Canola integration into semi-arid wheat cropping systems of the inland Pacific Northwestern USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Pan ◽  
F. L. Young ◽  
T. M. Maaz ◽  
D. R. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Winter Canola ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Oilseed Processing ◽  
Semi Arid

The inland Pacific Northwestern USA (iPNW) wheat-producing region has a diversity of environments and soils, yet it lacks crop diversity and is one of the few semi-arid wheat-growing regions without significant integration of oilseeds. Four major agroecological zones, primarily characterised by water availability, feature distinctly different fallowed and annually cropped systems, each presenting different challenges and opportunities to integrate winter and spring canola. Although major interests in regional energy crops and rotational diversification spurred feasibility research on iPNW canola food, feed and fuel production in the 1970s, commercial canola adaptation has lagged behind other semi-arid wheat regions for various socioeconomic, ecophysiological and agronomic reasons. New federal crop insurance policies will reduce economic risks in new crop adaptation, and oilseed processing facilities are creating new local markets. Although canola management largely relies on wheat farm equipment, agronomic approaches require strategic adjustments to account for physiological differences between canola and cereals including seed size, seedling morphology and responses to temperature extremes. Climate change predictions for the region threaten to exacerbate current hot and dry summers and research aims to develop and adapt flexible winter and spring canola-based systems to regional water and temperature stressors in each zone. Adaptation will require novel planting, fertilisation and weed control strategies to successfully establish improved winter canola cultivars in hot dry summers that survive cold winters, and spring canola cultivars direct-seeded in cool wet springs. The adaptation of winter and spring canola will somewhat mirror the rotational placement of winter and spring cereals within each zone. Economic analysis of oilseed break crop benefits such as weed and disease control will help to demonstrate the medium-term economic benefits of crop diversification to support the growth of a regional canola industry in the iPNW.

scholarly journals Effects of Cumin/Maize Intercropping on Crop Productivity, Interspecific Interaction and Water Use Efficiency in the Semi-arid Area of Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
W. L. Zhang ◽  
J. R. Shao ◽  
L. Shen ◽  
T. T. Liu ◽  
Tayir Tohti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

In the semi-arid areas of Xinjiang in China, the agricultural community is facing long-term challenges in improving crop productivity and economic profits. A potential way to improve crop productivity is by intercropping food crops with cash crops. In this two-year field experimental study, we analyzed the advantages of the cumin/maize intercropping system as compared to cultivating them separately from three perspectives: crop growth, interspecific interactions, and water use efficiency. At the experimental site, each cropping systems (i.e., the cumin/maize intercropping system, monocropping cumin system, and monocropping maize system) had three replicates. In the experimental of 2019 and 2020, the three cropping systems showed significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index (LAI). The yields of the cumin/maize intercropping system were both lower than monocropping maize and cumin. However, the cumin/maize intercropping system had a higher land equivalent ratio (LER) than either of the monocropping systems, with a two-year average value of 1.65. Intercropped cumin was less dominant; as shown by aggressivity (Acm; averaging—0.22) and relative crowding coefficient (Rcm; averaging—3.15). In addition, the cumin/maize intercropping system significantly improved the Water equivalent ratio (WER) as compared to the monocropping systems, with a two-year average value of 1.67. Therefore, the cumin/maize intercropping system is a promising agricultural strategy to improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources and economic benefits in Xinjiang.

Growth and Economic Profitability of Castor Cultivation in the Semi-arid Zone of Haryana

2020 ◽  
pp. 300-305
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Castor Seed ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Extract Information

The present study was carried out in three districts viz; Rewari, Sirsa and Hisar of Haryana state. A survey of 60 sampled farms was conducted to extract information pertaining to various expenses incurred in cultivation of castor and output attained as well as to ascertain the perception of farmers for various problems encountered in production and marketing of castor seed. The descriptive analysis was employed to draw valid inferences from the study. The results revealed that net profit accrued from cultivation of castor seed was ₹ 46331 ha -1 in the study area. The value of B: C ratio of castor cultivation was more than one and also higher as compared to prevalent cropping systems indicated that cultivation of castor seed is economical viable entity. However, production constraints like retention of F2 seed in the field over year, grain scattering, shortage of irrigation water, frost effect on crop yield and marketing constraints like absence of MSP, higher transportation cost sale of castor seed in distant markets, frequent fluctuation in market price, non-availability of processing units were observed.

