environment intensified the discrimination between the two seed color groups as the yellow seeded families had lower values for seed yield components under the water stress. Heritability and the genetic advance for seed yield were significantly higher in brown-seeded families than those of yellow-seeded ones at water stress conditions. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) as the chief lignan in flaxseed was more abundant in yellow-seeded families under the non-stress environment but under water stress conditions, it increased in brown seeded families and exceeded from yellow ones. Considering that the brown and yellow seed color families were full sibs and shared a similar genetic background but differed in seed color, it is concluded that a considerable interaction exists between the flax seed color and moisture stress concerning its effect on seed yield and yield components and also the seed SDG content. Brown-seeded genotypes are probably preferred for cultivation under water stress conditions for better exploitation of flax agronomic and nutritional potentials.

scholarly journals Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Satwinder Kaur Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Biological Yield

Abstract:Sunflower is sensitive to drought and its hybrids have a limited cytoplasmic diversity. The wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well exploited to their potential for drought tolerance and hybrid development. In this respect, we carried out a Line × Tester based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty one-way F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes viz., normal irrigated and water stress. A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years. The significant differences were observed between parents and hybrids in both water regimes. Hybrids were higher in average values for all the descriptors than parents. The role of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content was three times higher in parents and their hybrids under water stress, and it was not correlated with any other descriptor. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Whereas, CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both the conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance when used in the different combinations.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study revealed loci linked to post-drought recovery and traits related to persistence of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Stress Environments ◽  
Trait Associations

Association analysis has been proved as a powerful tool for genetic dissection of complex traits. This study was conducted to identify marker – trait associations for recovery, persistence, and as well as finding stable associations. In this study, a diverse panel of polycross derived progenies of smooth bromegrass was phenotyped under normal and water stress, during three consecutive years. Association analysis was performed between nine important agronomic traits along with three seasonal growth activity indices based on 535 SRAP markers. Population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Association analysis using mixed linear mode1 identified 339 and 233 marker-trait associations under normal and water stress environments, respectively. Some of these markers were associated with more than one trait; which can be attributed to pleiotropic effects or to a number of tightly linked genes affecting several traits. If the effectiveness of these markers in genetic control of these traits is validated, they could be potentially used for initiation of marker-assisted selection and targeted trait introgression of smooth bromegrass under normal and water stress environments.

scholarly journals Biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizer impact on cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under different irrigation regimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Zeynab-Kobra Pishva ◽  
Majid Amini-Dehaghi ◽  
Amir Bostani ◽  
Amir-Mohammad Naji
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum

Introduction: Water and nitrogen deficits are the most important limiting factors for plant growth and crop production in the world. Drought stress would be amplified by the global warming. Moreover, nitrogen scarcity is occurred in most arid and semi-arid areas. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important plant due to export benefits and low water demand. This study was aimed to evaluate nitrogen fertilizer effect on yield and some physiological characteristics of cumin under different irrigation regimens. Methods: The experiment was performed based on a split plot as randomized complete block design. Experiment treatments were irrigation regimens (field capacity, irrigation by draining 40% of soil water as middle stress, and irrigation by draining 80% of soil water as severe stress) and nitrogen fertilizers (60 kg ha-1 urea, 30 kg ha-1 urea, Nitroxin, and Nitroxin + 30 kg ha-1 urea). Results: Drought stress reduced cumin dry weight, seed yield, and chlorophyll content. In contrary, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) rate, phenol content, anthocyanin amount, and activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) increased by water stress. Increment urea use resulted in amending cumin growth and seed yield in the field capacity. Also, nitrogen use and raising its rate under the middle water stress caused to improve cumin drought tolerance. However, under the severe water stress, nitrogen application had not a significant impress on drought acclimation and seed yield. Conclusion: Nitroxin inoculation with use of 30 kg ha-1 urea was the most effective treatment to ameliorate seed yield and drought tolerance.

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