Management strategies for chicory (Cichorium intybus) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata): impact on dry matter yield, nutritive characteristics and plant density

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Nivonne R. Hemmingson ◽  
Elena M. K. Minnee ◽  
Cameron E. F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Impact

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are able to grow a large amount of high-quality summer feed. Limited information is available on the effect of grazing management on plantain, and no comparison been undertaken of modern chicory and plantain cultivars used in dairy production systems. This study determined the effect of defoliation interval (as determined by the extended leaf height, ELH) and residual height on the yield, nutritive characteristics and plant density of chicory and plantain over 18 months. Chicory leaf yield was reduced in swards defoliated at 150 mm ELH compared with those defoliated at 250, 350 or 550 mm (14.3 v. 17.5 t DM ha–1), and chicory stem yield was least in swards defoliated at 150 or 250 mm. Plantain swards defoliated at 350 or 450 mm ELH yielded more leaf than those defoliated at 150 or 250 mm (20.4 v. 16.7 t DM ha–1); however, stem yield also increased with increasing defoliation interval. Over all seasons, as defoliation interval increased, generally, neutral detergent fibre content increased and crude protein, ash and digestibility declined. Residual height had less of an effect on yield and nutritive characteristics than did defoliation interval. To maximise chicory leaf growth while minimising growth of lower quality stem, the optimal ELH over 18 months was 250 mm, or if the chicory was used only as a 9-month ‘summer’ crop, 350 mm. Recommendations for plantain are not as simple because longer defoliation intervals increase both leaf and stem yield and reduce nutritive value. Defoliating plantain swards at 250 mm ELH appeared to provide a balance between yield and nutritive value; however, further work is required to determine the impact of applying these recommendations on a dairy farm system.

Crop stubbles are as important for sheep production as annual pastures in the Victorian Mallee

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Impact

The impact of different management strategies on production and profit can be evaluated with knowledge of how sheep production responds to changes in the available feed base and sheep or pasture management. This study aimed to quantify on-farm pasture and sheep production in mixed sheep and cropping systems in the Victorian Mallee of south-eastern Australia (325 ± 50 mm annual rainfall) as a prelude to computer simulation modelling. During 2001 (average rainfall) and 2002 (extreme drought) pasture production, the feed base and sheep production were monitored in 15 paddocks on 5 properties located across the region. Crop stubbles were the major source of feed for 6 months of the year, enabling ewes to maintain liveweight. There was more variation in pasture parameters between paddocks at the 1 location than between locations. The botanical composition, plant density, soil fertility and management were key variables associated with between-paddock variation in pasture production. Variation in pasture production between years was larger than within-year differences. In contrast, stocking rates were not much lower in the drought year of 2002 than in 2001. This study suggests there is potential for management to improve pasture production, and demonstrates the importance of feed sources other than annual pasture for sheep production in environments where the annual pasture growing season is short.

scholarly journals Mineral composition and nutritive value of some common pasture weeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
A. Thatcher ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Californian Thistle

Organic dairy farmers often introduce alternative pasture species such as chicory (Cichorium intybus) and narrowleaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) to their swards because of their higher mineral contents yet they are concerned about the presence of weed species such as docks (Rumex spp) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) The mineral content and nutritive value of both desired and less desired pasture components from an organic dairy farm were analysed and compared Minerals such as magnesium manganese copper zinc boron cobalt and selenium were often significantly higher in species such as chicory narrowleaved plantain dandelion broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) and hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous) than the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) components of the sward Likewise the crude protein levels of these species plus Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) were significantly higher than for perennial ryegrass Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of animal nutrition and health

scholarly journals A review of the use of chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Cranston ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
S.T. Morris ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Clover Pasture

Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3-4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, legume, perennial, nutritive value.

