Across-trophic variation of potassium, calcium and magnesium stoichiometric traits in a parasitism food chain across temperate and subtropical biomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Andrea Rosanoff ◽  
Chunjiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Chinese Cork Oak

Potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are three macro-elements essential for plants and animals. The ratios K : Mg or K :  (Ca + Mg) are viewed as indices of physiological status in livestock animals. In plants, Ca, Mg and K concentrations can vary with climate in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, with a widespread tree species (Chinese cork oak, Quercus variabilis Blume) and an acorn predator (the weevil Curculio davidi Fairmaire), we investigate how K, Ca and Mg vary in soils, plant tissues (leaves and acorns) and a consumer (herbivore insects) with climatic variables induced by latitude (LAT) across the temperate–subtropical areas of eastern China. Concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in soils, leaves, acorns and weevil larvae showed different degrees of variation across the study area, but only Mg concentration increased significantly with rising LAT across all four trophic levels, albeit with varying slopes. With rising mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP), soil Ca significantly decreased, as did leaf and acorn K concentrations, whereas all four tropic levels showed significant decreases in Mg content with both MAT and MAP (P < 0.05–0.001). Leaf and acorn Ca : Mg showed significant relationships with LAT and MAT (P < 0.05–0.01). The K : (Mg + Ca) ratio in soils and weevil larvae increased linearly with MAP (P < 0.05), and acorn K : (Mg + Ca) ratio varied in a concave manner (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that variations of Ca, Mg and K in plant tissues and weevil larva across a study area of 20° LAT range were largely driven by climatic factors, and that Mg concentration changes in all four trophic levels with climate (and LAT) largely drive changes in soil, plant and consumer ratios between Mg, Ca and/or K. These results provide information on possible effects of climate change on nutrient dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Changes in the Tree-Ring Width-Derived Cumulative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over Northeast China during 1825 to 2013 CE

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Ruoshi Liu ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xuxiang Li ◽  
Huiming Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Tree Ring Width

Vegetation coverage is very important in terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems. However, the observational record of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which started in the 1980s when satellites became widely used, is too short to investigate the history of variation in vegetation coverage beyond the modern observation period. Here, we present a 189 y vegetation coverage series based on a total of 349 Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv) cores from seven locations from the central–western Da Hinggan Mountains (CW–DHM), northeastern China. We found a significant relationship between tree-ring width and the regional cumulative normalized difference vegetation index (CNDVI). The correlation between the ring-width chronology and the regional June–July CNDVI (CNDVIJJ) was significant, with r = 0.68 (n = 32, p < 0.001) and an explained variance of 45.8% (44.0% after the adjustment for the loss of the degree of freedom). On this basis, we designed a transfer function to reconstruct the CNDVIJJ for the CW–DHM region from 1825 to 2013 CE (Common Era). During the last 189 years, there were 28 years with high CNDVIJJ values, and another 28 years with low values. We also observed CNDVIJJ fluctuations at the inter-annual and decadal time scales, including eight low value periods and nine high value periods. Based on our analysis, the variation in CNDVI is associated with climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), which combines both temperature and precipitation. From 1950 to 2002 CE, the CNDVI showed a noticeable decreasing trend in the CW–DHM region, whereas after 2003 CE, the CNDVI exhibited an apparent increase, which has also been observed in southern Central Siberia, eastern Mongolia and northeastern and eastern China, indicating that the CNDVI change in the CW–DHM is related to climate change in the local region and in some parts of Asia.

scholarly journals Aridity Decouples C:N:P Stoichiometry Across Multiple Trophic Levels in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Ecosystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
David J. Eldridge ◽  
Fernando T. Maestre ◽  
Victoria Ochoa ◽  
Beatriz Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry

scholarly journals Identifying appropriate sampling and modelling approaches for analysing distributional patterns of Antarctic terrestrial arthropods along the Victoria Land latitudinal gradient

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tancredi Caruso ◽  
Ian D. Hogg ◽  
Roberto Bargagli
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Modelling Techniques

