scholarly journals Yield, transpiration efficiency, and water-use variations and their interrelationships in the sorghum reference collection

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vadez ◽  
L. Krishnamurthy ◽  
C. T. Hash ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Interaction

Sorghum is well adapted to water-limited conditions, but the traits responsible for this enhanced adaptation under drought conditions remain unclear. In this study, yield, transpiration efficiency (TE) and water extraction were assessed in 149 germplasm entries from the sorghum reference set (plus three control cultivars) using a lysimetric system under terminal water stress and fully irrigated conditions outdoors. A 10-fold range for grain yield and harvest index (HI), 2-fold range for TE and a 1.25-fold variation for water extraction were observed under terminal water stress conditions. Transpiration efficiency and water extraction under water stress related poorly to that under fully irrigated conditions, reflecting a large genotype-by-water treatment interaction. Under drought stress, total water extraction varied by ~3 L plant–1 among germplasm. Entries from the Durra race had highest water extraction capacity, whereas Caudatum-Bicolor and Caudatum-Durra intermediate races had poor water extraction. Durra, Caudatum and Caudatum-Guinea races had highest TE, whereas the Guinea race had the lowest. Although yield was closely related to HI, at any level of HI there were substantial yield differences that remained unexplained, and these residual yield variations were closely related to TE (R2 = 0.60). Similarly, substantial yield variations that were still not explained by HI or TE were closely related to the total water extracted under water stress (R2 = 0.35). A multilinear regression analysis confirmed these results and showed the importance of water extraction during grain filling. Therefore, next to HI, the yield differences under terminal drought in sorghum were driven by TE, and then next by water extraction. The large genetic variation for TE and water extraction offer great breeding opportunities and in particular, highlight the Durra race as a critical source of variation.

scholarly journals Stay-green quantitative trait loci's effects on water extraction, transpiration efficiency and seed yield depend on recipient parent background

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Santosh P. Deshpande ◽  
Jana Kholova ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Andrew K. Borrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A stay-green phenotype enhances the adaptation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to terminal drought, although the mechanisms leading to its expression remain unclear. Differences in tillering and leaf area at anthesis, transpiration efficiency (TE), water extraction, harvest index (HI) and yield under terminal drought and fully irrigated conditions were assessed in 29 introgression lines (IL) targeting stay-green quantitative trait loci (QTLs) Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, Stg4, StgA and StgB in an S35 background, and 16 IL targeting Stg1, Stg3, Stg4 and StgB in an R16 background. TE was increased by StgB in the R16 background, whereas there was no effect in the S35 background. Water extraction was increased by Stg1 in the S35 background but not in R16. StgB modified the proportion of water extracted before and after anthesis in the S35 background. While tillering and leaf area at anthesis were decreased by Stg1 and Stg3 in S35, there was no effect in R16. Yield data under fully irrigated conditions showed higher tiller grain yield in Stg1, Stg2 and Stg3 ILs. Although yield differences were mostly explained by HI variation, the yield variation unexplained by HI was closely related to TE in S35 (R2 = 0.29) and R16 (R2 = 0.72), and was closely related to total water extracted in S35 (R2 = 0.41) but not in R16. These data indicate the potential for several stay-green QTLs to affect traits related to plant water use. However, these effects depend on the interaction between the genetic background and individual QTLs.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteome Analysis of the Penultimate Internodes of Barley Genotypes Differing in Stem Reserve Remobilization Under Drought Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Hajibarat ◽  
Abbas Saidi ◽  
Maryam Shahbazi ◽  
Mehrshad Zeinalabedini ◽  
Ahmad Mosuapour Gorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Save Energy

