scholarly journals Genetic approaches to enhancing phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE) in crops: challenges and directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Bovill ◽  
Chun Y. Huang ◽  
Glenn K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Many soils have intrinsically low concentrations of available phosphorus (P), which is a major limitation to crop and pasture growth. Regular applications of P have underpinned agricultural productivity internationally, and fertiliser use now constitutes one of the largest variable input costs to farming. Globally, high-quality reserves of P are being depleted and price increases are likely in the future. In addition, the effects of P pollution on water quality are attracting legislative regulation. Hence, there is a need to improve P-use efficiency (PUE) in farming systems. Progress in improving PUE has been limited for several reasons, including: inconsistent definitions of PUE, inappropriate phenotyping, incomplete understanding of the controls of P uptake, lack of field validation, and little consideration of genotype × environment interactions that affect the expression of PUE. With greater consideration of these limitations, the powerful array of molecular and genomic tools currently available promises considerable advances in developing more P-efficient crops. Stronger interaction between molecular science and the traditional disciplines of plant breeding, crop physiology, soil science, and agronomy will allow new opportunities to study genetic differences in PUE, bringing P-efficient crops closer to reality.

Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
D. C. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Removal

Selles, F., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Curtin, D., James, D. C. and Basnyat, P. 2011. Phosphorus use efficiency and long-term trends in soil available phosphorus in wheat production systems with and without nitrogen fertilizer. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 39–52. Efficient use of phosphorus (P) in crop production is important for economic and environmental reasons, and to prolong the life of a limited resource. Short-term studies often show low recovery of fertilizer P, but P use efficiency may be underestimated because the value of residual P in the soil is ignored. Our objective was to determine fertilizer P use efficiency in two wheat production systems [continuous wheat (CW) and a 3-yr rotation of summer fallow-wheat-wheat (FWW)] using data from a 39-yr study (1967–2005) at Swift Current, SK. Each rotation received either P only (P) or nitrogen plus P (NP) fertilizer. Annual grain P removal was monitored (all straw was returned to the soil) and changes in soil available P (0- to 15-cm layer) were measured by the Olsen bicarbonate method. In 1993, subplots which received no additional P were established to evaluate the residual effect of P fertilizer applied in the preceding 27 yr. Where P was applied each year, grain P removal averaged 54 to 78% of fertilizer P, with values as high as 65 to 109% in 1994 to 2005, the period of lowest water deficit. The P-only treatments removed 13% less P in grain, on average, than NP treatments. In the P-nly systems, Olsen P content increased linearly with time, but in the NP systems it reached a maximum after 20–22 yr and then stabilized. The cumulative P balance (fertilizer P minus P removed in grain) accounted for 60% of the variability in Olsen P accumulation over the course of the experiment. In CW, Olsen P content increased by 0.15 kg ha−1 for each kg ha−1 of P added in excess of crop removal. The rate of Olsen P accumulation was greater (0.20 kg ha−1 for each kg ha−1 of excess fertilizer P) in the FWW rotation possibly due to P mineralization during the summer fallow year. When P was withheld between 1994 and 2005, total grain production in the CW rotation was reduced slightly (by 10%), but there was no significant effect on FWW. Crop P removal (1967–2005) where P was withheld in the final 12 yr was equivalent to 105 and 90% of fertilizer P added to the NP and P-only systems, respectively. We concluded that residual P in prairie soils is retained in forms that are available to plants; wheat crops may therefore recover close to 100% of applied fertilizer P given sufficient time.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer with Tithonia Biomass Improves Grain Yield and Agronomic Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Hybrid Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Endris
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low soil phosphorous level is among several constraints limiting crop productivity in southwestern Ethiopia. The dominant soil types in the region are acidic nitosols that are low in plant-available phosphorus. Most farmers cultivate maize with minimal external inputs and hence result in suboptimal yield levels. The effect of applying Tithonia biomass and phosphorus fertilizer on the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus and yield of maize was therefore investigated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) biomass and Triple Superphosphate (TSP) were used as organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus, respectively. Significant treatment differences (P<0.01) were observed for most of the parameters studied including agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity (PFP), and grain yield. Agronomic phosphorus use efficiency increased from 26.3 at the sole TSP to 163 at treatment 7, a staggering 520% increment when combined with Tithonia biomass. Similarly, PFP of phosphorus increased from 169.1 to 324.8. At the same time, 53% increment of the grain yield was recorded over the control. Although applying the highest Tithonia biomass alone gave the highest grain yield, application of just 50% of the highest rate of Tithonia biomass and TSP looks more appealing to smallholder maize producers in the region. The result therefore indicated that Tithonia biomass could be utilized in smallholder maize production system as a source of plant nutrients such as phosphorus; it also emphasized the need to allot more resources and attention in exploring locally available and cheap sources of plant nutrients which could augment crop productivity amid the mounting financial challenges faced by farmers in the region.

scholarly journals Intercropping legumes and cereals increases phosphorus use efficiency; a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Tang ◽  
Chaochun Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jianbo Shen ◽  
Wopke van der Werf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Aims Intercropping cereals with legumes may achieve high crop yields at reduced input levels. Several studies have indicated that intercropping increases phosphorus use efficiency but no overarching analysis exists on the role of species traits and input levels. Here we synthesize the available information on P use efficiency in cereal/legume intercropping. Methods Global data on yields, P uptake and nutrient input in cereal/legume mixtures were extracted from the literature and statistically analyzed. Co-variables explaining P uptake efficiency and yield were considered. Results P uptake was substantially increased with an average value of LERP, the land equivalent ratio for P uptake, of 1.24, and an average NEP (observed P uptake minus expected P uptake) of 3.67 kg P ha−1. The conversion efficiency of P uptake to biomass decreased with P uptake and was lower in intercrops than in sole crops but the conversion efficiency to yield was not affected by intercropping. The P fertilizer requirement was 21% lower in intercrops than in sole crops for the same yields. Conclusions Substantial improvements in land use efficiency and P uptake are obtained by cereal/legume intercropping. Cereal/legume intercropping has therefore potential to increase P fertilizer use efficiency in agriculture.

