Evaluation of lentil varieties and farming system effect on seed damage and yield loss due to bruchid (Bruchus spp.) infestation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Anastasios S. Lithourgidis ◽  
Dimitrios V. Baxevanos ◽  
Athanasios G. Mavromatis ◽  
Christos S. Noulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
System Effect

A major constraint of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) cultivation is yield reduction due to field infestation by the seed beetles Bruchus spp. (bruchids). The aim of the study was to assess seed loss (SL) and yield loss (YL) due to bruchid infestation under organic and conventional farming, and to investigate genotypic variability for seed yield of 20 lentil varieties in response to bruchid damage. Field experiments were established over three consecutive years in two areas of central and northern Greece. SL was determined as the percentage of damaged seeds, whereas the weight of the damaged seeds was estimated as YL. Farming system was the main source of variation for both SL and YL. Mean SL under organic farming was 15% and mean YL was 0.13 t ha–1. SL and YL were 2.6- and 8.4-fold higher, respectively, under organic than conventional farming. Valuable genotypic variability was observed with respect to both SL and YL. Early flowering and small seed size were traits associated with low SL and YL. Among varieties, mean SL ranged from 8.5% to 29.2% and YL from 0.06 to 0.31 t ha–1. Evaluation for high yield potential, indicating bruchid tolerance, revealed two types of promising varieties: varieties with high yield and low seed bruchid damage due to phenological escape, and varieties with high yielding potential despite the high SL and YL.

Wheat cultivar yield response to some organic and conventional farming conditions and the yield potential of mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. NEWTON ◽  
D. C. GUY ◽  
K. PREEDY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Low Nitrogen

SUMMARYA range of wheat cultivars, including elite cultivars, older cultivars and some preferred by organic growers, were trialled under high and low nitrogen (N) conventional and organic conditions to determine whether cultivars that yield highly under organic conditions have the same relative yield under conventional conditions. A range of cultivar mixtures was also assessed to see whether these gave yield advantages or superiority in either farming system. The conventional trials were grown with and without full fungicide programmes, which largely controlled disease. Amongst the cultivars, Alchemy showed superior yield under organic conditions as did Pegassos, but under conventional conditions Pegassos was always one of the low-ranking cultivars. Under conventional conditions the more recent cultivars Alchemy, Glasgow and Istabraq yielded highly, while an older one, Consort, yielded highly under low fertilizer conditions, and both Ambrosia and Deben also yielded highly generally. Fungicide and high N favoured the disease-susceptible, high-yield cultivars such as Glasgow whereas Consort, an older susceptible cultivar, was favoured by fungicide and low N. Together this demonstrates that whilst the yield characteristics of some elite germplasm are also expressed under organic conditions, at least one cultivar that yielded poorly under conventional conditions showed adaptation towards the organic conditions of these trials. Other cultivars yielding poorly under conventional conditions also gave poor yield under organic conditions. The equal proportion mixtures of cultivars grown under conventional conditions showed no evidence of differences in yield from the mean of the component cultivars grown separately, but combinations of Glasgow, Alchemy and Istabraq gave consistently high yield.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

Enhancement of dwarf wheat germplasm with high-yield potential derived from induced mutagenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Linshu Zhao ◽  
Jiayu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

AbstractThe dwarfing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has promoted a dramatic increase in yields. Since the utilized dwarfing genes in wheat are very limited, identification of novel dwarfing genes is necessary for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, more than 300 dwarfing wheat lines from induced mutation were screened by kompetitive allele-specific PCR and gibberellin (GA) treatment. The 17.49% of Rht-D1b and 1.37% of Rht-B1b dwarfing mutants were identified in this mutant group. Additionally, Rht-D1b mutants showed more effective in reduction of plant height and higher 1000-grain weight comparing with that of Rht-B1b mutants. By combing with comparison of yield components and expression profile of GA biosynthetic genes with wild-type, the GA-responsive mutant dm15 without directly involvement in GA metabolism, significantly increased 1000-grain weight but no change of other yield components in two locations of field experiments. Meanwhile, another elite mutant dm11 with change of GA biosynthetic genes expression was also identified. These mutants will be promising candidates for dwarfing wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Responses of Total Biomass, Shoot Dry Weight, Yield and Yield Components of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Varieties under Different Terminal Drought Duration

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Aunchana Chaimala ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Banyong Toomsan ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
High Yield Potential

