Micronutrient seed priming improves stand establishment, grain yield and biofortification of bread wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nauman Ali ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Crop Stand

Agronomic biofortification by seed treatments is a convenient way to harvest improved yields of micronutrient-enriched grains. This 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) alone and in combinations on stand establishment, grain yield and biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seeds of wheat cv. Faisalabad-2008 were soaked in aerated solutions of 0.5 m Zn, 0.01 m B and 0.1 m Mn, alone and in different combinations, for 12 h. Seed priming with the micronutrients was quite effective in improving stand establishment, yield-contributing traits, grain yield, and straw and grain micronutrient contents during both years. Best stand establishment was achieved from seed priming with Zn+B, followed by seed priming with Zn+Mn. Grain yield improvement from different seed priming treatments was in the order Zn+B > Zn+Mn > Zn > B > Mn > Zn+B+Mn, with respective increases of 34%, 33%, 21%, 19%, 18% and 8% relative to untreated seeds. Seed priming with Zn, B and Mn alone and in combinations also improved the contents of the respective micronutrients in straw and grain. All seed priming treatments were economically profitable except Zn+B+Mn, which was not cost-effective. The highest benefit : cost ratio accrued from seed priming with Zn+B. In conclusion, seed priming with micronutrients was generally cost-effective in meeting the crop micronutrient requirements, and in improving crop stand, grain yield and grain micronutrient contents in bread wheat. Seed priming with Zn+B was the most effective in this regard.

scholarly journals Agro-economic evaluation of potassium application in spring maize under early and late sown conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
I Ahmad ◽  
M Akram
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Potassium Application ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Crop Stand

Although the yield potential of spring maize is much higher than autumn maize but high temperature at anthesis stage is one of the main problems in spring maize especially in late sown conditions which caused a synchronous pollination, fertilization and grain formation. Early sowing of the crop seems an ideal solution to escape the heat period but low temperature causes poor seedling establishment. Both temperature extremes osmotic and oxidative stresses are major reasons of economical crop damage. Potassium application may lessen these oxidative damages and crop stand establishment of maize under semi arid conditions of Faisalabad. Observations on number of plants per unit area, cobs per plant, grains per cob, 100-grain weight, grain yield, grain protein and oil contents were recorded by using standard procedures. The net income and benefit cost ratio were calculated to evaluate the most economical and profitable potassium level. Sowing dates affected significantly number of plants, cobs per plant, grains and 100-weight, grain yield, grain protein and oil contents while potassium application considerably improved grain yield through increasing crop stand under both early and late sown conditions by ameliorating stresses. It is concluded that the benefit cost ratio of 100 kg ha-1 potassium application is only beneficial under early planting on 1st February.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 295-302, 2017

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

scholarly journals Agro-Economic Performance of Intercropping Hybrid Maize with Vegetables and Spices at Farmer’s Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
MI Nazrul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Sylhet Region ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the profitability of intercropping of hybrid maize with vegetables and spices. Five intercrop combinations of hybrid maize along with sole maize were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated six times. There were six treatments viz., T1: Maize + potato, T2: Maize + red amaranth, T3: Maize + spinach, T4: Maize+ data shak, T5: Maize + coriander and T6: Maize as sole. The grain yield of maize in intercropped combination varied significantly. The highest grain yield (9.71 t ha-1) was in sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield 15.60 t ha-1 was recorded from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato) whereas the lowest yield (8.61 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment T6 (sole maize). The highest gross return (Tk. 312000 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.29) was obtained from the treatment T1 (100% maize + potato). On the contrary, the lowest gross margin (Tk. 101600 ha-1) was obtained from treatment T2 (maize + red amaranth). It revealed that the combination of maize with potato was more compatible and profitable intercropping system in Sylhet region of Bangladesh Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 73-78

Efficient two-stage sequential arrays of proof of concept studies for pharmaceutical portfolios

