Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. I. Phenological adaptation of genotypes to sowing date

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Gaynor ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates

Serial sowing date studies were used to examine the response of a diverse range of soybean genotypes to sowing date in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA). The aim was to explore the scope to improve the flexibility for rotating irrigated summer soybean crops with winter cereals by broadening the range of potential sowing dates. Serial sowings of diverse genotypes were made in small plots at intervals of ~7 days (2006–07) or 10 days (2007–08) from late November to late January (2006–07) or mid-February (2007–08) and the dates of flowering and maturity recorded. Simple linear models relating rate of development towards flowering to photo-thermal variables indicated that large differences in time to flowering between genotypes, sowing dates, and years could be explained in terms of differences in genotype sensitivity to mean photoperiod and/or mean daily temperature between sowing and flowering. In general, warmer temperatures hastened and longer days delayed flowering, consistent with quantitative short-day photoperiodic response. The earliest flowering genotypes were insensitive to the prevailing photoperiods, and their smaller variations in time to flower over sowing dates and years were related to temperature. Conversely, later flowering genotypes were progressively more sensitive to photoperiod, with flowering occurring later and being more responsive to sowing date. In both seasons, late maturing genotype × sowing date combinations suffered cold temperature damage and frosting. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that were physiologically mature before the first frost, crop duration was a linear function (r2 = 0.86**) of time to flowering. In 2007–08, measurements were also made at maturity of total standing dry matter (TDM), seed yield, and seed size. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that matured before the first frost, TDM was largely a linear function (r2 = 0.83**) of crop duration, while seed yield was strongly related (r2 = 0.86**) to TDM. Exposure to cold temperatures before physiological maturity reduced seed size and harvest index. Using the generalised relations developed in these studies, it was concluded that commercial yields may be possible for irrigated soybean crops in the MIA sown in December or possibly later. These options are evaluated in greater detail in the companion paper, using large-scale agronomic trials of a subset of adapted genotypes.

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

scholarly journals Seed yield of two new quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) breeding lines as affected by sowing date in Central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo CASINI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Phenological Phases

<p>Research on the introduction of quinoa in Italy is currently lacking. The present research was aimed at identifying the correct sowing period. Field experiment was consucted in Cesa, Tuscany, in 2017. Two new breeding lines coded as DISPAA-Q42 and DISPAA-Q47-CB were utilized. Three sowing dates (SD) were implemented: February 23; March 17 and April 27. Results showed that the most successful SD was February 23. A significant decrease in both seed yield and a delay in phenological phases, relating to plant maturation and flowering was associated with the sequential delay in SD in both lines. Results also showed a significant effect of lines on yield, true-leaf stage development, flower development and maturity. Only DISPAA-Q42 was considered suitable for cultivation in the Tuscan environment. DISPAA-Q47-CB was the more susceptible line, due to the sequential delay in SD and delayed plant maturation. No effect between lines was evident for protein and saponin content. The present study clearly shows the potential for the successful cultivation of quinoa in Central Italy, and highlights the necessity of taking into consideration both breeding lines and SD in order to accomplish this goal.</p>

Sowing date affects yield components of canarygrass seed

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bodega ◽  
M. A. De Dios ◽  
M. M. Pereyra Iraola
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) crops are sown from June to mid-September in the southeastern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sowing dates in this range result in different growing temperatures and photoperiods that affect the duration of developmental stages, biomass production, and seed yield and its components. For Argentina, there are no reported studies that address these effects. This study on the effects of sowing date was conducted during four growing seasons (1996–1999) at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí a Agropecuaria (INTA) Experimental Station at Balcarce, Argentina, using a population provided by Dr. Jaime Lloveras, University of Leyda, Spain. Different seeding dates were chosen from June to mid-September. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. When the sowing date was delayed, total dry matter (DM) decreased. For early sowing dates seed yield was constant, but after 10 August it was reduced by 1.5% for each day of delay. Earlier sowing increased the duration of pre-anthesis development with greater uniformity in panicle size and the number of seeds. Seed yield was related lin early to the number of seeds and plant dry matter yield (DMY). The rate of progress from emergence to anthesis (1/days from emergence to anthesis) was proportional to the mean photoperiod. Under the environmental conditions in Balcarce, the accumulated required thermal units for anthesis was reduced when sowing was delayed from June to September. This reduction was related to the photoperiod and was estimated as –189.3 growing degree-days per hour of photoperiod increment. Key words: Canarygrass, seed yield, sowing date, yield components

Effect of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Nazeri ◽  
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽  
Seyed Alireza ValadAbadi ◽  
Mojtaba Mirakhori ◽  
Esmaeil Hadidi Masoule
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Acid Percentage

To investigate the effects of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of different canola cultivars, a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. The experimental factors consisted of sowing date at two levels (7th and 27th October), irrigation at two levels (full irrigation and irrigation termination at silique formation stage) and four German canola cultivars including Trapper, Makro, Smilla, and Agamax. The results indicated that the main effects of sowing date, irrigation, and cultivar were significant on all studied characteristics except for harvest index. The interaction between sowing date and irrigation was also statistically significant on silique number per plant, oil percentage, linolenic acid, and erucic acid percentage. The results demonstrated that seed yield and its components oil percentage and oil yield, as well as oleic and linoleic acid percentage, decreased when sowing date was delayed until 27th October. Due to irrigation termination, all the studied traits decreased except for linolenic and erucic acid. Seed yield also decreased. The results suggest that to improve seed and oil yield, canola should be sown on 7th October and fully irrigated until physiological maturity stage in the study area.

scholarly journals Faktore wat die fenologie van Ursinia cakilefolia, ’n efemeer van Namakwaland, beïnvloed

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
H. M. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Ephemeral Species

