Morphological, physiological and yield responses of durum wheat to pre-anthesis water-deficit stress are genotype-dependent

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipei Liu ◽  
Iain R. Searle ◽  
Diane E. Mather ◽  
Amanda J. Able ◽  
Jason A. Able
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Relative Water

Durum wheat production in southern Australia is limited when water deficit occurs immediately before and during anthesis. This study was conducted to determine the effect of genotypic variation on various yield, morphological and physiological responses to pre-anthesis water-deficit stress by evaluating 20 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) genotypes over 2 years of glasshouse experiments. Grain number was the major yield component that affected yield under pre-anthesis water-deficit stress. Genotypes with less yield reduction also had less reduction in chlorophyll content, relative water content and leaf water potential, suggesting that durum genotypes tolerant of water-deficit stress maintain a higher photosynthetic rate and leaf water status. Weak to moderate positive correlations of morphological traits, including plant height and fertile tiller number, with grain number and biomass make the evaluation of high-yielding genotypes in rainfed conditions possible. Morphological traits (such as plant height and tiller number) and physiological traits (such as chlorophyll content, relative water content and leaf water potential) could therefore be considered potential indicators for indirect selection of durum wheat with water-deficit stress tolerance under Mediterranean conditions.

scholarly journals Optimizing irrigation and determining the most sensitive development stage to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Amor Slama ◽  
Leila Radhouane
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Three Stages

Rising temperatures and increasing water scarcity, which are already important issues, are expected to intensify in the near future due to global warming. Optimizing irrigation in agriculture is a challenge. Understanding the response of crop development stages to water deficit stress provides an opportunity for optimizing irrigation. Here we studied the response of two barley varieties (Rihane, Martin), to water deficit stress at three development stages (tillering, stem elongation, and heading) by measuring water status and grain yield components in a field experiment in Tunisia. The three stages were selected due to their importance in crop growth and grain development. Water deficit stress was initiated by withholding water for 21 days at the three stages with subsequent re-watering. Water deficit led to a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. In both varieties, heading was the stage most sensitive to water deficit. Leaf water potential measurements indicated that water deficit stress was more severe during heading, which to some extent may have influenced the comparison between growth stages. During heading, the number of ears per plant and weight of a thousand grains were reduced by more than 70% and 50%, respectively compared with stress at tillering. Comparison of yield components showed differences between the two barley varieties only when the water deficit was produced during the tillering stage.

scholarly journals Relationships Among Water Potential Components, Relative Water Content, and Stomatal Resistance of Field-Grown Peanut Leaves1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote ◽  
L. C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Abstract Limited data exist describing the physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to tissue water deficits. Detailed field experiments which accurately define the water status of both the plant and soil are required to better understand the effects of water stress on a peanut crop. The objectives of the present study were 1) to describe the changes in leaf water potential components during a drying cycle, and 2) to define the relationships among soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential, relative water content, leaf-air temperature differential, and leaf diffusive resistance as water stress was imposed on a peanut crop. During a 28-day drying period where both rainfall and irrigation were withheld from peanut plants, midday measurements of the physiological parameters and volumetric soil water contents were taken concurrently. As soil drying progressed, water extraction from the upper soil depths was limited as soil moisture approached 0.04 m3m-3. Leaf water potentials and leaf turgor potentials of nonirrigated plants decreased to approximately −2.0 and 0 MPa, respectively, by the end of the experimental period. Leaf water potentials declined only gradually as the average volumetric soil water content in the upper 90 cm of soil decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 m3m-3. Further reductions in soil water content caused large reductions in leaf water potential. As volumetric soil moisture content decreased slightly below 0.04 m3m-3 in the upper 90 cm, leaf relative water content dropped to 86%, leaf water potential approached −1.6 MPa and leaf turgor potential decreased to 0 MPa. Concurrently, stomatal closure resulted and leaf temperature increased above air temperature. Osmotic potentials measured at 100% relative water content were similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants, suggesting little or no osmotic regulation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strawberry F. chilocnsis and F. ×ananassa in Response to Water Stress: I. Leaf Water Potential, Relative Water Content, and Gas Exchange Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601c-601
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Leaf water potential (LWP), relative water content (RWC), gas exchange characteristics, and specific leaf weight (SLW) were measured six hours before, during, and after water stress treatment in F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa grown in growth chambers. The leaves of both species showed significantly lower LWP and RWC as water stress developed. F. ×ananassa had consistency lower LWP under stressed and nonstressed conditions than F. chiloensis. F. ×ananassa had higher RWC under nonstressed conditions, and its RWC decreased more rapidly under water stress than F. chiloensis. In comparison to F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis had significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate (A), leaf conductance (LC), and SLW, but not transpiration rate (Tr), under stressed and nonstressed conditions. LC was the most sensitive gas exchange characteristic to water stress and decreased first. Later, A and stomatal conductance were reduced under more severe water stress. A very high level of Tr was detected in F. ×ananassa under the most severe water stress and did not regain after stress recovery, suggesting a permanent damage to leaf. The Tr of F. chiloensis was affected less by water stress. Severe water stress resulted in higher SLW of both species.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on water relation traits of four soybean genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Chowdhury ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
AU Ahmed ◽  
ATM MI Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Exudation Rate