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022095817
Author(s):  
Linchen He ◽  
Linqiu Du ◽  
Zoran Antonijevic ◽  
Martin Posch ◽  
Valeriy R Korostyshevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Benefit Cost

Previous work has shown that individual randomized “proof-of-concept” (PoC) studies may be designed to maximize cost-effectiveness, subject to an overall PoC budget constraint. Maximizing cost-effectiveness has also been considered for arrays of simultaneously executed PoC studies. Defining Type III error as the opportunity cost of not performing a PoC study, we evaluate the common pharmaceutical practice of allocating PoC study funds in two stages. Stage 1, or the first wave of PoC studies, screens drugs to identify those to be permitted additional PoC studies in Stage 2. We investigate if this strategy significantly improves efficiency, despite slowing development. We quantify the benefit, cost, benefit-cost ratio, and Type III error given the number of Stage 1 PoC studies. Relative to a single stage PoC strategy, significant cost-effective gains are seen when at least one of the drugs has a low probability of success (10%) and especially when there are either few drugs (2) with a large number of indications allowed per drug (10) or a large portfolio of drugs (4). In these cases, the recommended number of Stage 1 PoC studies ranges from 2 to 4, tracking approximately with an inflection point in the minimization curve of Type III error.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of a Land Ferry System to Reduce Highway Maintenance Cost and Associated Externalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve J. Merrill ◽  
Alexander Paz ◽  
Victor Molano ◽  
Pramen P. Shrestha ◽  
Pankaj Maheshwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Benefit Cost

This study provides an economic evaluation for a Land Ferry, which is a rail system capable of carrying trucks and all other types of vehicles, passengers, and cargo. The Land Ferry system involves a sliding loading system to roll heavy loads onto a flatbed; as a result, loading and unloading of all vehicles and cargo could be accomplished simultaneously. The evaluation for this system included (1) the design of a new track alignment over which the Land Ferry system would run, (2) evaluation of various sources of power, (3) estimation of how many local jobs the Land Ferry would generate, and (4) a benefit-cost analysis. It was estimated that the Land Ferry would create over 45,788 temporary jobs in Nevada during the three-year construction period and 318 permanent jobs during operation. The majority of the benefits were attributed to savings in travel time ($356.4 M), vehicle operating costs ($1000.4 M), reduction of accidents ($544.6 M), and pavement maintenance ($503.2 M). These benefits would be a consequence of the shift of trucks from the highway, thus resulting in higher speeds, decrease fuel consumption, and decrease vehicle maintenance costs. The overall benefit-cost ratio of 1.7 implies a cost-effective project.

EFFICIENT TILLAGE AND NUTRIENT PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE PEARL MILLET PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT SOIL AND AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. MARUTHI SANKAR ◽  
P. K. MISHRA ◽  
K. L. SHARMA ◽  
S. P. SINGH ◽  
A. K. NEMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost