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and sowing date on the phenology of Ursinia cakilefolia, a Namaqualand ephemeral species. Seeds were sown on different dates and plants were subjected to various temperature treatments. Sowing date had a distinct effect on the growth and phenology of the plants. From the results it seems that temperature plays an important role in the timing of phenological stages. However, the effect of temperature differed between sowing dates. The plant's response to temperature is apparently modified by the prevailing photoperiod, although it may also be due to an endogenous rhythm. Generally it seems as if plants require cold temperatures from sowing until the initiation of flower buds, after which the plants need heat for anthesis and further development.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean cultivars sowing dates on seed yield and its correlation with yield parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Borowska ◽  
Janusz Prusiński
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sowing Dates

The article presents the effect of three sowing dates on the growth, development and yielding of four soybean cultivars of different earliness and under different temperature and precipitation conditions across the years. The seed yield from early sowing significantly correlated with the total precipitation in June and July, and at later dates, also with the total precipitation in August. The significantly highest soybean yields were collected from the sowing at a turn of April and May, and the highest seed and protein yield, as well as protein content in seed, were recorded for the mid-early Merlin cultivar. Neither the number and the seed weight per pod nor the 1 000-seed weight significantly depended on the sowing date. Over years, a significant, almost linear decrease in the plant height and the first pod setting height, the weight of nodules, the protein yield and the LAI (leaf area index) value was observed. High significant correlations were found between the seed yield and the plant height and the first pod setting height, as well as between the seed number and the seed weight per pod and the 1 000-seed weight as well as between the plant height and the first pod setting height.  

scholarly journals Yield and Physical and Physiological Quality of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds Grown at Different Sowing Dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Raquel Stefanello ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Physiological Tests

Variations in the sowing date of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) reflect directly on the physiological potential of the produced seeds. This study aimed to analyze the yield and the physical and physiological quality of seeds from the main stem and branches of Salvia hispanica plants grown at different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (16/09/22, 16/10/28, 17/01/03, 17/02/08 and 17/03/24) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Harvest at each sowing date was done when 80% of the leaves of each plant exhibited a darker color, indicating that they were dry. Seed yield was determined in each plant compartment (main stem and branches) and final ear length (cm) and diameter (cm) were also measured at all sowing dates. The following physical and physiological tests were performed to determine seed quality: water content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first count germination, length (root and hypocotyl) and dry matter of the seedlings. Chia can be sown from September to February providing seed yield with high physical and physiological quality. The physical and physiological quality of the chia seeds does not differ between main stem and branches. In late sowing, there is the risk of frost occurrence what may impair the physiological quality and the yield of chia seeds. The best sowing month for obtaining higher yield of chia seeds in a south subtropical region is January.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium and zinc foliar application to increase the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed at different sowing dates

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e428
Author(s):  
A. Goharian ◽  
A.H. Shirani Rad ◽  
P. Moaveni ◽  
H. Mozafari ◽  
B. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
Sowing Dates

The sowing date is an important factor for expanding the cultivated area of rapeseed and affects seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid compounds. Micronutrient elements play an important role in improving the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant, especially under conditions of biological and environmental stresses. A two-year experiment (2014-2016) was performed to study the response of rapeseed genotypes to foliar application of micronutrients on different sowing dates. The treatments were arranged as a factorial-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Three sowing dates of 7 (well-timed sowing date), 17, and 27 (delayed sowing dates) October and two levels of foliar application with pure water (control), selenium (1.5%), zinc (1.5%), and selenium+zinc (1.5%) were factorial in the main plots and five genotypes of SW102, Ahmadi, GKH2624, GK-Gabriella, and Okapi were randomized in the subplots (a total of 30 treatments). Seed yield, oil yield and content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were reduced when rapeseeds were cultivated on 17 and 27 October, while the contents in palmitic, linolenic, and erucic acids, and glucosinolate increased (p < 0.01). a selenium+zinc treatment improved seed yield, oil content and yield (p < 0.01). The oil quality increased due to increased contents of oleic and linoleic acids under the selenium+zinc treatment (p < 0.01). The GK-Gabriella and GKH2624 genotypes are recommended to be sown on well-timed (7 October) and delayed sowing dates (17 and 27 October) and treated with selenium+zinc due to the higher oil yield, linoleic and oleic acids.

scholarly journals Optimizing sowing date for peanut genotypes in arid and semi-arid subtropical regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252393
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Arid Condition ◽  
Semi Arid

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important nut crop extensively grown in rainfed regions of Pakistan. The crop requires low inputs; thus, could grow successfully under diverse environmental conditions. Due to pegging ability, peanut grows aggressively in sandy and sandy-loam soils. However, it has not introduced to Thal region of southern Punjab, Pakistan. A two-year field experiment was conducted to optimize sowing dates for two peanut genotypes (‘BARI-2016’ and ‘NO-334’) in Thal region (Layyah). Similarly, a yield trial was conducted at Chakwal where both genotypes are extensively grown. Five sowing dates (10th April, 1st May, 20th May, 10th June and 30th June) were included in the study. The highest seed yield was obtained with early sown crop (10th April) during both years. Pod formation reduced with increasing atmospheric temperature and no pods were formed on the plants sown on 30th June. Decreased pod formation seemed a major reason for low yield in late-sown crop. The highest yield was observed for the crop sown on 10th April, which was decreased by 40% for the crop sown on 1st May. Genotype ‘BARI-2016’ performed better for seed yield at both locations compared with ‘NO-334’. The results suggested that genotype ‘BARI-2016’ is more adaptive to arid and semi-arid condition under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Sowing peanut at optimum time would increase seed yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Nonetheless, ‘BARI-2016’ can be grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions successfully.

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