1Sl(1B) Chromosome substitution in Chinese Spring wheat promotes starch granule development and starch biosynthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Cao ◽  
Guanxing Chen ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Shoumin Zhen ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

The common wheat variety Chinese Spring (CS) chromosome substitution line CS-1Sl(1B) was used in this study, in which the 1B chromosome in CS (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) was substituted by the 1Sl from Aegilops longissima (2n = 2x = 14, SlSl). The results showed that the substitution of 1B in CS by 1Sl chromosome could significantly increase amylopectin and total starch contents. The dynamic changes in starch granules during grain development in CS and CS-1Sl(1B) demonstrated that the substitution line possessed higher amount of A-type starch granules and greater diameter of both A- and B-granules. qRT-PCR revealed that some key genes involved in starch biosynthesis, such as starch synthases (SSI, SSII and SSIII), starch branching enzymes (SBE IIa and SBE IIb) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS I), displayed higher transcript levels of mRNA expressions during grain development in CS-1Sl(1B). Our results indicate that the substituted 1Sl chromosome carries important genes that influence starch granule development and starch biosynthesis, which may be used as potential gene resources for improvement of wheat starch quality.

scholarly journals A carbohydrate-binding protein, B-GRANULE CONTENT 1, influences starch granule size distribution in a dose-dependent manner in polyploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tansy Chia ◽  
Marcella Chirico ◽  
Rob King ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Benedetta Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Dose ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
B Granules

Abstract In Triticeae endosperm (e.g. wheat and barley), starch granules have a bimodal size distribution (with A- and B-type granules) whereas in other grasses the endosperm contains starch granules with a unimodal size distribution. Here, we identify the gene, BGC1 (B-GRANULE CONTENT 1), responsible for B-type starch granule content in Aegilops and wheat. Orthologues of this gene are known to influence starch synthesis in diploids such as rice, Arabidopsis, and barley. However, using polyploid Triticeae species, we uncovered a more complex biological role for BGC1 in starch granule initiation: BGC1 represses the initiation of A-granules in early grain development but promotes the initiation of B-granules in mid grain development. We provide evidence that the influence of BGC1 on starch synthesis is dose dependent and show that three very different starch phenotypes are conditioned by the gene dose of BGC1 in polyploid wheat: normal bimodal starch granule morphology; A-granules with few or no B-granules; or polymorphous starch with few normal A- or B-granules. We conclude from this work that BGC1 participates in controlling B-type starch granule initiation in Triticeae endosperm and that its precise effect on granule size and number varies with gene dose and stage of development.

Impact of starch granule-associated channel protein on characteristic of and λ-carrageenan entrapment within wheat starch granules

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 440-448
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Bae ◽  
Jung Sun Hong ◽  
Hee-Don Choi ◽  
Young-Rok Kim ◽  
Moo-Yeol Baik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Channel Protein

CHROMOSOMES OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT CARRYING GENES FOR CROSSABILITY WITH BETZES BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

Chromosome substitution lines of the variety Hope in Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed onto Betzes barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.). Three substitution lines of Hope involving chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D gave no seed-set indicating that their counterparts in Chinese Spring were responsible for crossability with barley and that they function in complementary fashion. Other chromosomes of Hope had minor effects on crossability with barley.

scholarly journals A carbohydrate-binding protein, FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 influences the initiation of A- and B-type starch granules in wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tansy Chia ◽  
Marcella Chirico ◽  
Rob King ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Benedetta Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Floury Endosperm ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
B Granules ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractPreviously, we identified a quantitative trait locus on the group 4 chromosomes of Aegilops and bread wheat that controls B-type starch-granule content. Here, we identify a candidate gene by fine-mapping in Aegilops and confirm its function using wheat TILLING mutants. This gene is orthologous to the FLOURY ENDOSPERM 6 (FLO6) gene of rice and barley and the PTST2 gene of Arabidopsis. In Triticeae endosperm, reduction in the gene dose of functional FLO6 alleles results in reduction, or loss, of B-granules. This is due to repression of granule initiation in late-grain development, but has no deleterious impact on the synthesis of A-granules. The complete absence of functional FLO6, however, results in reduced numbers of normal A-type and B-type granules and the production of highly-abnormal granules that vary in size and shape. This polymorphous starch seen in a wheat flo6 triple mutant is similar to that observed in the barley mutant Franubet. Analysis of Franubet (fractured Nubet) starch suggests that the mutant A-granules are not fractured but compound, due to stimulation of granule initiation in plastids during early-grain development. Thus, in different situations in Triticeae, FLO6 either stimulates or represses granule initiation.