Abstract Barley yield relies more on stem reserves under stress conditions at the grain filling stage. At terminal drought stresses, the remobilization of reserved assimilates from stem to seed contributes a major role in yield. To understand the molecular mechanism of stem reserve utilization during drought stress, a comparative proteome and physiological analyses were performed on the penultimate internodes of three genotypes of barley Yousef (tolerant), Morocco (susceptible), and PBYT17 (semi-tolerant) under drought stress at 21 and 28 days after anthesis (DAA). Under water stress and well-watered conditions Yousef showed significantly higher RWC, grain yield, and stem reserve remobilization capacity than susceptible and semi-tolerant genotypes. The proteome analysis led to the identification of 1580 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), of which 759 and 821 proteins were differentially expressed at 21 and 28 DAA, respectively. Tolerant genotype in response to drought stress increased the abundance of several plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation proteins and protein kinases associated with posttranslational-associated, which might accelerate remobilization process for seed biomass formation compared to susceptible one under drought stress. However, the susceptible genotype increased the abundance of proteins involved in RNA metabolism and transcriptional changes to save energy sources for the growth and survival during drought stress. These findings suggest that barley might response to water stress by efficiently remobilize assimilates from stem to grain through specific remobilization processes.

scholarly journals Changes in Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and Sclerostin following a Loading Dose of Vitamin D2(300,000 IU)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sankaralingam ◽  
R. Roplekar ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
R. N. Dalton ◽  
G. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Wnt Inhibitors ◽  
Dickkopf 1

Background. Vitamin D is important for bone health, although high loading doses have been associated with an increase in fracture risk. The mechanisms remain uncertain.Aim. We hypothesize that supraphysiological concentrations of 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D may inhibit formation by increasing the production of Wnt inhibitors: sclerostin andDKK1.Subjects and Methods. We measured serum sclerostin andDKK1in 34 patients (21 F, 13 M) aged mean (SD) 61.3 (15.6) years with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency treated with a loading dose of vitamin D2(300,000 IU) intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken at baseline and serially up to 3 months.Results. Serum 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D increased markedly at 3 months (mean (SD) baseline 116 (63), 3 months : 229 (142) pmol/L,P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between sclerostin andDKK1at baseline (r=0.504, P=0.002) and at 3 months (r=0.42, P=0.013). A significant inverse correlation was observed between sclerostin and eGFR at 3 months (r=-0.494, P=0.007). Sclerostin increased significantly at 3 months (P=0.033). In a multilinear regression analysis with % change in sclerostin andDKK1as dependent variable, a positive significant association was observed with % change in 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D (P=0.038), independent of changes in PTH and following correction for confounders such as age, gender, BMI, BMD and eGFR.Conclusions. Supraphysiological concentration in 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D achieved following a loading dose of vitamin D increases sclerostin and may inhibit Wnt signalling. This may have detrimental effects on bone.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR EARLINESS AND SOME VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN SOME HULLESS BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Maamoun Ahmed Abdel-Moneam ◽  
Sally E El-Wakeel ◽  
M. S. Sultan ◽  
A. A. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Combined Data

This investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt during the two growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Seven lines and three testers were used to develop barley hybrids for earliness and vegetative traits under normal and water stress conditions. Data revealed that most of the variances due to genotypes, parents, crosses, parents x crosses, lines, testers and line x testers were highly significant for most studied traits under both conditions and their combined data. The water stress treatment decreased the mean of days to heading for parents and their hybrids. The parental Line-1, Tester-1 under all conditions and top cross no. 7 under normal and combined and cross no. 1 under stress were the earliest parents and crosses for days to heading. The stressed genotypes for water, matured earlier than genotypes grown under normal condition. The ratios of GCA/SCA were lesser than unity for all studied traits under all conditions, which mean that non-additive gene effects played an important role in the inheritance of these traits. In such cases, a bulk method would be fruitful to eliminate the effect of dominance in the advanced generation. Desirable significant GCA effects were showed by Line-1 under water stress and Tester-1 under all conditions for days to heading; Tester-1 under normal and combined for days to maturity; Line-2 under stress and Line-7 under normal condition for grain filling period; Line-4, Line-6 under both conditions and combined, Line-3 under normal, Line-7 under water stress, Tester-3 under both conditions and combined data for grain filling rate; Line-4 under both conditions and their combined data, Line-7 under water stress and combined data, Tester-2 under stress and combined data for flag leaf area; and Line-3 under normal, Line-2 and Line-7 under water stress for total chlorophyll content. Moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were obtained for grain filling rate and total chlorophyll content, and high for flag leaf area. Small differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found for all studied traits under all conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability for these traits, which may facilitate selection. Broad sense heritability percentages ranged from moderate to high with percentages ranged from 10.82% for days to maturity at combined data to 97.30% for grain filling rate under normal condition. These results indicate that genotypic variances played the major part of phenotypic variances. Narrow sense heritability percentages varied from low to moderate with percentages ranged from 0.92 % for grain filling period at combined data to 18.92% for grain filling rate under normal condition. The expected genetic advance (Δg) ranged from 0.02 for grain filling period at combined data to 0.36 for total chlorophyll conten under normal condition. While, the estimates of predicted genetic advance (Δg %) ranged from 0.04% for grain filling period at combined data to 7.41% for grain filling rate under stress condition. Generally, traits that showed high values of narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection should be used in breeding program where selection in the early segregating generations will be useful because additive gene action is more important than non-additive genetic components.

