Physiology of salinity tolerance in Bromus danthoniae genotypes originated from saline and non-saline areas of West Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Rezaei ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Ghodratollah Saeidi ◽  
Mostafa Karami
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Halophytic Grasses

Genetic resources of halophytic grass species are vital factors to be explored for improvement in pasture and rangeland productivity and to elucidate mechanisms of salinity tolerance. The objective of the present study was to understand the adaptive strategies of Bromus danthoniae to a hyper-saline environment by using 80 genotypes originated from saline and non-saline areas in West Iran. Salinity treatments of 0 and 350 mm NaCl were applied for 4 weeks, and plant growth, leaf water status, ionic status, oxidative stress and salt-excretion responses were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic (G) variation for all traits as well as significant salinity stress (S) and G × S effects for most of the traits. Dry matter was positively correlated with K+/Na+ (r = 0.69) and Ca2+/Na+ (r = 0.66) ratios, and negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (r = –0.72). In addition, a coincidence of low concentrations of Na+ in the leaf tissues and the excretion of salt crystals on the sheath leaves and leaf blades was observed in the hyper-salinity tolerant genotypes. These observations open up new avenues for elucidating potential strategies and pathways used by halophytic grasses to avert the excess Na+ in their plant tissues.

scholarly journals Comparison of drought resistance in strawberry clover and white clover

2007 ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
W. Lin ◽  
S.A. Stilwell ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Leaf Parameters

This study set out to compare plant function and performance of strawberry clover to that of white clover. To test this, the two species were exposed to drought for 4 weeks under controlled environmental conditions. Water stress reduced the size and dry matter of white clover leaves by more than 50%, whereas strawberry clover leaves remained unaffected. White clover photosynthesis decreased by nearly 50% under drought, accompanied by a reduction in leaf water status (water potential) by more than one third. In contrast, strawberry clover maintained a higher water status, photosynthesis and transpiration rate under drought than white clover. In addition, we observed drought-induced reductions in white clover leaf quality, including lower nitrogen levels. We conclude that strawberry clover displays drought resistance in a number of key leaf parameters. The findings suggest value in testing strawberry clover as a complement or alternative to white clover in droughtprone pasture environments. Keywords: drought, strawberry clover, Trifolium fragiferum L., Trifolium repens L., white clover

Dew absorption by the leaf trichomes of Combretum leprosum in the Brazilian semiarid region

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. C. B. Pina ◽  
Roberta B. Zandavalli ◽  
Rafael S. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando R. Martins ◽  
Arlete A. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Leaf Trichomes ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Combretum Leprosum ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Dew formation is common in several regions of the world, but in arid and semiarid regions dew may represent an important water source for plants. In this study, we tested whether the leaves of a common shrub in the semiarid region of Brazil, Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae) absorb dew. We also identified the leaf anatomical structures that are involved in this process and tested whether dew absorption favours hydration of leaf tissues in both field and greenhouse experiments. The translucent and shiny leaf trichomes of C. leprosum absorbed dew. Leaf water absorption through hydrophilic trichomes and the presence of hydrophilic polysaccharides in C. leprosum increased its leaf water status. The presence of paraveinal mesophyll and the role of this tissue in the redistribution of water in the leaf are shown for the first time in Combretaceae.

scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Aquaporin in Regulating Drought Tolerance through Overexpressing of Festuca arundinacea Aquaporin Gene FaPIP2;1

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhuang ◽  
Mengxian Liu ◽  
Xiuyun Yuan ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Aquaporin (AQP) proteins serve important roles in regulating water movement across cellular membranes and affect plant responses to drought stress. The objective of this study was to characterize and examine functions of an AQP gene FaPIP2;1, isolated from a drought-tolerant perennial grass species tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), for involvement in leaf dehydration status during water stress by overexpressing the gene in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). FaPIP2;1 had characteristic transmembrane domains and Asn–Pro–Ala motifs and was similar to PIP2;1 in rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that FaPIP2;1 was upregulated during moderate water stress (hydroponic culture, osmotic potential (ΨS) at −0.47 and −0.78 MPa) and the transcript level decreased as ΨS further decreased. Transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing FaPIP2;1 showed greater number of leaves per plant and improved survival rate compared with the wild type (WT) during drought stress. Transgenic plants also maintained higher leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and lower leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) than the WT. However, there was no difference in root length between the transgenic and WT plants following drought stress. The results demonstrated that overexpressing FaPIP2;1 could improve plant tolerance to drought stress by enhancing leaf water status, Chl, and photosynthetic rate, as well as maintaining improved cellular membrane stability relative to the WT plants. FaPIP2;1 may be used as a candidate gene for genetic modification of perennial grasses to develop new drought-tolerant germplasm and cultivars.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Corn Silage: Relationships with Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Communities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Antonio Gallo ◽  
Francesca Ghilardelli ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Barbara Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Low Levels

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages were grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, and they were characterized for being contaminated by (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high levels of non-regulated Fusarium-mycotoxins; (5) high levels of fumonisins and their metabolites. Altersetin was detected in clusters 1, 3, and 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F were detected in several samples, with the highest concentration in cluster 3. Emodin was detected in more than 50.0% of samples of clusters 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Kojic acid occurred mainly in clusters 1 and 2 at very low concentrations. Regarding Fusarium mycotoxins, high occurrences were observed for FB3, FB4, FA1, whereas the average concentrations of FB6 and FA2 were lower than 12.4 µg/kg dry matter. Emerging Fusarium-produced mycotoxins, such as siccanol, moniliformin, equisetin, epiequisetin and bikaverin were detected in the majority of analyzed corn silages. Pestalotin, oxaline, phenopirrozin and questiomycin A were detected at high incidences. Concluding, this work highlighted that corn silages could be contaminated by a high number of regulated and emerging mycotoxins.

Employment of artificial neural networks for non-invasive estimation of leaf water status using color features: a case study in Spathiphyllum wallisii

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Soodabeh Fatahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural

Visual estimation of plant water status in cereals

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Breeding Programmes

SummaryThe potential offered for plant breeding programmes by visual scoring techniques for plant water status was investigated in rice and spring wheat. It was found that differing plant morphology could seriously bias visual estimates of leaf water potential, particularly in spring wheat. In spite of this problem, it was found that at least for rice, this type of approach may have potential in future breeding programmes where an estimate of leaf water status is required, such as those for drought tolerance, so long as a high intensity of selection is not necessary.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata V. Menezes ◽  
André D. Azevedo Neto ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Hewsley H. B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

scholarly journals Diurnal Regulation of Leaf Water Status in High- and Low-Mannitol Olive Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bianco ◽  
Giuseppe Avellone
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Diurnal Regulation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document