SUMMARYLong-term field experiments were conducted at Agra, Solapur and Hisar from 2000 to 2008 to identify efficient tillage and nutrient management practices and to develop predictive models that would describe the relationship between crop yields and monthly rainfall for rainfed pearl millet grown on arid and semi-arid Inceptisol, Vertisol and Aridisol soils. Nine treatments comprising a factorial combination of three tillage practices, viz., conventional tillage (CT), low tillage + interculture (LT1) and low tillage + herbicide (LT2) and three fertilizer treatments viz., 100% N from an organic source (F1), 50% organic N + 50% inorganic N (F2) and 100% inorganic N (F3) were tested in a split-plot design at the three locations. Studies revealed that tillage and fertilizer treatments, and their interactions, significantly influenced pearl millet grain yields at the three locations. Prediction models describing the relation between grain yield and monthly rainfall indicated that rainfall occurring in June, July and August at Agra; June and July at Solapur; and June and August at Hisar significantly influenced pearl millet grain yield attained by different treatments. The R2 values of the model ranged from 0.64 to 0.81 at Agra; 0.63 to 0.92 at Solapur, and 0.75 to 0.89 at Hisar. When averaged over all the treatment combinations, mean pearl millet grain yields varied from 1590 to 1744 kg ha−1 at Agra; 1424 to 1786 kg ha−1 at Solapur; and 1675 to 1766 kg ha−1 at Hisar while their corresponding sustainability yield indice (SYI) varied from 35.4 to 42.2%, 19.9 to 45.6% and 64.1 to 68.3%, respectively. At Agra (Inceptisol), CTF3 resulted in significantly higher mean net returns (Rs 11 439 ha−1), benefit-cost ratio (2.33), rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) (3.52 kg ha−1 mm−1) and the second best SYI (39.9%). At Solapur (Vertisol), the LT1F3 resulted in significantly higher net returns (Rs 12 818 ha−1), benefit-cost ratio (3.52), RWUE (3.89 kg ha−1 mm−1) and the fourth best SYI (42.6%). At Hisar (Aridisol), the LT1F3 treatment gave higher net returns (Rs 3866 ha−1), benefit-cost ratio (1.26), RWUE (5.05 kg ha−1 mm−1) and the fourth best SYI (67.8%). These treatment combinations can be recommended for their respective locations to achieve maximum RWUE, productivity and profitability.

Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Safety Assist Technologies in ASEAN NCAP – Rationalizing the Impact to Road Safety for Malaysia’s Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Norlen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rating Scheme

The newly established New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has incorporated Safety Assist Technologies (SATs) in its automobile safety rating scheme. In order for any assessed car to be eligible for the maximum 5-star rating, it should first be equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and fitted with seatbelt reminder (SBR). However, since these SATs are not being evaluated in their performance by the means of field testing, this paper explains the benefit of having these SATs through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which help to rationalize the importance of SATs in preventing road accidents or mitigating severity of injuries. Due to data limitation, this preliminary CBA assessment will only be focusing on Malaysia’s situation and is based on published sources and the authors’ best estimates. This study also includes the Cost-Benefit Analysis on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which is the basis for ESC technology, in preparation for its inclusion in the future rating scheme to expedite the vision of making ABS as standard fit in all ASEAN’s passenger cars. The preliminary result shows that all technologies – ESC, SBR and ABS – appear to be cost-effective (benefit/cost-ratio > 3) or most likely cost effective (1 < benefit/cost-ratio < 3) in Malaysia’s road safety situation per se.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Transplanted Rice as Influence by different Trellis Vegetables

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Masud Rana Parvej ◽  
Sudipto Saha Dipto ◽  
Atik Ahmed ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Benefit Cost

The aim of this study is to find out effects of different trellis-vegetables grown at the edge of the rice field on the productivity and profitability of transplanted modern aman rice BINA Dhan-7. The study design was held as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) since it was repeated three times. The experimental treatments were T1 = rice + bottle gourd, T2 = rice + white gourd, T3 = rice + yard long bean, T4 = rice + bitter gourd and T5 = rice + cucumber. The results revealed that grain yield was the highest (3.48 t ha-1) in rice + cucumber (T5) and the lowest grain yield (2.65 t ha-1) was found in rice + bottle gourd (T1). In terms of vegetable production, the maximum vegetable yield (21.33 t ha-1) was obtained from rice + bottle gourd (T1) and the minimum value (0.25 t ha-1) was received from rice + cucumber (T5) crop combination. Moreover, the highest rice equivalent yield (23.98 t ha-1) was found from rice + bottle gourd (T1) crop combination and lowest value (3.48 t ha-1) was found from rice + cucumber (T5) crop combination. The highest value of gross return (Tk. 316290 ha-1) was obtained from the T1 treatment (rice + bottle gourd) and the lowest value of gross return (Tk. 50835 ha-1) was recorded from the treatment T5. The maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.35) was recorded from T1 treatment and the lowest benefit-cost ratio (0.71) was observed in T5 treatment. Finally, the growing of bottle gourd production at the edge of transplanted aman rice BINA Dhan-7 cultivation approach will be a significantly beneficial production technique.

