Genetic diversity of eight millet genera assessed by using molecular and morphological markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Zdislava Dvořáková ◽  
Petra Hlásná Čepková ◽  
Iva Viehmannová ◽  
Lenka Havlíčková ◽  
Dagmar Janovská
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
High Level ◽  
Close Relatedness ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

In this study, the genetic diversity and relationships among eight millet genera were investigated by molecular and morphological data analyses. Sixty-nine millet accessions were analysed by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, and evaluated for morphological traits. Eight AFLP primer pairs were amplified successfully and 779 bands were scored for all accessions, with a high level of polymorphism detected. Nei’s genetic distance among all accessions varied from 0.0123 to 0.4246 and the Shannon’s index was estimated at 0.9708. The neighbour joining tree, using the unweighted neighbour-joining method and Dice’s dissimilarity coefficient, was constructed. The AFLP markers revealed the close relatedness between the Eragrostis and Panicum genera, whereas the greatest distance was found the Pennisetum and Echinochloa genera. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP profiles revealed that the majority of accessions of a given millet genus tend to group together. Clustering from morphological data allocated individuals into three main clusters with high variation. The genetic variability found between the analysed accessions was weakly negatively correlated (r = –0.074) with their morphological attributes. However, high molecular and morphological variability indicated that this collection includes rich and valuable plant materials for millet breeding.

Characterizing genetically diverse blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths] seed sources

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
G.M.A. Friesen ◽  
S.R. Smith ◽  
D.J. Cattani ◽  
A.T. Phan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Blue Grama ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Significant Difference

The need for regionally adapted native grass seed sources for the northern Great Plains has resulted in the commercial release of a range of plant materials, including ecovars™ 1 . Ecovars™ are multisite composite populations developed to combine broad genetic diversity from a geographic region. The objective of this study was to determine whether morphological data could be used to distinguish between genetically diverse blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths] seed sources through classical statistical methods. Entries included a Manitoba (MB) ecovar™, a USDA–NRCS released cultivar ‘Bad River’, and ecotypes from Wyoming and Minnesota. Vegetative and reproductive measurements and ratings were taken from a spaced-plant nursery during 2000–2001 in Carman, Manitoba, Canada. The results were analyzed using statistical techniques including: ANOVA, least significant difference, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and coefficients of variation. These techniques distinguished four genetically diverse seed sources from each other through CDA. As hypothesized, there was greater within-population genetic diversity for the MB ecovar™ and Wyoming and Minnesota ecotypes, compared with ‘Bad River’. Our results indicate that genetically diverse blue grama seed sources can be distinguished, based on phenotypic measurements.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Origin of Slovene Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm as Revealed by AFLP Markers and Phaseolin Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelka Šustar-Vozlič ◽  
Marko Maras ◽  
Branka Javornik ◽  
Vladimir Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
High Level

There is a long tradition of common bean cultivation in Slovenia, which has resulted in the development of numerous landraces in addition to newly established cultivars. The genetic diversity of 100 accessions from the Genebank of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia (AIS) were evaluated with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and phaseolin seed protein. Twenty-seven standard accessions of known Mesoamerican and Andean origin, 10 wild Phaseolus vulgaris accessions and two related species, P. coccineus L. and P. lunatus L., were also included. Ten AFLP primer combinations produced 303 polymorphic bands, indicating a relatively high level of genetic diversity. Based on the marker data, unweighted pair group method with arithmethic mean (UPGMA) analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) all P. vulgaris accessions were separated into three well-defined groups. Two groups consisted of accessions of Mesoamerican and Andean origin, while the third was comprised of only four wild P. vulgaris accessions. A set of Slovene accessions formed a well-defined sub-group within the Andean cluster, showing their unique genetic structure. These data were supported by phaseolin analysis, which also revealed additional variants of “C” and “T” phaseolin types. The results are in agreement with previous findings concerning diversification of common bean germplasm introduced in Europe.

scholarly journals Unexpected Absence of Population Structure and High Genetic Diversity of the Western Atlantic Hermit Crab Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859 (Decapoda: Diogenidae) Based on Mitochondrial Markers and Morphological Data

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Keity S. Nishikawa ◽  
Mariana Negri ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Climate Fluctuations