scholarly journals Genetics of phosphorus use efficiency in a MAGIC wheat population grown in the field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton P. Wasson ◽  
Alexander B. Zwart ◽  
Arunas P. Verbyla ◽  
Gilbert Permalloo ◽  
Chandrakumara Weligama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
Magic Population

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient and regular applications are essential in most farming systems to maintain high yields. Yet the P fertilizers applied to crops and pastures are derived from non-renewable resources. It is therefore important to find agronomic and genetic strategies for using this resource efficiently, especially since only a proportion of the applied P is absorbed by crops. The aim of this study was to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for P use efficiency (PUE) in wheat using a Multiparent Advanced Generation InterCross (MAGIC) population grown in the field. The 357 genotypes were arranged in paired plots with and without P fertilization. Yield and biomass were measured and PUE was calculated as either the performance of the genotype relative to the average response to fertilization, or the performance of the genotype relative to the average resilience in the absence of fertilization. Five trials were conducted over three years in Australia at three sites with contrasting clay and sandy soil types.Genotypic variation for response and resilience were identified in all trials with moderate to strong correlation with productivity with and without P between trials. Multiparent Whole Genome Average Interval Mapping (WGAIM) QTL analyses were conducted on the four traits (Biomass / Yield × P Response / Resilience) across the five trials and identified 130 QTL in total. QTL within 10 cM of each other were clustered into 56 groups that were likely to represent identical or linked loci. Of the clusters 27 (48%) contained only a single QTL but 17 (31%) contained 3 or more in different trials or traits. This suggests multiple biological mechanisms driving PUE in different environments. Eight of the 56 groups collocated with QTL for seedling root hair length identified in the same MAGIC population in an earlier study.HighlightIdentification of genetic loci for phosphorus use efficiency in a multigenic population of Australian wheats grown on contrasting soils.

scholarly journals Sorghum Root Epigenetic Landscape During Limiting Phosphorus Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Gladman ◽  
Barbara Hufnagel ◽  
Michael Regulski ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Tissue Specific

Efficient acquisition and use of available phosphorus from the soil is crucial for plant growth, development, and yield. With an ever-increasing acreage of croplands with suboptimal available soil phosphorus, genetic improvement of sorghum germplasm for enhanced phosphorus acquisition from soil is crucial to increasing agricultural output and reducing inputs, while confronted with a growing world population and uncertain climate. Sorghum bicolor is a globally important commodity for food, fodder, and forage. Known for robust tolerance to heat, drought, and other abiotic stresses, its capacity for optimal phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is still being investigated for optimized root system architectures (RSA). Whilst a few RSA-influencing genes have been identified in sorghum and other grasses, the epigenetic impact on expression and tissue-specific activation of candidate PUE genes remains elusive. Here, we present transcriptomic, epigenetic, and regulatory network profiling of RSA modulation in the BTx623 sorghum background in response to limiting phosphorus (LP) conditions. We show that during LP, sorghum RSA is remodeled to increase root length and surface area, likely enhancing its ability to acquire P. Global DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation levels decrease in response to LP, while H3K4me3 peaks and DNA hypomethylated regions contain recognition motifs of numerous developmental and nutrient responsive transcription factors that display disparate expression patterns between different root tissues (primary root apex, elongation zone, and lateral root apex). Suggesting that epigenetic shifts during growth on LP results in targeted gene expression in a tissue-specific manner that optimizes the RSA for improved P uptake.

Responses to phosphorus among wheat genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McDonald ◽  
William Bovill ◽  
Julian Taylor ◽  
Robert Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

Phosphorus (P) recovery and P-use efficiency (PUE) by wheat are low, and genetic improvement in PUE is a potential means of improving the effectiveness of P in farming systems. We examined variation in response to P in wheat to identify genotypes that showed consistent responsiveness to P fertiliser in the field and which may be the target of future studies, and examined differences in P uptake and partitioning. The response to P was studied among a diverse set of bread wheat germplasm at three sites in South Australia between 2009 and 2012. Up to 53 varieties and breeding lines were grown at two rates of P, 0 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha. Grain yield at 0 kg P/ha and response to P varied independently among genotypes. There were large effects of site and season on the response to P, but some genotypes showed consistently low and others high response to P. Analysis of a subset of lines revealed large responses in vegetative growth to P but the response diminished as crops matured, and variation in early vegetative growth was unrelated to the responses in biomass at maturity or grain yield. Genotypic variation in grain yield was more strongly related to variation in P utilisation efficiency than to variation in P uptake among wheat genotypes, which was associated with differences in P harvest index (PHI). Although breeding has improved yield, there has been no significant genetic gain in total P uptake; rather, improvements in PUE have been associated with an increase in P utilisation efficiency and PHI.

Strategies and agronomic interventions to improve the phosphorus-use efficiency of farming systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 349 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Astrid Oberson ◽  
Richard A. Culvenor ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Erik J. Veneklaas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Biochemical Composition and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some Mixtures

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliana Vasileva ◽  
Anna Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria: birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birdsfoot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes.

Molecular control and genetic improvement of phosphorus use efficiency in rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuju He ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Zhili Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Use Efficiency
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