Nutritive value of bamboo as browse for livestock

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Halvorson ◽  
K.A. Cassida ◽  
K.E. Turner ◽  
D.P. Belesky
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Bamboo Leaves

AbstractSmall farms in Appalachia need management options that diversify income opportunities, are adaptable to new livestock management strategies, and help maintain environmental integrity. Plantings of temperate bamboo (Poaceae), including species native to West Virginia, were established to determine the potential nutritive value for small ruminants, such as goats (Capra hircus), at different times of the year. The bamboo species we evaluated, included several Phyllostachys spp., Semiarundiaria fastuosa and Arundinaria gigantea, were able to withstand Appalachian winter temperatures and retain some green leaves even in late winter. Although small differences were evident, the nutritive value was generally comparable among species and exhibited similar trends over the season. Total non-structural carbohydrates in bamboo leaves decreased throughout the growing season, and then remained stable or increased during winter. Conversely, crude protein was relatively low in young leaves compared to late season or over-wintered leaves. Concentrations of fiber and protein were sufficient to meet the maintenance needs of adult goats. The ability of bamboo to remain green and maintain the nutritive value throughout winter suggested that it has potential as winter forage for goats in central Appalachia. As an upright browse, bamboo may reduce the exposure of goats to gastrointestinal parasites. Perennial stands of temperate bamboo could prove to be a valuable, multiple-use crop suitable for Appalachian farm operations and easily adaptable to goat production systems.

scholarly journals Reproductive Management of the Male Goat: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Cadena-Villegas ◽  
José A. Hernández-Marín ◽  
Jaime Gallegos-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos G. Germán- Alarcón ◽  
Ponciano Pérez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To describe the factors affecting male goat (buck) reproduction and the selection and management strategies to improve their reproductive efficiency. Design/Methodology/Approach: By reviewing published information, the main factors that affect the reproductive capacity of bucks and some management strategies for their reduction were described. Emphasis was on the evaluation of seminal quality, libido, and the selection of sires to be used in the herd. Results: Proper sire diet reduces age at puberty and improves testicular and seminal characteristics, as well as sexual behavior. The effect of seasonality can be improved by using melatonin implants and adequate nutrition. Study Limitations/Implications: In goat production systems, bucks are important for the production of quality livestock and the products and byproducts from this species. Understanding the impact of environmental factors such as nutrition, seasonality, and physiological processes on the reproductive capacity of bucks promotes the establishment of management strategies to better understand what is important when selecting sires as sperm donors to improve product quality and to obtain greater herd production. Findings/Conclusions: Adequate sire nutrition improves herd fertility. Seasonal reproduction affects the reproductive capacity of sires as sperm donors, yet there are management alternatives to reduce such seasonal effects on their reproductive performance.

The influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer application on oat yield and quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Mohr ◽  
C A Grant ◽  
W E May ◽  
F C Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Available N ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Western Canada has become one of the key production areas for oat (Avena sativa L.) in North America. Limited information is available regarding fertilizer management strategies to optimize yield and quality in this environment. An experiment was conducted at two locations in southern Manitoba in 2000, 2001 and 2002 to assess the impact of factorial combinations of N (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1 as urea), P (0, 13, 26 kg P ha-1 as monoammonium phosphate), and KCl (0, 33 kg K ha-1) on the growth, yield and quality of AC Assiniboia oat. Low to moderate N rates significantly increased yield, with optimum relative yield achieved with a plant-available N supply of approximately 100 kg N ha-1. Increasing N rate also increased lodging and reduced test weight, kernel weight and kernel plumpness, suggesting that optimal N management must balance yield improvement against reductions in grain quality. Phosphorus application increased yield in 2 of 6 site-years, but had no overall effect on quality. Application of KCl resulted in small increases in yield (88 kg ha-1), kernel weight and kernel plumpness on moderate to high K soils, which were not likely to provide a significant economic benefit. The lack of consistent interactions among N, P, and KCl suggests that these nutrients may be managed individually. Key words: Oat, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium chloride, yield, quality

scholarly journals Design, Development and Testing of Feeding Grippers for Vegetable Plug Transplanters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680
Author(s):  
Oliver Jonas Jorg ◽  
Mino Sportelli ◽  
Marco Fontanelli ◽  
Christian Frasconi ◽  
Michele Raffaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Average Success Rate ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable transplanting is an important and advantageous practice in vegetables production systems. In recent years, the development of vegetable transplanting tools has increased, as well as the interest for automatic and robotic transplanters. However, at present, the feeding of transplanting machines is often still performed by hand. This paper presents the design, development and testing of a needle gripper and a two-finger gripper for vegetable transplanting. Both grippers were self-designed and tested for picking, lifting and transplanting plug seedlings. Tests have been conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.), leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings to determine the impact that gripper typology might have on the further growth of plants after transplanting. The average success rate of the two-finger gripper in the transplanting experiment was 95% and of the needle gripper 81.75%, respectively. Although neither gripper typology affected the growth of the seedlings after transplanting, several design implications were identified in order to improve the performance of both grippers. Furthermore, the two-finger gripper is more reliable for lettuce and chicory, while the needle gripper requires root plugs with higher firmness and cohesion to prevent shattering.