Recent studies on genetic variability have revealed different patterns of genetic structure among populations of marine decapod species with wide geographical distribution. The hermit crab Clibanarius antillensis has a broad distribution along the western Atlantic Ocean, from south Florida (United States) to Santa Catarina (Brazil). This factor, in addition to differences in larval morphology and in adult coloration, makes this species a good model for studies on intraspecific variations. Therefore, we evaluated the molecular and morphological variability of C. antillensis along its distribution in order to check the levels of population structure. The results were based on the morphological analyses of 187 individuals and 38 partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA and 46 of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from specimens whose locations covered the whole species distribution. The molecular analyses did not show any apparent population structure of C. antillensis. This result was corroborated by the morphological analyses since the characters analyzed did not show any pattern of variation. Our results may be explained by a set of factors, such as the dispersive potential of the species and the absence of barriers that could prevent gene flow. In addition, high genetic diversity was observed, mainly for COI, which may be explained by the historical processes of the species, which seem to be in almost constant expansion in the last 700,000 years and experienced no genetic bottleneck. Apparently, this species was little affected by the climate fluctuations of Pleistocene. Additionally, our morphological analyses allowed us to present herein a redescription of the studied species since we noted differences from the characters in the diagnosis.

Genetic and morphological diversity in Stachys lavandulifolia (Lamiaceae) populations

Biologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Fatemeh Taban ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Zahra Noormohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Geographical Populations

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant that grows in different parts of Iran and forms many geographical populations. We have no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Therefore, we planned a genetic and morphological investigation in St. lavandulifolia geographical populations in Iran. The obtained data are important for conservation and germplasm management of this medicinal plant species. Seventy-four plants were randomly collected from 14 geographical populations and studied for genetic diversity (ISSR molecular markers) and morphological variability. The  highest value for gene diversity occurred in populations 1 and 4 (0.133 and 0.129, respectively). The  latitude and altitude were positively correlated with gene diversity and genetic polymorphism while longitude was negatively correlated with them. The Mantel test showed correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. AMOVA revealed a significant genetic difference among populations and showed that 58% of total genetic variation was due to within-population diversity. The STRUCTURE analysis and K-Means clustering identified two gene pools for St. lavandulifolia. The  consensus tree of both molecular and morphological data identified divergent populations.

Genetic diversity in colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) revealed by EcoRI–MseI and PstI–MseI AFLP markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhao ◽  
Suleiman S Bughrara ◽  
Jose Alberto Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Jaccard Similarity ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
High Level

Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) is a potential source for genetic improvement of resistance to environmental stress and disease for other bentgrass species (Agrostis spp.). To conserve and study the existing genetic resources of colonial bentgrass for use in breeding, genetic diversity was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Included in this study were 22 accessions from US Department of Agriculture germplasm collected from 11 countries, in conjunction with 14 accessions from northern Spain and 3 commercial cultivars. Ten EcoRI–MseI and 6 PstI–MseI AFLP primer combinations produced 181 and 128 informative polymorphic bands, respectively. Cluster analysis of genetic similarity estimates revealed a high level of diversity in colonial bentgrass species with averages of 0.51 (EcoRI–MseI) and 0.63 (PstI–MseI). Greater genetic diversity was detected by the EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations. A low but significant positive correlation (r = 0.44, p = 0.0099) between the 2 Jaccard similarity matrices was obtained by the Mantel test. Commercial cultivars of bentgrass showed a narrow genetic background. The assessment of genetic diversity among colonial bentgrass accessions suggested the potential value of the colonial bentgrass germplasm in turfgrass cultivar improvement.Key words: colonial bentgrass, genetic diversity, AFLP, cluster analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Some Wild Populations of Thymus Kotschyanus Usingrapd Molecular Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khoshsokhan ◽  
M. Babalar ◽  
M. Fatahi ◽  
A. Poormeidani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Thymus Kotschyanus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gilan Province ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Abstract RAPD molecular markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of some population of thyme (Thymus kotschyanus) from Iran. The 17 tennucleotide primers used that produced 185 high-resolution bands, which 21 of these were monomorphic and 162 were polymorphic. An average, 10.88 bands were obtained per primer and 9.52 of these were polymorphic. POPGENE software was used to calculate Nei's genetic distance among populations and based on the cluster analysis of this matrix, a UPGMA dendrogram was drawn using the software NTSYS-pc. On the basis of dendrogram among populations of wild mountain thyme, Avan (Qazvin) and Siahkal (Gilan province) populations was the most similar between studied populations with the distance of 0.094 high disimilarity was observed between Qazvin and Mazandaran 2 populations with the distance of 0.185 within populations variation based on Shannon's information index and Nei genetic diversity index showed that Takestan (I= 0.26; H= 0.3) and Alamut (I= 0.24; H= 0.15) had a highest and lowest within populations variation compared to other populations, respectively. Average of Fst and Nm indices, which represent the amount of gene flow between populations, were recorded as 0.26 and 1.361, respectively, which reflects the high level of gene exchange between ten populations of Thymus kotschyanus.