scholarly journals Comparing the effects of solar-related and terrestrial drivers on the northern polar vortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Timo Asikainen ◽  
Ville Maliniemi ◽  
Kalevi Mursula
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Aerosols ◽  
Almost All

Northern polar vortex experiences significant variability during Arctic winter. Solar activity contributes to this variability via solar irradiance and energetic particle precipitation. Recent studies have found that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) affects the polar vortex by forming ozone depleting NOx compounds. However, it is still unknown how the EEP effect compares to variabilities caused by, e.g., solar irradiance or terrestrial drivers. In this study we examine the effects of EEP, solar irradiance, El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), volcanic aerosols and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the northern wintertime atmosphere. We use geomagnetic Ap-index to quantify EEP activity, sunspot numbers to quantify solar irradiance, Niño 3.4 index for ENSO and aerosol optical depth for the amount of volcanic aerosols. We use a new composite dataset including ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis of zonal wind and temperature and multilinear regression analysis to estimate atmospheric responses to the above mentioned explaining variables in winter months of 1957–2017. We confirm the earlier results showing that EEP and QBO strengthen the polar vortex. We find here that the EEP effect on polar vortex is stronger and more significant than the effects of the other drivers in almost all winter months in most conditions. During 1957–2017 the considered drivers together explain about 25–35% of polar vortex variability while the EEP effect alone explains about 10–20% of it. Thus, a major part of variability is not due to the linear effect by the studied explaining variables. The positive EEP effect is particularly strong if QBO-wind at 30 hPa has been easterly during the preceding summer, while for a westerly QBO the EEP effect is weaker and less significant.

scholarly journals Establishment of Prediction Equations of Lean Body Mass Suitable for Chinese Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jinhua Li ◽  
Jingjie Shang ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Hao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Southern Chinese

Aim. To develop predictive equations of lean body mass (LBM) suitable for healthy southern Chinese adults with a large sample. LBM measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are considered as the standard ones. Methods. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the consecutive people who did total body measurement with DXA from July 2005 to October 2015. People with diseases that might affect LBM were excluded and overall 12,194 subjects were included in this study. Information about the 10,683 subjects (2,987 males and 7,696 females) from July 2005 to November 2014 was used to establish equations. These subjects were grouped by sex and then subdivided according to their body mass index (BMI). The female group was divided into another two subgroups: the premenopausal and postmenopausal subgroups. Equations were developed through stepwise multilinear regression analysis of height, weight, age, and BMI. Information about the 1,511 subjects (395 males and 1116 females) from December 2014 to October 2015 was used to verify the established equations. Results. BMI, height, weight, and age were introduced into the equations as independent variables in the male group, while age was proved to have no influence on LBM in the female group. Regrouping according to BMI or menopause did not increase the predictive ability of equations. Good agreement between LBM evaluated by equation (LBM_PE) and LBM measured by DXA (LBM_DXA) was observed in both the male and female groups. Conclusion. Predictive equations of LBM suitable for healthy southern Chinese adults are established with a large sample. BMI was related to LBM content; however, there is no need for further group based on BMI or menopause while developing LBM questions.

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