scholarly journals LATENT NONSTRUCTURAL DIFFERENTIATION AMONG HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES AT THE DIPLOID LEVEL: CHROMOSOME 6Be OF AEGILOPS LONGISSIMA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-592
Author(s):  
Rama S Kota ◽  
Patrick E McGuire ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Diploid Level

ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) of wheat homologous chromosomes from different inbred lines (heterohomologous chromosomes) is reduced relative to that between homologous chromosomes within an inbred line (euhomologous chromosomes). In order to determine if a potential for this phenomenon exists in diploid species closely related to the wheat B genome, MI chromosome pairing was investigated between euhomologous and heterohomologous 6Be (=6Se) chromosomes, each from a different population of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. et Muschl. (2n = 2x = 14) substituted for chromosome 6B of Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42). Euhomologous and heterohomologous monotelodisomics, i.e., plants with one complete chromosome 6Be and a telosome of either 6Bep or 6Beq, were constructed in the isogenic background of Chinese Spring. Pairing at MI of the Ae. longissima chromosomes was reduced in heterohomologous monotelodisomics compared to that in the corresponding euhomologous monotelodisomics. The remaining 20 pairs of Chinese Spring chromosomes paired equally well in the euhomologous and heterohomologous monotelodisomics. Thus, the cause of the reduced pairing must reside specifically in the Ae. longissima heterohomologues. In the hybrids between the Ae. longissima lines that contributed the substituted chromosomes, pairing between the heterohomologous chromosomes was normal and did not differ from that of the euhomologous chromosomes. These data provide evidence that a potential for reduced pairing between the heterohomologues is present in the diploid species, but is expressed only in the polyploid wheat genetic background. The reduction in heterohomologous chromosome pairing was greater in the p arm than in the q arm, exactly as in chromosome 6B of wheat. It is concluded that the reduced pairing between Ae. longissima heterohomologues has little to do with constitutive heterochromatin. The value of chromosome pairing as an unequivocal means of determining the origin of genomes in polyploid plants is questioned.

scholarly journals Recreating the synthesis of starch granules in yeast

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pfister ◽  
Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer ◽  
Ana Diaz ◽  
Kuanjen Lu ◽  
Caroline Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Model System ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Complete Set

Starch, as the major nutritional component of our staple crops and a feedstock for industry, is a vital plant product. It is composed of glucose polymers that form massive semi-crystalline granules. Its precise structure and composition determine its functionality and thus applications; however, there is no versatile model system allowing the relationships between the biosynthetic apparatus, glucan structure and properties to be explored. Here, we expressed the core Arabidopsis starch-biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae purged of its endogenous glycogen-metabolic enzymes. Systematic variation of the set of biosynthetic enzymes illustrated how each affects glucan structure and solubility. Expression of the complete set resulted in dense, insoluble granules with a starch-like semi-crystalline organization, demonstrating that this system indeed simulates starch biosynthesis. Thus, the yeast system has the potential to accelerate starch research and help create a holistic understanding of starch granule biosynthesis, providing a basis for the targeted biotechnological improvement of crops.

Starch granule size distribution in wheat grain in relation to shading after anthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. LI ◽  
S. YAN ◽  
Y. YIN ◽  
Z. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Starch Granules

SUMMARYGranule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that may affect the functionality of wheat products. Light intensity is one of the main factors affecting grain yield and quality. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were grown under shade to evaluate the effect of low light intensity after anthesis on starch granule size distribution and starch components in wheat grains at maturity. Shading caused a marked drop in both grain yield and starch yield and led to a significant reduction in the proportion (both by volume and by surface area) of B-type starch granules (⩽9·9 μm), with an increase in those of A-type starch granules (>9·9 μm). This would suggest that the production of B-type starch granules was more sensitive to shading than that of A-type starch granules. It was also found that the proportion by volume of A-type starch granules was significantly increased and that of B-type starch granules was significantly decreased by shading at different grain filling stages, especially at middle and late grain-filling stages. However, shading had little effect on the proportional number of B-type starch granules. The present results suggested that, under dim light conditions, the limited substrate for starch accumulation was mainly partitioned towards hypertrophy (larger granules) not hyperplasia (more) of starch granules.

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