Effect of VRN1 and PPD1 genes on anthesis date and wheat growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Harris ◽  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
J. M. Virgona ◽  
P. J. Martin ◽  
J. R. Condon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Per Se

Phasic development of wheat is largely determined by the interaction of the VRN1 and PPD1 genes with vernalising temperature and photoperiod. VRN1 and PPD1 are regulatory genes, known to influence freezing tolerance, plant morphology and grain yield as well as phasic development. Forty-seven doubled-haploid lines were characterised for Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 to determine the effect of allelic combinations of these genes on timing of anthesis and crop growth rate. The lines were grown in replicated field experiments at two locations in Australia. The VRN1 and PPD1 genes accounted for 75% of the genetic variation for time from sowing to anthesis. Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 similarly affected time to anthesis, but only Vrn-B1 affected crop growth rate, with the spring Vrn-B1a allele resulting in faster crop growth rates than the winter Vrn-B1v allele. This suggests that the effect of Vrn-B1 on crop growth rate is not a direct consequence of its effect on development per se, but rather due to its influence on other physiological processes. The faster growth associated with Vrn-B1a may explain the high grain yield of cultivars with this allele in some environments, as shown in a previous study.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dry Matter Partition with Grain Yield in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
D. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy ◽  
P. Raghuveer Rao ◽  
M. Sheshu Madhav ◽  
V. Gouri Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Initiation Stage

The experimental field was laid in RBD replicated thrice with 30 high yielding rice genotypes which includes 26 advanced breeding lines (ABL) (SP-351, SP-352, SP-353, SP-354, SP-355, SP-356, SP-357, SP-358, SP-359, SP-360, SP-70, SP-72, SP-63, SP-61, SP-69, SP-55, SP-80, SP-25, SP-13,  SP-03, SP-02, SP-34, SP-37, SP-08, SP-75 and SP-57) and four checks (NDR-359, BPT-5204, IR-64, Jaya). Seven genotypes showed significantly higher leaf weight over the BPT-5204. Further, leaf weight at panicle initiation stage showed a positive relationship with TDM (Total Dry Matter) (r=0.51**). At the panicle initiation stage, only three genotypes (SP-354, SP-358, and SP-72) were superior to BPT-5204 in leaf weight. The shoot biomass and total dry weight was superior only in one genotype SP-72 as compared to BPT-5204. Similarly, the net assimilation rate at panicle initiation stage was maximum in SP-08 (9.92g m-2 day-1) and SP-72 (9.35g m-2 day-1) as compared to check BPT-5204 (6.47g m-2 day-1). These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). The relationship between CGR (Crop Growth Rate) and TDM (Total Dry Matter) and grain yield (r=0.61**) was positive and significant at physiological maturity. Genotypes SP-08 and SP-72 showed significantly higher CGR (Crop Growth Rate) over BPT-5204 and hence, yielded higher. In the present study compared to BPT-5204, genotypes SP-72, SP-08 maintained higher lea area index at all crop growth stages. These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). Positive significant relationship between LAI (Leaf Area Index) and total dry matter at harvest and; grain yield has been observed.

scholarly journals OF SOME FIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS RESPONSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim & Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Significant Difference

Two field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib of agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of water irrigation quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on some morphological traits of wheat cultivar bahooth 10. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation volumes which control treatment (irrigation 50% of the water available), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sub plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. Irrigation treatment 70% of first experiment produced plant height was 97.08 cm and flag leaf area 46.35 cm-2 and dry weight at 100% anthesis 1144.57 gm m-2.  For second experiment control treatment gave highest values for duration from planting to 100% anthesis 113.41 and 111.50 day, number of tillers 388.95 and 403.18 tiller m-2 , the crop growth rate 10.61 and 11.31 g m-2 day for both season respectively with no significant difference with 70% of control treatment for both seasons. Soaking concentration 3 micromoles attained the highest value of number of tillers 338.58 and 354.20 tiller m-2, dry matter at 100% anthesis 970.10 and 1102.43 gm m-2, day the crop growth rate 8.85 and 10.16 gm-2 . day for both seasons respectively .While spraying 90 micromoles concentration gave the lowest values for plant height 82.63 and 88.22 cm, but the highest value for number of tillers 336.67 and 384.92 tiller m-2 , for both season , day the crop growth rate 9.13 and 9.05 g m-2 day for first season with did not differ significantly from 60 micromoles . Therefore could be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in growth traits, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress .

Studies of grain production in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). V.* Effect of planting density on growth and yield

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth analysis was applied to grain sorghum (cv. RS610) grown at low, medium and high population densities, i.e. 14,352, 143,520 and 645,836 plants ha-1 respectively. The medium densities had two arrangements of plants, square (S) and rectangular (R). Crop growth rates, inflorescence growth rates, leaf area indices, net assimilation rates and leaf growth rates were calculated from growth functions of plant dry matter and leaf area over time. Differences in crop growth rate between populations in the early stages were attributed to leaf area development—specifically to the initial leaf area (dependent on seedling number) and not to differences in leaf growth rates. Peak crop growth rates were 15.0, 27.5, 26.0 and 45.8 g m-2 day-1 for the low, medium (S), medium (R) and high populations respectively.The large difference between the growth rates of the medium (S) and the high populations was not explained by differences in the amount of radiation intercepted. Although leaf area indices were 4.6 and 10.2 respectively for the two populations, both canopies intercepted almost all of the noon radiation. Light extinction coefficients were 0.45 and 0.29 respectively. The relationship between net assimilation rate and leaf area index was such that for comparable leaf area indices above 2, plants at higher densities showed greater improvement in yield per unit increment in leaf area index. A maximum grain yield of 14,250 kg ha-1 was obtained at the high population density as a result of higher dry matter production, but a similar harvest index to that of the crops grown at the other densities. Inflorescence growth rate (g m-2 day-l) slightly exceeded crop growth rate in the latter part of grain filling, which indicated that there was some retranslocation to the grain of previously assimilated material. The maximum grain yield represents an efficiency of utilization of short-wave solar radiation during crop life of 2.5 x 10-6g cal-1. *Part IV, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 25 (1975).

Physiology of Grain Yield in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

SUMMARYDodoma Edible outyielded Natal Common groundnut, due to varietal effects associated with differences in pod number, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, number of grains/pod and m2, and weight of individual grain. Increase in plant density led to an increase in grain yield. There was a close and positive relation between stem and pod dry weight; grain yield and leaf area duration; and crop growth rate, grain yield and grain number/m2 of land surface. A greater proportion of total dry matter was diverted into the stems of Dodoma Edible than Natal Common.

Crop rotation and soil N amendment effects on maize production in eastern Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Ma ◽  
J. Ying ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
M. J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Continuous Maize

Relying less on fertilizer N and more on crop residual and biological N2 fixation by legume crops has been suggested as an effective way to meet the challenge of maximizing economic return while minimizing environmental pollution. A field study was conducted on a Brandon loam soil (Orthic Humic Gleysol) to determine the effects of crop rotation and N amendments on grain yield, crop growth, N uptake and use efficiency (NUE) of maize ( Zea mays L.) and fertilizer replacement values of legume. The rotations included maize in annual rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) or continuous maize. The soil N amendments included no amendment, NH4NO3 at 100 kg N ha-1, stockpiled or rotted dairy manure at 50 Mg ha-1 (wet weight). Averaged across 4 yr, increases in maize grain yield, total plant N uptake, and NUE ranged from 13 to 35% in the maize-soybean and maize-alfalfa rotations compared to continuous maize monoculture. During the study, total dry matter production was 15 to 35% higher and crop growth rate was 13 to 23% higher for maize following alfalfa than for continuous maize monoculture. The effect of legumes on the subsequent growth of maize (i.e., total dry matter production a n d crop growth rate) was most apparent during the grain filling period. Total maize dry matter production was similar up to silking stage for all three rotation systems; however, the difference in total dry matter between maize monoculture and maize in rotation with legume continued to increase after this stage so that the greatest differences were observed at physiological maturity. Grain yield was 19% higher in the 100 kg N ha-1 treatment and 23% higher in the repeated manure amendment than in the unfertilized treatment. Fertilizer N replacement values were on average, 68 kg ha-1 for soybean and 133 kg ha-1 for alfalfa. Our results indicate that maize in annual rotation with legume crops could increase the maize yields by as much as 20% and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer N by as much as 180 kg N ha-1. The effect of legume preceding crop on maize dry matter production and N uptake is expressed mostly in the later stages of crop growth in this mid- to short-growing- season region. Key words: Rotation, Zea mays, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, manure, nitrogen use efficiency

scholarly journals RESPON PAKLOBUTRAZOL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI LOKAL WESEL

EUGENIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semuel D. Runtunuwu ◽  
D. M.F. Sumampouw ◽  
P. Tumewu ◽  
R. Mamarimbing ◽  
R. M.N. Rengkung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Response of rice to paclobutrazol (PBZ) depends on plant variety. This experiment were done to know the influence of PBZ to growth and yield of local rice Wesel using randomized block design (RBD). The treatment consist of four dosages of PBZ with four replications. The results showed PBZ treatmant enhance of grain yield per plant, number of productive tillers (NPT),  weight of 1.000 grains, crop growth rate (CGR), and leaf chlorophyll content.Keywords: Paclobutrazol (PBZ), crop growth rate (CGR), chlorophyll, yield, local rice

scholarly journals Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
David M. Deery ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
Jose A. Jimenez-Berni ◽  
Anthony G. Condon ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Ground Based Lidar

Highly repeatable, nondestructive, and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass (AGB) and crop growth rate (CGR) are important for wheat improvement programs. This study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR: 3D voxel index (3DVI) and 3D profile index (3DPI). Across three field experiments, contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture, several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to anthesis. Phenotypic correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant, ranging from 0.31 (P<0.05) to 0.86 (P<0.0001), providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for AGB. The repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB, particularly under water limitation. The correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between experiments. However, across all experiments, the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB, except for the 3DPI in the water-limited environment. In our experiments, the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB, both at discrete time points and when CGR was calculated. These findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR, as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR, for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

RESPON PAKLOBUTRAZOL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI LOKAL WESEL

EUGENIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semuel D. Runtunuwu ◽  
D. M.F. Sumampouw ◽  
Pemmy Tumewu ◽  
Rinny Mamarimbing ◽  
R. M.N. Rengkung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT   Response of rice to paclobutrazol (PBZ) depends on plant variety. This experiment were done to know the influence of PBZ to growth and yield of local rice Wesel using randomized block design (RBD). The treatment consist of four dosages of PBZ with four replications. The results showed PBZ treatmant enhance of grain yield per plant, number of productive tillers (NPT),  weight of 1.000 grains, crop growth rate (CGR), and leaf chlorophyll content. Keywords: Paclobutrazol (PBZ), crop growth rate (CGR), chlorophyll, yield, local rice

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BORON AND ETHEPHON IN GROWTH AND YIELD OF BREAD WHEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Naqeeb & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Biological Yield

The experiment was carried out at the farm of field of Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study the effect of boron elements and ethephon on some growth characteristics and the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The boron spray with three concentrations (50, 75 and 100) mg B.L-1 in addition to control treatment (without boron) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seed with concentrations level of ethephon (1500, 2500 and 3500) mg.L-1 in addition to control treatment (without soaking) as a sub plots. The results of showed that 100 mg B.L-1 gave highest means for plant height (108.81 and 115.53) cm, crop growth rate (32.80 and 35.30) gm.m-2. day-1, number of grains per spike (47.44 and 48.58) grain.spike-1, weight of 1000 grain (42.04 and 41.37) gm, grain yield (4.76 and 5.01)m ton.ha-1, biological yield (12.15 and 12.57) ton.ha-1, harvest index (39.19 and 39.89)%. In addition, the results showed that soak wheat seed with 3500 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in height plant (93.98 and 101.66) cm and this treatment (3500 mg.L-1) gave highest means for number of tillers (505.29 and 519.06) tiller.m-2, crop growth rate (33.44 and 35.78) gm.m-2. day-1, number of spikes (384.61 and 415.55) spike.m-2, number of grains per spike (46.37 and 47.21) grain.spike-1, grain yield (4.67 and 4.85) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.96 and 12.55) ton.ha-1 and harvest index (39.01 and 38.61)% for both seasons, respectively. The interaction between 100 mg B.L-1 and 3500 mg.L-1 ethephon gave highest mean for crop growth rate (35.76 and 38.83) gm.m-2. day-1 for both seasons, respectively.

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