An experiment was conducted in a venyl house at the environmental stress site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during September to December 2012 to know the internal water status under drought stress in soybean genotypes, viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 (relatively stress tolerant) and BGM2026 (susceptible). Drought (water) stress reduced the leaf water potential in all the genotypes though was more negative in tolerant genotypes than in susceptible ones. The lowest leaf water potential was obtained from BARI Soybean-6 (-1.58 MPa) and the highest in BGM2026 (-1.2 MPa). Relative water content (RWC) decreased remarkably in all the genotypes and reduction was more in susceptible than tolerant genotypes. At 8.00 am, RWC of stressed plants decreased by 9.58, 9.02, 8.90 and 13.90% in the genotype Shohag,, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 at vegetative stage, respectively. Drought stress decreased the exudation rate in all the genotypes of soybean and it was 24, 27, 22 and 12 mg h-1 in the genotype Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 at vegetative stage, respectively. Leaf temperatures in drought stressed plant were higher than in well-watered plants. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 showed 4.7, 4.5 5.2 and 11.07% increase in leaf temperature due to water stress. At drought stressed treatment reduction in leaf water potential, relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity were noticed at the three growth stages in all the genotypes with a concurrent increase in leaf temperature. Genotypes BARI Soybean-6, Shohag and BD2331 showed considerably less reduction in relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity, high reduction in leaf water potential and less increase in leaf temperature during drought were considered as drought tolerant. However genotype BGM2026 showed considerably high reduction in relative water content, exudation rate and water retention capacity, low reduction in leaf water potential and high increase in leaf temperature was considered as drought susceptible.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 163-175 (2017)

scholarly journals Prediction of leaf water potential and relative water content using terahertz radiation spectroscopy

Plant Direct ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Browne ◽  
Nezih Tolga Yardimci ◽  
Christine Scoffoni ◽  
Mona Jarrahi ◽  
Lawren Sack
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Terahertz Radiation ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Relative Water

scholarly journals PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
TOHARI TOHARI ◽  
DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Relative Water

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).<br />Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah peka<br />terhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebih<br />sering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehingga<br />dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,<br />Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)<br />dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />mengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor pada<br />tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.<br />Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,<br />Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat interval<br />penyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruh<br />cekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologi<br />tanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadar<br />lengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandungan<br />air nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,<br />konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,<br />sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakin<br />lamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 hari<br />sekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan respon<br />varietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakter<br />fisiologis.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that produces<br />patchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible to<br />drought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall pattern<br />caused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it is<br />important to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.<br />Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouli<br />which produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchouli<br />alcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluate<br />the physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.<br />The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor from<br />February to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorial<br />block design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was four<br />varieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, and<br />Bio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6<br />and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiological<br />characteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpiration<br />rate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content of<br />leaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,<br />transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf water<br />potential and proline levels increased along with the increase of watering<br />intervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days watering<br />treatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have not<br />different responses to water deficit.<br />Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiological<br />characteristics</p>

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Yield and Physiological Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Irrigation and Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Azam POURMOHAMMAD ◽  
Mahmoud TOORCHI ◽  
Seyed S. ALAVIKIA ◽  
Mohammad R SHAKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Implementing appropriate breeding strategies for sunflower, alongside dependable information on heritability and gene effects upon yield and related traits under drought conditions, are all necessary. Thirty sunflower hybrids were produced by line × tester cross of six male-sterile and five restorer lines. Their hybrids were evaluated in three levels of irrigation, as follows: (1) non-stressed plots, irrigated at regular intervals (W1); (2) mild water stress (W2), irrigated from the beginning of the button stage (R4) to seed filling initiation (R6); (3) severe water stress (W3) started from the beginning of button stage (R4) to physiological maturity. Based on observations and specific methods for determination, canopy temperatures, chlorophyll index, relative water content and proline content, were studied by additive effects, under the different irrigation conditions. Canopy temperatures,chlorophyll index, relative water content, leaf water potential, proline content and yield were controlled by additive effects under mild stressed conditions. Under severe stress conditions however, canopy temperatures, leaf water potential and proline content were controlled by additive effects, while chlorophyll index and relative water content were controlled by both additive and dominant effects, as seed yield was mainly influenced by the dominant effects. The narrow sense heritability ranged from 47-97% for all traits, except for chlorophyll fluorescence. Yield correlated positively with chlorophyll index and relative water content, and negatively with canopy temperature and leaf water potential. Therefore, under drought stressed conditions in breeding programs, canopy temperatures, chlorophyll index and relative water content can be reliable criteria for the selection of tolerant genotypes with prospect to higher yields.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of Hybrid, Open Pollinated Variety and Local Maize (Zea mays L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sah ◽  
OB Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Relative Water

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of water deficit on vegetative and reproductive stages of Hybrid, Open pollinated (OPV) and Local varieties of maize. Water deficit at vegetative stage significantly reduced plant height, leaf area, shoot dry matter, root dry matter of the upper 25 cm depth, kernel number and grain yield per plant as compared to well watered plant. Water deficit at reproductive stage reduced more leaf area, kernel number and grain yield per plant than water deficit at vegetative stage. Water deficit at reproductive stage also reduced shoot dry matter, kernel size and harvest index. Leaf water potential and relative water content taken at 58 and 60 days after planting were also reduced by water deficit. The Local variety was taller with smaller kernel size and lower harvest index than Open pollinated and Hybrid varieties. There were no significant interactions among the varieties and water deficit treatments. Key words: Leaf water potential, relative water content, vegetative and reproductive stages, harvest index J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:37-42 (2005)

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