Recovery dynamics of rainfed winter wheat after livestock grazing 1. Growth rates, grain yields, soil water use and water-use efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Harrison ◽  
John R. Evans ◽  
Hugh Dove ◽  
Andrew D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Recovery Dynamics ◽  
Yield Responses

Detailed information on the growth dynamics, yield responses and soil water use of dual-purpose cereal crops after grazing is often required to devise guidelines for profitable grazing management. To increase the availability of such data, grazing experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were conducted near Canberra, Australia. In 2007, cultivar Mackellar was grazed at low-short (LS, 33 sheep/ha for 31 days), heavy-short (HS, 67 sheep/ha for 31 days) or low-long (LL, 33 sheep/ha for 62 days) intensity-durations. In 2008, cultivars Mackellar and Naparoo were grazed at the HS intensity-duration. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of ungrazed Mackellar crops averaged 1181 g/m2. LS and HS grazing did not affect ANPP in 2007, but LL grazing in 2007 and HS grazing in 2008 treatments reduced ANPP by 20% (which included biomass removed by livestock). Average grain yield (381 g/m2) was not significantly affected by grazing. Grazing increased the proportion of water lost through soil evaporation but decreased transpiration, reducing shoot dry matter production per unit evapotranspiration by up to 22%. However, grazing did not affect grain yield per unit evapotranspiration. For rainfed wheat crops grown in temperate environments, greater biomass production occurred with shorter rather than longer grazing durations, irrespective of grazing intensities.

Soil water use, biomass accumulation and grain yield of no-till winter wheat on the Canadian prairies

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Higher water use efficiency provides no-till-seeded winter wheat with an advantage over spring-sown crops in western Canada. However, like all crops, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is subject to large yield losses due to drought. This study was undertaken to identify the effect of weather and crop soil water status on water use, aboveground biomass production and grain yield of no-till winter wheat grown on the Canadian prairies. Five winter wheat cultivars were grown over a 3-yr period at a total of 17 sites scattered across the different climatic zones of Saskatchewan. Both the establishment and expression of grain yield potential were limited by drought in these dryland environments. Early-season moisture was required to set up a high grain yield potential while low ET and high precipitation during grain filling were necessary to secure yield. Rapid growth under cool temperatures during April and early May consumed much of the available water in the top 50-cm of the soil profile and large ET deficits, as a consequence of a continuous decline in available water, characterized drought stress in most trials. While stored soil water at greenup was not sufficient to support a crop, there was growing season rainfall at all trial sites and improvements in water availability led to higher grain yields and an increased range in mean environmental grain yield. Rainfall had its greatest influence on grain yield during tillering, while atmospheric conditions and soil water content were more important from heading to anthesis. Because environmental differences in drought stress were related to the volume and distribution of growing season precipitation, some dryland environments were exposed to intermittent stress while stress was terminal in others. Therefore, to be successful, winter wheat cultivars and management systems for the Canadian prairies must be able to accommodate variable patterns of growing season water availability. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., evapotranspiration, precipitation, water use, biomass, grain yield

INFLUENCE OF CROP WATER ENVIRONMENT AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION ON GRAIN YIELD OF NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. ENTZ ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

The influence of crop water environment on the productivity of no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was observed for 17 site-years of trials in Saskatchewan between 1984 and 1986. Growing season precipitation (P) averaged 212 mm (approximately 120% of average) and pan evaporation (E) averaged 749 mm for these trials. Precipitation was approximately evenly distributed across the growing season while E increased from a low of 6.5 mm d−1 in early May to a high of 8.3 mm d−1 immediately after anthesis. Consequently, water stress was highest after anthesis. Total evapotranspiration (ET) (soil water use to 130 cm plus growing season P) ranged from 171 to 364 mm and approximately 20% of the ET was derived from soil water reserves. The average ratio of ET before and after anthesis was 1:7:1 and in many instances water utilized after anthesis was almost exclusively derived from intermittent rainfall events. Several yield-water models were fit to the data in order to establish a relationship between the crop water environment and grain yield. Yields ranged from 1316 to 5003 kg ha−1 and were most closely associated with the water environment (soil water, E and P) during the time from stem elongation to anthesis (r2 = 0.71). Water use efficiency, expressed as kg ha−1 grain yield divided by ET, ranged from 6.3 to 18.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 and was positively correlated with spikes m−2 (r = 0.59*), kernel weight (r = 0.73**), dry matter at anthesis (r = 0.84**), and negatively correlated with E during the 30 days prior to anthesis (r = 0.75**). Both dry matter at anthesis and dry matter at maturity were linearly correlated with grain yield (r = 0.85** and 0.92**, respectively). Both observations suggested that high grain yields required high dry matter yields.Key words: Wheat (winter), precipitation, evaporation, soil water, water use efficiency, models

scholarly journals Soil water consumption, water use efficiency and winter wheat production in response to nitrogen fertilizer and tillage

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8892
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Sumera Anwar ◽  
Yu Shaobo ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Consumption

Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on improving soil water stored during fallow and its efficient use. A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Loess Plateau to access the effect of tillage and N (nitrogen) rates on soil water, N distribution and water- and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat. Deep tillage (DT, 25–30 cm depth) and no-tillage (NT) were operated during fallow season, whereas four N rates (0, 90, 150 and 210 kg ha−1) were applied before sowing. Rates of N and variable rainfall during summer fallow period led to the difference of soil water storage. Soil water storage at anthesis and maturity was decreased with increasing N rate especially in the year with high precipitation (2014–2015). DT has increased the soil water storage at sowing, N content, numbers of spike, grain number, 1,000 grain weight, grain yield, and water and N use efficiency as compared to NT. Grain yield was significantly and positively related to soil water consumption at sowing to anthesis and anthesis to maturity, total plant N, and water-use efficiency. Our study implies that optimum N rate and deep tillage during the fallow season could improve dryland wheat production by balancing the water consumption and biomass production.

Water use by winter wheat as affected by soil management

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goss ◽  
K. R. Howse ◽  
Judith M. Vaughan-Williams ◽  
M. A. Ward ◽  
W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Potential Yield

SummaryIn each of the years from September 1977 to July 1982 winter wheat was grown on one or more of three clay soil sites (clay content 35–55%) in Oxfordshire where the climate is close to the average for the area of England growing winter cereals.The effects on crop water use of different soil management practices, including ploughing, direct drilling and subsoil drainage, are compared. Cultivation treatment had little effect on the maximum depth of water extraction, which on average in these clay soils was 1·54 m below the soil surface. Maximum soil water deficit was also little affected by cultivation; the maximum recorded value was 186±7·6 mm. Subsoil drainage increased the maximum depth of water extraction by approximately 15 cm and the maximum soil water deficit by about 17 mm.Generally soil management had little effect on either total water use by the crop which was found to be close to the potential evaporation estimated by the method of Penman, or water use efficiency which for these crops was about 52 kg/ha par mm water used.Results are discussed in relation to limitations to potential yield.

scholarly journals Double-Double Row Planting Mode at Deficit Irrigation Regime Increases Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Xun Bo Zhou ◽  
Guo Yun Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Hai Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low water availability coupled with poor planting method has posed a great challenge to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. To improve productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) under deficit irrigation, an effective water-saving technology that is characterized by three planting modes has been developed (uniform with 30-cm row spacing (U), double-double row spacing of 5 cm (DD), and furrow-ridge row spacing of alternated 20 cm and 40 cm (F)) combined with three irrigation regimes (50 mm water each at growth stage 34 (GS34) and GS48 (W1), and 100 mm water at GS48 (W2), or 100 mm each water at GS34 and GS48 (W3)). Results showed that DD increased yield by 9.7% and WUE by 12.6% due to higher soil water status and less soil water depletion and evapotranspiration compared with U. Although the soil water status, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration, and yield increased with increasing irrigation amount, more soil water depletion and evapotranspiration resulted in low WUE. The deficit irrigation was beneficial for improving WUE as W1 had significantly increased yield by 5.4% and WUE by 7.1% compared with W2. Yield and evapotranspiration showed a quadratic dynamic equation indicating that yield increased with increasing evapotranspiration. Considering WUE and relatively higher yield under deficit water, W1 combined with DD is suggested to be a good management strategy to be applied in winter wheat of water-scarce regions.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging, Drought and Their Combination on Yield and Water-Use Efficiency of Five Hungarian Winter Wheat Varieties

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Angéla Anda ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
Balázs Varga
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The effects of simulated waterlogging, drought stress and their combination were examined in a model experiment in Martonvásár, Hungary, in 2018. Four modern winter wheat varieties (‘Mv Toborzó’ (TOB), ‘Mv Mambó’ (MAM), ‘Mv Karizma’ (KAR), ‘Mv Pálma’ (PAL)) and one old Hungarian winter wheat cultivar (‘Bánkúti 1201’ (BKT)) were tested. Apart from the control treatment (C), the plants were exposed to two different abiotic stresses. To simulate waterlogging (WL), plants were flooded at four leaf stage, while in the WL + D treatment, they were stressed both by waterlogging and by simulated drought stress at the early stage of plant development and at the heading stage, respectively. The waterlogging treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plant biomass (BKT, TOB), number of spikes (TOB), grain yield (BKT, TOB), water use (BTK) and water-use efficiency (TOB, MAM, PAL) compared to the controls. The combined treatment (WL + D) led to a significant decrease in plant height (BTK, MAM, KAR), number of spikes (BTK, TOB, MAM, KAR), thousand kernel weight (TOB), harvest index (BTK), biomass, grain yield, water-use efficiency (in all varieties) and water use (BKT, TOB, MAM, KAR) of the plants. The best water-use efficiency was observed for MAM; therefore, this genotype could be recommended for cultivation at stress prone areas. The varieties MAM, KAR and PAL also showed good adaptability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document