AbstractBiotic communities in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are relatively simple and often lack higher trophic levels (e.g. predators); thus, it is often assumed that species’ distributions are mainly affected by abiotic factors such as climatic conditions, which change with increasing latitude, altitude and/or distance from the coast. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that factors other than geographical gradients affect the distribution of organisms with low dispersal capability such as the terrestrial arthropods. In Victoria Land (East Antarctica) the distribution of springtail (Collembola) and mite (Acari) species vary at scales that range from a few square centimetres to regional and continental. Different species show different scales of variation that relate to factors such as local geological and glaciological history, and biotic interactions, but only weakly with latitudinal/altitudinal gradients. Here, we review the relevant literature and outline more appropriate sampling designs as well as suitable modelling techniques (e.g. linear mixed models and eigenvector mapping), that will more adequately address and identify the range of factors responsible for the distribution of terrestrial arthropods in Antarctica.

scholarly journals Experimentation of grapevine cultivation in organic system, on five different Romanian vineyards

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Aurora Maria Ranca ◽  
Victoria Artem ◽  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Liliana Parcalabu ◽  
Maria Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare

In five Romanian vineyards, in 2013-2014 period was experimented organic system growing on  grape varieties for wine representative for each area, here are applied organic growing technology in parallel with the conventional (control). White varieties studied are: Chardonnay (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca), Sauvignon blanc and Muscat Ottonel(Tarnave), Feteasca regala (Tarnave, Bujoru and Copou-Iasi). Red varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon (Murfatlar and Valea Calugareasca) and Merlot (Bujoru).Concerning evolution of main climatic factors for the years 2013-2014 it is show that the annual average air temperature increase compared with the average of the years 1991-2010; is observed an increasing in mean annual temperature, mean temperature during the growing season and the value of sum of sunshine hours. The water regime was kept constant, registering values close to the annual average, both during the growing season and at entire year. The weeds spectrum is represented both by dicotyledonous as knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), Veronica (Stellaria media), news (Amaranthus retroflexus), bindweed (Convolvurus arvensis) and monocotyledonous as grass thick (Cynodon dactylon).Concerning the phytosanitary status, at Murfatlar were registered problems with oidium attack, with all main disease at Dealu Mare and with downy mildew at Bujoru. In all areas the pest has been found are: grape mouth (Lobesia botrana) and spiders (Tetranichus sp.). Schemes of treatments focused generally on substances bassed on copper and sulfur to combat diseases and for pests have been used pheromonal traps or other certified organic products.The grapes harvest was lower in organic plots with till 25%; their quality being close at both growing variants.

The role of interactions between trophic levels in determining the effects of UV-B on terrestrial ecosystems

1997 ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel D. Paul ◽  
Sharima Rasanayagam ◽  
Sandra A. Moody ◽  
Paul E. Hatcher ◽  
Peter G. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels

Multiple feedbacks due to biotic interactions across trophic levels can lead to persistent novel conditions that hinder restoration.

2020 ◽  
pp. 402-420
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Yelenik ◽  
Carla M. D'Antonio ◽  
Evan M. Rehm ◽  
Iain R. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Mesic Forest ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Abstract Unlike traditional successional theory, Alternate Stable Equilibrium (ASE) theory posits that more than one community state is possible in a single environment, depending on the order that species arrive. ASE theory is often invoked in management situations where initial stressors have been removed, but native-dominated communities are not returning to degraded areas. Fundamental to this theory is the assumption that equilibria are maintained by positive feedbacks between colonizers and their environment. While ASE has been relatively well studied in aquatic ecosystems, more complex terrestrial systems offer multiple challenges, including species interactions across trophic levels that can lead to multiple feedbacks. Here, we discuss ASE theory as it applies to terrestrial, invaded ecosystems, and detail a case study from Hawai'i that exemplifies how species interactions can favour the persistence of invaders, and how an understanding of interactions and feedbacks can be used to guide management. Our system includes intact native-dominated mesic forest and areas cleared for pasture, planted with non-native grasses, and later planted with a monoculture of a native nitrogen-fixing tree in an effort to restore forests. We discuss interactions between birds, understorey fruiting native species, understorey non-native grasses, soils and bryophytes in separate feedback mechanisms, and explain our efforts to identify which of these feedbacks is most important to address in a management context. Finally, we suggest that using models can help overcome some of the challenges that terrestrial ecosystems pose when studying ASE.