Patterns in non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) during regrowth in summer

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Elena M. K. Minnee ◽  
Cameron E. F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management Effect

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are capable of producing a large amount of high quality feed during summer. Like many species, grazing management decisions influence their dry matter (DM) production. One of the factors implicated in the grazing-management effect on yield of other forages are plant non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) or nitrogen (N) reserves. The aim of this experiment was to characterise the patterns of NSC and N reserve depletion and replenishment for chicory and plantain during a 35-day regrowth cycle in summer, and investigate the impact of residual height on NSC and N reserves. In chicory roots, the NSC concentration tended (P = 0.09) to decline for 7 days post-defoliation before replenishment began and pre-defoliation concentrations were attained by Day 21 of regrowth (310 growing degree-days; GDD). Similarly, the amount of NSC in plantain roots declined for 14 days post-defoliation (P < 0.001), increasing again from Day 21 and with full replenishment to pre-defoliation levels by Day 35 of regrowth (532 GDD). The two residual heights tested (30 and 60 mm) had minimal impact on NSC reserves during regrowth in either chicory or plantain, likely because the majority of NSC reserves are stored in the roots rather than the stubble. In other plant species, a failure to replenish NSC reserves before the next defoliation is one factor associated with reduced DM production. This also appears to be the case with chicory and plantain, with reductions in DM production occurring if swards are defoliated during NSC mobilisation or the early stages of replenishment (i.e. before 21 days of regrowth or 310 GDD in chicory and 35 days of regrowth or 532 GDD in plantain).

Addressing on-farm management to enhance pasture productivity and persistence

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
W.N. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Attention To Detail

Following the 2007/08 drought, we experienced poor pasture production and persistence on our dairy farm in north Waikato, leading to decreased milksolids production and a greater reliance on bought-in feed. It is estimated that the cost of this to our farming operation was about $1300 per hectare per year in lost operating profit. While climate and black beetle were factors, they did not explain everything, and other factors were also involved. In the last 3 years we have changed our management strategies to better withstand dry summers, the catalyst for which was becoming the DairyNZ Pasture Improvement Focus Farm for the north Waikato. The major changes we made were to reduce stocking rate, actively manage pastures in summer to reduce over-grazing, and pay more attention to detail in our pasture renewal programme. To date the result has been a reduced need for pasture renewal, a lift in whole farm performance and increased profitability. Keywords: Focus farm, over-grazing, pasture management, pasture persistence, profitability

Simulation of the Impact of Higher Ammonia Recycle Loads Caused by Upgrading Anaerobic Sludge Digesters

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T. Kraemer ◽  
David M. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Upgrading conventional single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion to an advanced digestion technology can increase sludge stability, reduce pathogen content, increase biogas production, and also increase ammonia concentrations recycled back to the liquid treatment train. Limited information is available to assess whether the higher ammonia recycle loads from an anaerobic sludge digestion upgrade would lead to higher discharge effluent ammonia concentrations. Biowin, a commercially available wastewater treatment plant simulation package, was used to predict the effects of anaerobic digestion upgrades on the liquid train performance, especially effluent ammonia concentrations. A factorial analysis indicated that the influent total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and influent alkalinity each had a 50-fold larger influence on the effluent NH3 concentration than either the ambient temperature, liquid train SRT or anaerobic digestion efficiency. Dynamic simulations indicated that the diurnal variation in effluent NH3 concentration was 9 times higher than the increase due to higher digester VSR. Higher recycle NH3 loads caused by upgrades to advanced digestion techniques can likely be adequately managed by scheduling dewatering to coincide with periods of low influent TKN load and ensuring sufficient alkalinity for nitrification.

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