Yield and water use efficiencies of maize and cowpea as affected by tillage and cropping systems in semi-arid Eastern Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Miriti ◽  
G. Kironchi ◽  
A.O. Esilaba ◽  
L.K. Heng ◽  
C.K.K. Gachene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Semi-Arid Irrigated Cropping Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Bierer ◽  
April B. Leytem ◽  
Robert S. Dungan ◽  
Amber D. Moore ◽  
David L. Bjorneberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Semi Arid

Insufficient characterization of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in semi-arid climates contributes uncertainty to SOC sequestration estimates. This study estimated changes in SOC (0–30 cm depth) due to variations in manure management, tillage regime, winter cover crop, and crop rotation in southern Idaho (USA). Empirical data were used to drive the Denitrification Decomposition (DNDC) model in a “default” and calibrated capacity and forecast SOC levels until 2050. Empirical data indicates: (i) no effect (p = 0.51) of winter triticale on SOC after 3 years; (ii) SOC accumulation (0.6 ± 0.5 Mg ha–1 year–1) under a rotation of corn-barley-alfalfax3 and no change (p = 0.905) in a rotation of wheat-potato-barley-sugarbeet; (iii) manure applied annually at rate 1X is not significantly different (p = 0.75) from biennial application at rate 2X; and (iv) no significant effect of manure application timing (p = 0.41, fall vs. spring). The DNDC model simulated empirical SOC and biomass C measurements adequately in a default capacity, yet specific issues were encountered. By 2050, model forecasting suggested: (i) triticale cover resulted in SOC accrual (0.05–0.27 Mg ha–1 year–1); (ii) when manure is applied, conventional tillage regimes are favored; and (iii) manure applied treatments accrue SOC suggesting a quadratic relationship (all R2 > 0.85 and all p < 0.0001), yet saturation behavior was not realized when extending the simulation to 2100. It is possible that under very large C inputs that C sequestration is favored by DNDC which may influence “NetZero” C initiatives.

scholarly journals Neoteric Fuzzy control stratagem and design of Chopper fed Multilevel Inverter for enhanced Voltage Output involving Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunddararaj ◽  
Rangarajan ◽  
Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Bidirectional Converters ◽  
Hybrid Controller ◽  
And Control ◽  
Novel Design

The utilization of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) has started to garner more attention worldwide considering the environmental and economic benefits. This has led to the invention of new technologies and motifs associated with batteries, bidirectional converters and inverters for Electric Vehicle applications. In this paper, a novel design and control of chopper circuit is proposed and configured with the series and parallel connection of the power electronic based switches for two-way operation of the converter. The bidirectional action of the proposed converter makes it suitable for plug-in electric vehicle applications as the grid is becoming smarter. The DC–DC converter is further interfaced with the designed multilevel inverter (MLI). The reduced switches associated with the novel design of MLI have overcome the cons associated with the conventional inverters in terms of enhanced performance in the proposed design. Further, novel control strategies have been proposed for the DC–DC converter based on Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy based control logic. For the first time, the performance of the entire system is evaluated based on the comparison of proposed PI, fuzzy, and hybrid controllers. New rules have been formulated for the Fuzzy based controllers that are associated with the Converter design. This has further facilitated the interface of bidirectional DC–DC converter with the proposed MLI for an enhanced output voltage. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid controller provides better performance in terms of voltage gain, ripple, efficiency and overall aspects of power quality that forms the crux for PEV applications. The novelty of the design and control of the overall topology has been manifested based on simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Nitrogen use in maize-grain legume cropping systems in semi-arid Kenya

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam ◽  
M. Wood ◽  
P. G. Mugane
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Advanced control strategies for bioprocess chromatography: Challenges and opportunities for intensified processes and next generation products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1639 ◽  
pp. 461914
Author(s):  
Alexander Armstrong ◽  
Kieran Horry ◽  
Tingting Cui ◽  
Martyn Hulley ◽  
Richard Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

scholarly journals The use of groundwater crustacean communities as indicators for aquifers quality in the semi-arid region of north-central Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iepure ◽  
Nicolas Gouin ◽  
Angeline Bertin ◽  
Ana Camacho ◽  
Antonio González-Ramón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Groundwater Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Chile has large extensions of arid and semi-arid regions throughout the whole country, where the intensive demands and use of water resources, especially groundwater for irrigations and mining activities, increased dramatically over the last decades. The aquifer depletions due to water abstraction for irrigation and nutrient loads, exert major alterations of water quality, groundwater recharge and the natural renewal rate. All these factors diminish the aquifer value for the users and contribute to the degradation of groundwater as environment and habitat for fauna. This intensive use of groundwater resources in Chile brought to significant social and economic benefits, but their inadequate management resulted in negative environmental, legal and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we aimed at providing a first assessment of environmental alterations of groundwater ecosystems from agricultural watersheds in northern Chile by specifically evaluating the effects of nitrogen and pesticide loads on groundwater communities and identifing the ecosystem service alterations due to agricultural activities. The study has been performed in a glacial aquifer from Coquimbo region; 250 km north of Santiago de Chile, the floodplain of which is dominated by agriculture (fruits tress, vineyards). Due to low regional precipitations (100-240 mm/year) the aquifer is primarily recharged by snowmelt from the Andean chain and surface runoff. The relative groundwater levels, groundwater temperature, chemical analysis of nitrogen and total phosphorus and pesticide concentrations were examined, along with the evaluation of crustacean biodiversity and spatial distribution pattern. Stygofauna taxonomic richness and the presence of stygobites have been related more to groundwater level stability than to chemical water parameters indicating that over-exploitation has a negative impact on habitat suitability for groundwater invertebrates. Groundwater biota assessment is essential in understanding the impact produced by agriculture activities on groundwater as a resource and as ecosystem, a nexus that becomes more and more widely recognized. The rationale and the preliminary results of this study are summarized in the Suppl. material 1.

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