scholarly journals Effects of land use change from natural forest to plantation on C, N and natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a climate gradient in eastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbezele Junior Yannick Ngaba ◽  
Ya-Lin Hu ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Xiang-Qing Ma ◽  
Shao-Fei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract Soil C and N turnover rates and contents are strongly influenced by climates (e.g., mean annual temperature MAT, and mean annual precipitation MAP) as well as human activities. However, the effects of converting natural forests to intensively human-managed plantations on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) dynamics across various climatic zones are not well known. In this study, we evaluated C, N pool and natural abundances of δ13C and δ15N in forest floor layer and 1-meter depth mineral soils under natural forests (NF) and plantation forest (PF) at six sites in eastern China. Our results showed that forest floor had higher C contents and lower N contents in PF compared to NF, resulting in high forest floor C/N ratios and a decrease in the quality of organic materials in forest floor under plantations. In general, soil C, N contents and their isotope changed significantly in the forest floor and mineral soil after land use change (LUC). Soil δ13C was significantly enriched in forest floor after LUC while both δ13C and δ15N values were enriched in mineral soils. Linear and non-linear regressions were observed for MAP and MAT in soil C/N ratios and soil δ13C, in their changes with NF conversion to PF while soil δ15N values were positively correlated with MAT. Our findings implied that LUC alters soil C turnover and contents and MAP drive soil δ13C dynamic.

scholarly journals Declines in an abundant aquatic insect, the burrowing mayfly, across major North American waterways

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2987-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Stepanian ◽  
Sally A. Entrekin ◽  
Charlotte E. Wainwright ◽  
Djordje Mirkovic ◽  
Jennifer L. Tank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Emergence Event ◽  
Western Lake Erie

Seasonal animal movement among disparate habitats is a fundamental mechanism by which energy, nutrients, and biomass are transported across ecotones. A dramatic example of such exchange is the annual emergence of mayfly swarms from freshwater benthic habitats, but their characterization at macroscales has remained impossible. We analyzed radar observations of mayfly emergence flights to quantify long-term changes in annual biomass transport along the Upper Mississippi River and Western Lake Erie Basin. A single emergence event can produce 87.9 billion mayflies, releasing 3,078.6 tons of biomass into the airspace over several hours, but in recent years, production across both waterways has declined by over 50%. As a primary prey source in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, these declines will impact higher trophic levels and environmental nutrient cycling.

Effects of geographical and climatic factors on cystic echinococcosis in south-western Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jamshidi ◽  
A. Haniloo ◽  
A. Fazaeli ◽  
M.A. Ghatee
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Western Iran

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus that can cause serious health and economic problems in the endemic foci. CE is globally distributed in various climatic conditions from circumpolar to tropical latitudes. Iran is an important endemic area with a spectrum of weather conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of geo-climatic factors on the distribution of livestock CE in south-western Iran (SWI) in 2016 to 2018. Data of livestock CE were retrieved from veterinary organizations of four provinces of SWI. The geo-climatic factors, including mean annual temperature (MAT), minimum MAT (MinMAT), maximum MAT (MaxMAT), mean annual rainfall (MAR), elevation, mean annual evaporation (MAE), sunny hours, wind speed, mean annual humidity (MAH), slope, frost days and land cover, were analysed using geographical information systems (GIS) approaches. The statistical analysis showed that MAR, frost days, elevation, slope and semi-condensed forest land cover were positively and MAE, MAT, MaxMAT, MinMAT and salt and salinity land cover were negatively correlated with CE occurrence. MAE was shown to be a predictive factor in the stepwise linear logistic regression model. In short, the current GIS-based study found that areas with lower evaporation were the main CE risk zones, though those with lower temperature and higher rainfall, altitude and slope, especially where covered with or in close proximity of semi-condensed forest, should be prioritized for consideration by health professionals and veterinarians for conducting control programmes in SWI.

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