Genetic Diversity of 118 Sugarcane Germplasm Using AFLP Markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1877
Author(s):  
Feng-Gang ZAN ◽  
Cai-Wen WU ◽  
Xue-Kuan CHEN ◽  
Pei-Fang ZHAO ◽  
Jun ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Sugarcane Germplasm

Assessment of genetic variability amongst cultivated populations of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) detected by ISSR

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karishma Kashyap ◽  
Rasika M. Bhagwat ◽  
Sofia Banu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
High Level

Abstract Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a commercial mandarin variety grown in northeast India and one of the 175 Indian food items included in the global first food atlas. The cultivated plantations of Khasi mandarin grown prominently in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam, northeast India, have been genetically eroded. The lack in the efforts for conservation of genetic variability in this mandarin variety prompted diversity analysis of Khasi mandarin germplasm across the region. Thus, the study aimed to investigate genetic diversity and partitioning of the genetic variations within and among 92 populations of Khasi mandarin collected from 10 cultivated sites in Kamrup and Kamrup (M) districts of Assam, India, using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The amplification of genomic DNA with 17 ISSR primers yielded 216 scorable DNA amplicons of which 177 (81.94%) were polymorphic. The average polymorphism information content was 0.39 per primer. The total genetic diversity (HT = 0.28 ± 0.03) was close to the diversity within the population (HS = 0.20 ± 0.01). A high mean coefficient of gene differentiation (GST = 0.29) reflected a high level of gene flow (Nm = 1.22), indicating high genetic differentiation among the populations. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed 78% of intra-population differentiation, 21% among the population and 1% among the districts. The obtained results indicate the existence of a high level of genetic diversity in the cultivated Khasi mandarin populations, indicating the need for preservation of each existing population to revive the dying out orchards in northeast India.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in population of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Hamouda
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Dna Pattern ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rapd And Issr

Abstract Background Silybum marianum L. Gaertn is a medicinal plant of unique pharmaceutical properties in the treatment of liver disorders and diabetic nephropathy. Biochemical (SDS-PAGE) and molecular markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technologies were used in this work to detect genetic diversity of 14 collections of Silybum marianum population in Egypt. Results The electrophoretic pattern of seed protein gave different molecular weight bands, ranging from 24 to 111 KDa with the presence of unique bands. RAPD results revealed a high level of polymorphism (73.2%) using 12 RAPD primers, but only eight of them gave reproducible polymorphic DNA pattern. Sixteen primers were used in the ISSR method; only ten of them yielded clearly identifiable bands. The percentage of polymorphism is about 80% of the studied samples. Conclusion The obtained data confirmed that SDS-protein, RAPD, and ISSR markers are important tools for genetic analysis for Silybum marianum and recommended to give accurate results.

scholarly journals Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes of the Halophytic Plant Kalidium schrenkianum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Zhi-Dong Zhang ◽  
Qi-Yong Tang ◽  
Mei-Ying Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Root Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Endophytic bacteria and fungi colonize plants that grow in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the communities of endophytic bacteria and fungi of halophyte Kalidium schrenkianum growing in stressed habitats with ionizing radiation. The geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) both affected the structure of endophytic communities. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aerial tissues of K. schrenkianum had higher fungal diversity, while roots had higher bacterial diversity. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of bacterial classes. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation affected bacterial and fungal community structure in roots but not in aerial tissues, and had a strong effect on fungal co-occurrence networks. Overall, the genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments, however negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that radiation affects root endophytes, and that the endophytes associated with aerial tissues and roots of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

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