As a secondary crop planting in the double-cropping system, terminal drought is the major constraint of Jerusalem artichoke production in the rainfed area. This study aims to estimate the effects of different durations of terminal drought on total biomass, tuber yields, harvest index, yield components, and to identify high yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes for the varietal improvement program. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted under field experiment for two years. Three drought durations including non-drought stress (SD0), drought from 60 and 45 days after transplanting until harvest (SD1 and SD2, respectively), were assigned in main plots and six genotypes were arranged in subplots. Crop parameters were greater decreased under a long-drought duration than under short-drought duration. The genotypes were identified; HEL256, JA37 and JA125 had high yield potential under SD0 conditions, whereas there was high yield reduction under drought conditions. In contrast, JA60 and HEL253 were identified as low yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes. This information suggested that high yield potential genotypes and low yield reduction genotypes should be selected and generated progeny population for improvement of new varieties with high yield potential and low yield reduction for growing in terminal drought-prone environments.

Carrier Volume Affects Wheat Response to Simulated Glyphosate Drift

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Roider ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Stephen A. Harrison ◽  
Curtis A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Carrier Volume

The influence of carrier volume was evaluated in field experiments for glyphosate applied to wheat at rates representing 12.5 and 6.3% of the usage rate of 1,120 g ai/ha (140 and 70 g/ha, respectively). Wheat at first node and at heading was exposed to glyphosate applied in a constant carrier volume of 234 L/ha, where herbicide concentration declined with reduction in dosage, and in proportional carrier volumes of 30 L/ha for the 12.5% rate and 15 L/ha for the 6.3% rate, where herbicide concentration remained constant. At 28 d after treatment, glyphosate applied at first node in proportional carrier volume (an average for 30 and 15 L/ha adjusted proportionally to glyphosate rate) reduced wheat height 42% compared with 15% when glyphosate was applied in 234 L/ha. Height reduction was no more than 15% when glyphosate was applied at heading in 234 L/ha or in the proportional carrier volumes and at first node in 234 L/ha. Wheat yield was reduced 42% when glyphosate at 140 g/ha was applied in 234 L/ha but was reduced 54% for the same rate applied in proportional carrier volume. For 70 g/ha glyphosate, wheat yield was reduced 11% when applied in 234 L/ha, but was reduced 42% when the same rate was applied in proportional carrier volume. Wheat yield reduction was equivalent when glyphosate was applied in 234 L/ha at first node and at heading (29 and 24%, respectively), but yield reductions of 60% for first node application and 36% for heading application were observed when glyphosate was applied in a proportional carrier volume. When averaged across carrier volumes and glyphosate rates, the greater yield loss from application at first node was attributed to decreased number of spikelets per spike and seed weight per spike.

scholarly journals Wild onion (Asphodelus tenuifolius) competition in rainfed chickpea-chickpea cropping system

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SIBTAIN ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
M.M. JAVAID ◽  
H.H. ALI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Chickpea yield potential is limited by weed competition in typical chickpea growing areas of Pakistan where zero tillage crop grown on moisture conserved from rains received during the months of September and August. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield characteristics of chickpea grown in coexistence with increasing densities of wild onion (Asphodelus tenuifolius). The experiment was comprised of six density levels viz. zero, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 plants m-2 of A. tenuifolius. A decrease in chickpea primary and secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield was observed due to more accumulation of dry matter per increasing densities of A. tenuifolius. The increase in A. tenuifolius density accelerated chickpea yield losses and reached the maximum values of 28, 35, 42, 50, 58 and 96% at 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 A. tenuifolius plants m-2, respectively. The yield loss estimation model showed that chickpea losses with infinite A. tenuifolius density were 60%. Yield reduction could be predicted by 2.52% with increase of one A. tenuifolius plant m-2. It is concluded that A. tenuifolius has a strong influence on chickpea seed yield and showed a linear response at the range of densities studied.