scholarly journals On-farm study on intercropping of hybrid maize with short duration vegetables

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
UK Sarker ◽  
S Dey ◽  
S Kundu ◽  
MA Awal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Netrakona during rabi season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the feasibility of intercropping of hybrid maize with different short duration vegetables and economic returns. Three intercrop combinations of hybrid maize along with sole maize were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated six times. There were four treatments viz., T1- Sole crop of maize, T2 - Three rows of red amaranth (25 cm apart) in between two (75 cm apart) rows of Maize, T3 - Three rows of bush bean (25 cm apart) in between two (75 cm apart) rows of Maize and T4 -Three rows of garden pea (25 cm apart) in between two (75 cm apart) rows of Maize. Yield contributing characters and yield of maize did not varied significantly due to intercropping with vegetables. The grain yield of maize in intercropped combination varied from 7.30-7.43 t/ha. But the highest grain yield (7.68 t/ha) was in sole maize. Maize equivalent yields in the intercrops ranged from 10.67-14.96 t/ha. The highest maize equivalent yield (14.96 t/ha), gross return (Tk. 224400/ha), gross margin (Tk.166830/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.90) were obtained in maize + garden pea combination. The lowest maize equivalent yield (7.68 t/ha), gross return (Tk. 115200/ha), gross margin (Tk. 64128/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.26) were obtained from sole crop of maize. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18195 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 1-4, 2013

scholarly journals A Simulation Study of the Effect of Injecting Carbon Dioxide with Nitrogen or Lean Gas on the Minimum Miscibility Pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed GH Mansour ◽  
Talal Gamadi ◽  
Hussain R Saoyleh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the concentration of injected gases on recovery factors. CO2 has been used for flooding because it requires low injection pressures to achieve miscibility. However, the availability of CO2 is an issue. CO2 required for the process is not sufficient for the reservoir under consideration. Moreover, its benefit-cost ratio (b/c) represents another issue; higher volumes of CO2 increases the economic expenditures. An alternative is to inject lean gas or nitrogen along with CO2 to achieve better recoveries at optimum costs and suitable pressure. Slim tube simulation using a commercial simulator is utilized to measure the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of an injected gas mixture. The mixture contains CO2/N2 or CO2/lean gas. Using different concentrations in the injected mixture, an effect on the recovery factor is studied. The first 30 runs have 100% concentration of each individual gases i.e. N2, CO2 and lean gas. Based on these runs, the simulation model is validated using the co-relations present in the literature. Gas mixtures of CO2/N2 and CO2/lean gas were then simulated using the compositional model to test the effect on MMP by varying the concentration of each gas in the mixture. By changing the volumes of the gas in the injected mixture, we can find the optimum concentration of each component in the mixture in terms of MMP. From the results obtained through simulation, it can be deduced that higher percentages of CO2 in the mixture would result in reduced minimum miscibility pressure. The addition of a secondary slug to the injected CO2 fluid increases the pressure required to achieve miscibility. Of N2 and Lean gas, Lean gas provided better results as it showed low miscibility pressure responses compared to the same amount of N2 gas. For example, for a case, 50% CO2 and 50 %N2 or lean gas mixture, the MMP for the lean gas mixture is 3500 Psi, while for N2 mixture it was 4667 Psi. However, lean gas is expensive as compared to N2 and N2 is easily available. N2, if used in optimum concentration along with CO2 can produce greater recoveries keeping the process cost-effective while satisfying other constraints. CO2 is widely used for miscible injection, but it presents problems like costs, corrosion, and asphaltene deposition etc. The study can give an idea of the success of carrying out EOR through gas flooding by using N2 and CO2 to enhance recovery at low cost. N2 is easily available from air and it is cheap.

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