Genetic variability in sunflower cultivars under drought. I. Yield relationships

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fereres ◽  
C Gimenez ◽  
JM Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
High Yield Potential

Field experiments were conducted between 1981 and 1983 at Cordoba, Spain, to evaluate the yield responses to drought of 53 sunflower genotypes. There was substantial variability among genotypes both in dryland yield and in yield potential, estimated as the yield under frequent irrigation. No association was found between yield potential and the drought susceptibility index, suggesting that drought resistance and high yield potential may be combined in improved sunflower cultivars. Water deficits reduced harvest index (HI) in all genotypes but the decrease in HI varied among genotypes. Excellent correlations were found between HI and grain yield under dryland conditions for genotypes with similar length of season. The reduction in HI due to water deficits was mostly due to adjustments in seed number with less variation in individual seed weight. In turn, the reduction in seed number was due to a combination of reduced head size and of the area having viable seeds. The length of season of the genotypes apparently affected the yield component adjustments in response to water deficits.

Weed Suppression Potential of ‘Rondo’ and Other Indica Rice Germplasm Lines

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy ◽  
WenGui Yan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability ◽  
Field Plots

Research was conducted to evaluate the weed suppression potential of ‘Rondo’ (4484-1693; PI 657830), a sister line (4484-1665), and other indica rice lines against barnyardgrass in field plots in Stuttgart, AR, using minimal herbicide inputs in two separate 3-yr experiments. Under weed pressure, Rondo and the sister line (4484-1665) generally produced yields that were comparable to those of weed-suppressive indica standards and approximately 50% greater than those of the least-suppressive commercial cultivars, such as ‘Kaybonnet’, ‘Katy’, and ‘Lemont’. Rice yield under weed pressure was correlated with weed-free yield and harvest height. Indica lines tended to produce more tillers than did the commercial cultivars. Tillering potential under weed-free conditions was not correlated with weed suppression or yield loss; however, tillering under weed pressure was strongly correlated with weed suppression and biomass, and yield and yield loss under the weed densities in these experiments. Rondo is presently being used for commercial organic rice production in Texas, in part due to its high yield potential and ability to suppress or tolerate rice pests, including weeds. Our results suggest that the weed-suppressive ability of Rondo and the other indica lines evaluated in these experiments is superior to that of many commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference with corn across the northcentral United States

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Fischer ◽  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Sam Phillips ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density

Variation in crop–weed interference relationships has been shown for a number of crop–weed mixtures and may have an important influence on weed management decision-making. Field experiments were conducted at seven locations over 2 yr to evaluate variation in common lambsquarters interference in field corn and whether a single set of model parameters could be used to estimate corn grain yield loss throughout the northcentral United States. Two coefficients (IandA) of a rectangular hyperbola were estimated for each data set using nonlinear regression analysis. TheIcoefficient represents corn yield loss as weed density approaches zero, andArepresents maximum percent yield loss. Estimates of both coefficients varied between years at Wisconsin, andIvaried between years at Michigan. When locations with similar sample variances were combined, estimates of bothIandAvaried. Common lambsquarters interference caused the greatest corn yield reduction in Michigan (100%) and had the least effect in Minnesota, Nebraska, and Indiana (0% yield loss). Variation inIandAparameters resulted in variation in estimates of a single-year economic threshold (0.32 to 4.17 plants m−1of row). Results of this study fail to support the use of a common yield loss–weed density function for all locations.

scholarly journals Introgression of qDTY1.1 Governing Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance Into an Elite Rice Variety ‘Pusa Basmati 1’ Through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Aruna Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Drought stress at the reproductive stage in rice is one of the most important cause for yield reduction, affecting both productivity and quality. All Basmati rice varieties, including the popular cultivar ‘Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)’ is highly sensitive to reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS). We report for the first time, improvement of a Basmati cultivar for RSDS tolerance, with the introgression of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), ‘qDTY1.1’ into PB1. The QTL donor was sourced from an aus variety, Nagina 22 (N22). A QTL linked microsatellite (SSR) marker ‘RM 431’ was employed for foreground selection for qDTY1.1 in the marker assisted backcross breeding process. A set of 113 SSR markers polymorphic between N22 and PB1 were utilized for background selection to ensure higher genome recovery. After three backcrosses followed by five generations of selfing, eighteen near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed, through combinatory selection for agro-morphological, grain and cooking superiority traits. The NILs were evaluated for three consecutive Kharif seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019 under well-watered and drought stress conditions. RSDS tolerance and yield stability indicated that NIL3, NIL5, NIL6, NIL7, NIL12, NIL15 and NIL17 were best in terms of overall agronomic and grain quality under RSDS. Additionally, NILs exhibited high yield potential under normal condition as well. The RSDS tolerant Basmati NILs with high resilience to water stress, is a valuable resource for sustaining Basmati rice production under water limiting production environments.

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